Growth response of Shorea assamica Dyer seedlings to shading leveland growth inhibitor treatments

Shorea assamica Dyer is one of the forest trees with recalcitrant seed type, It can not be stored for long periods. Storage technique of planting material in the form of seedlings is one solution that can be done to overcome the problems of the seeds with a short shelf life. The aim of the research is to determine the growth response of S. assamica seedlings toshading andgrowth inhibitor treatments. Research design was approached by split plot design. The main plot was shade and sub-plot was a growth inhibitor. The storage conditions consisted of (1) light (38,600-47,200 lux), (2) medium (19,342-35,300 lux) and (3) heavy shading (62-2,106 lux). The inhibitors used were (1) paclobutrazol 250 ppm, (2) NaCl 0.5% and (3) aquadest (as a control). The results showed that the combined treatment of paclubutrazol 250 ppm with heavy shade was able to suppress the growth of height, dry weight of root and seedling quality index of S. assamica at the age of 6 months optimally in nursery.

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EFEKTIFITAS FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) SERTA PUPUK NITROGEN DAN FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI JABON (Anthocephallus cadamba Roxb.) Effectiveness of Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilizer toward Jabon ........

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.20-25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Fransisca Yosina Regina Luturmas ◽

Sri Wilarso Budi R. ◽

Irdika Mansur

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Soil Types ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Main Plot ◽

Fast Growing Species ◽

Glomus Sp ◽

Plot Design

Jabon (Anthocephallus cadamba Roxb.) is one of fast-growing species with high economical value, and well adapted on some of soil types. The aims of this research were to analyze the effectiveness of AMF species isolated from Samama (Anthocephallus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil) and to determine the favorable dose of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer for Jabon growth. The research was conducted CRD-split plot design main plot was Acaulospora sp.1 (M1), Glomus sp.1 (M2), Acaulospora sp.2 (M3), Acaulospora sp.3 (M4), Glomus sp.2 (M5). While the fertilizer as the sub-plot, consist of control (P0), urea 0.5g+rockphosphat 2g (P1), urea 1g+rockphosphat 4g (P2). The result showed that AMF and fertilizer applications effectively improved Jabon grown, especially in height, stem diameter, and shoot dry weight. The interaction (M4P1) increased plant height 154.73%, diameter 75.38% and shoot dry weight 376.09% compared with control. P1 treatment was better for growth of Jabon that was inoculated by mycorrhiza. Acaulospora sp.1 (M1) originally from Samama without fertilizer had the best effectiveness for Jabon growth.Key words: Acaulospora, indigenous

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Utilization of Industrial Waste Pulp And Palm Oil on Growth and Results of Corn (Zea mays L) On Peat

10.31219/osf.io/rs5g6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

mulono apriyanto bin sugeng rijanto

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Straight Line ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Main Plot ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Plot Design

This study aims to determine the merits of various industrial waste pulp and palm oil as well as getting the most appropriate formulation ongrowth and yield of maize varieties Earth-3 and NK-212 in peatlands. Research using split plot design using the design of completely randomized design(CRD) and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Varieties as the main plot consists of: (V1): Varieties of Earth-3, (V2): Varieties of NK-212. Treatmentsubplot, consisting of six formulations ameliorant, namely: F1 (60% OPEF + 20% GPB + 10% Dregs + 10% Fly ash), F2(60% OPEF + 10% GPB + 20%Dregs + 10% Fly ash ), F3(60% OPEF + 10% GPB + 10% Dregs + 20% Fly ash), F4(40% OPEF + 30% GPB + 10% Dregs + 20% Fly ash), F5(40%OPEF + 20% GPB + 30% Dregs + 10% Fly ash) and F6(40% OPEF + 10% GPB + 20% Dregs + 30% Fly ash). The data obtained were stat isticallyanalyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by HSD test at 5% level.The results showed that various formulations of industrial waste pulp andpalm oil gave similar results to the root dry weight, dry weight of straw, hay root ratio, the diameter of the cob, corncob, corncob without the husk and dryseed weight. It can be seen from the cob generated a large and long and close cob husk well (± 98%), beans straight line with a number of seed rows15-16 rows, as well as a uniform crop diversity, is in conformity with the description.

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Growth Response and Yield of Three Shallot Varieties on The Various Mixed of UREA + ZA in Ultisol Soil

TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL ◽

10.20527/twj.v7i2.95 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

Lily Marlina ◽

Joko Purnomo ◽

Hilda Susanti

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Growth Response ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Four Levels ◽

Plot Design

This study aimed to: (1) identify the interaction effect between varieties and mixed doses of urea + ZA on the growth and yield of shallots in Ultisol soil; (2) to identify the effect of each shallot varieties and the dosage mixture of urea + ZA which produce the highest yield in Ultisol soils. The research was conducted from April to June 2019 in Tungkaran Village, Martapura, with a split plot design. The main plot was shallot varieties (V) with three levels, namely Biru Lancor (v1), Bima Brebes (v2), and Super Philip (v3). Subplots were a mixture of urea + ZA (P) with four levels, namely 0 kg urea + 600 kg ZA (p1), 100 kg urea + ZA 400 kg (p2), 200 kg urea + 200 kg ZA (p3), and 300 urea kg + ZA 0 kg (p4). Each experiment was repeated three times. Therefore, there were 36 experimental units. Observation parameters included plant height, number of leaves per clump, number of bulbs per clump, fresh bulbs' weight per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The results showed that the Bima Brebes variety (v2) had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of bulbs per clump, the weight of fresh bulbs per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The mixture of 200 kg urea + 200 g ZA (p3) significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, the weight of fresh tubers per clump, and yield of stored dry tubers.

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Shallot Growth and Yields Based on Ammonium:Nitrate Ratio on Coastal Sandy Soil

Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ◽

10.22146/ipas.18333 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 064

Author(s):

Wiji Safitri ◽

Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽

Benito Heru Purwanto ◽

Stephen Harper

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Main Plot ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Plot Design

Nitrogen was a key component for increasing yield and quality of vegetables like shallots. The growth and development of plants were influenced by nitrogen form. Common plants preferred nitrate for growth, but the enormity preference varies within plant species and other environmental factors. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of ammonium:nitrate ratio in sandy soil to growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). The experiment had been conducted in August-October 2015 in the sandy land on Samas Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was arranged in a Split-Plot design. The main plot was the source of nitrogen (NH4+; NO3-; NH4+: NO3- 1:1; NH4+: NO3- 1:2; and NH4+: NO3- 2:1) and the subplot was cultivars (Crok Kuning, Tiron, and Bima Brebes). Each subplot covered an area of 2.5 m² (2.5 m x 1 m) with three blocks as replications. Shallot bulbs were planted in sixth-row, spacing 20 cm between rows and 15 cm within rows. The dose was applied according to the recommendation of BPTP (urea 200 kg ha-1, ZA 250 kg ha-1, SP-36 150 kg ha-1, and KCl 150 kg ha-1) 144.5 kg N ha-1. Ammonium:nitrate ratio influenced shallot growth in sandy soil through number of leaves at maximum vegetative phase and its leaf area. The NH4+: NO3- 1:2 ratio gave the best result in dry weight of leaves following bulb dry weight than other ratio. Nevertheless, ammonium:nitrate ratio had no significant influence on bulb dry weight (ton ha-1).

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Utilization of Industrial Waste Pulp And Palm Oil on Growth and Results of Corn (Zea mays L) On Peat

10.31219/osf.io/n5268 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

mulono apriyanto bin sugeng rijanto

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Straight Line ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

This study aims to determine the merits of various industrial waste pulp and palm oil as well as getting the most appropriate formulation on growth and yield of maize varieties Earth-3 and NK-212 in peatlands. Research using split plot design using the design of completely randomized design (CRD) and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Varieties as the main plot consists of: (V1): Varieties of Earth-3, (V2): Varieties of NK-212. Treatment subplot, consisting of six formulations ameliorant, namely: F1 (60% OPEF + 20% GPB + 10% Dregs + 10% Fly ash), F2(60% OPEF + 10% GPB + 20% Dregs + 10% Fly ash ), F3(60% OPEF + 10% GPB + 10% Dregs + 20% Fly ash), F4(40% OPEF + 30% GPB + 10% Dregs + 20% Fly ash), F5(40% OPEF + 20% GPB + 30% Dregs + 10% Fly ash) and F6(40% OPEF + 10% GPB + 20% Dregs + 30% Fly ash). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by HSD test at 5% level.The results showed that various formulations of industrial waste pulp and palm oil gave similar results to the root dry weight, dry weight of straw, hay root ratio, the diameter of the cob, corncob berkelobot, corncob without the husk and dry seed weight. It can be seen from the cob generated a large and long and close cob husk well (± 98%), beans straight line with a number of seed rows 15-16 rows, as well as a uniform crop diversity, is in conformity with the description.

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Salt tolerance evaluation and relative comparison in cuttings of different omegranate cultivar

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/158/2009-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 176-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.R. Okhovatian-Ardakani ◽

M. Mehrabanian ◽

F. Dehghani ◽

A. Akbarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Water Drainage ◽

Two Factors ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

A pot experiment was conducted during a two-year period in order to evaluate and compare the salinity tolerance of 10 Iranian commercial cultivars of pomegranate. Pots were arranged in a split plot design with two factors included water salinity as main plot in 3 levels of 4, 7 and 10 dS/m and 10 pomegranate cultivars as sub-plot and 3 replications. The properties concerned during the experiment were vegetative growth, percentage of alive cuttings after 2 month and the necrosis and chlorosis of leaves. In the end of the experiment the vegetative yield and root dry weight were also measured. In addition, irrigation water, drainage water, soil in plots, root, stem and leaves were analyzed for elements such as Na+ and Cl–. The obtained results indicated that the best vegetative growth conditions were related to Voshike -e- Saravan and Tab -o- Larz cultivars at 4 and 7 dS/m salinity levels, respectively. Moreover, the most significant percentage of alive cuttings was related to Voshike -e- Saravan cultivar at each of the three studied salinity levels. Similarly, this cultivar had the minimum values of leaves necrosis and chlorosis at all three levels of salinity. Furthermore, the highest level of fresh yield was related to Zagh cultivar at 4 dS/m salinity level. The highest values of total Na+ and Cl– were observed in shoots and leaves of Zagh and Voshike -e- Saravan cultivars at 10 dS/m salinity level as well. In general, Voshike -e- Saravan is the most salinity-resistant cultivar among 10 studied cultivars. Besides, Malas -e- yazdi and Tab -o- larz can be planted as salinity resistant cultivars in the second hand. Other cultivar cuttings were not resistant in salinity and finally died (even after the second year) and three cultivars of Gabri, Malas -e- Esfahani and Khafri -e- Jahrom were the most sensitive cultivars with the lowest salinity resistance.

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PERTUMBUHAN DAN DAYA HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascolanicum L.) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK KALIUM DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM PADA UKURAN BIBIT YANG BERBEDA

JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI ◽

10.24014/ja.v12i1.8868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Armaini Armaini ◽

Tri Hardianti ◽

Irfandri Irfandri

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Tuber Fresh Weight ◽

Main Plot ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Plot Design

Shallot productivity can be increased by taking into account the right fertilizer factor and the potential of the seeds used. The study of potassium and manure dosages and seed size were carried out to get the best treatment in increasing growth and yield. The study was conducted in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, from February to April 2019, using a divided plot design. The main plot is the difference in seed size (> 5.0 - 7.5 and 2.5 - 5.0) g, subplots of doses of manure (0, 15, 30) ton.ha-1 and children of subplots (0 , 200, 400) kg.ha-1. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, age of harvest, number of tubers per clump, diameter of tuber, tuber fresh weight and tuber dry weight, further tests used BNJ level of 5%. The results showed that the highest dry weight of tubers was obtained in the treatment of large seedlings (> 5.0 - 7.5 g) which were given 30 tons. ha-1 of manure and 400 kg.ha-1 of KCl, with an achievement of 4.1 tons.ha-1.

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Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Minyak Atsiri Tanaman Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) pada Naungan dan Dosis Pupuk Fosfat yang Berbeda

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v46i2.20719 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Diana Nurus Sholehah ◽

Suhartono , ◽

Dan Angga Lesmana

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Main Plot ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Almost All ◽

Great Potency ◽

Plot Design

ABSTRACT Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a plant that has great potency to be developed. Almost all parts of the plant can be utilized. This study aimed to determine the effect of shade and phosphate fertilizer on growth and essential oil content in basil. This research was conducted at the experimental field of Agrotechnology Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Trunojoyo Madura, during January-April 2015. The research was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replications. Main plot was shading i.e., without shading and 25% shading. The subplots were phosphate fertilizer rate, i.e., 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 g SP36 per plant that was planted in polybags. The results showed that plants treated with 25% of shading and applied with phosphate 3 g per plant had the highest total dry weight, production of essential oil and eugenol. Shading of 25% give the best results on plant height, leaf area and total fresh weight of the plant. Application of phosphate fertilizer 3 g per plant give the highest content of chlorophyll (chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll), while the highest essential oil and eugenol content of leaves is obtained from application of phosphate fertilizer 3 and 4.5 g per plant. Shading and phosphate fertilizer application did not affect leaf number. Keywords: chlorophyll, eugenol, leaf, phenylpropanoids, production

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Pertumbuhan dan analisis kualitatif tanin, saponin dan flavonoid dari Selaginella plana, S. willdenovii and S. mayeri pada tiga naungan berbeda (The growth and qualitative analysis of tannin, saponin and flavonoid in Selaginella plana, S. willdenovii an

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.3.1.2013.14503 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tatik Chikmawati ◽

Puspita Dewi Sopyati ◽

Miftahudin Miftahudin

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compound ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Bioactive Material ◽

Qualitative Level ◽

Bioactive Content ◽

Main Plot ◽

The Right ◽

Plot Design ◽

Total Fresh Weight

Abstrak Selaginella yang banyak dijumpai melimpah di Indonesia sangat berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Kadar bahan bioaktif dalam tumbuhan sangat tergantung pada lingkungan tumbuhnya, namun penelitian aspek budidaya dari Selaginella di Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan bahan bioaktif belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian awal tentang aspek budidaya Selaginella telah dilakukan khususnya untuk mengetahui naungan yang tepat bagi pertumbuhannya serta pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan bahan bioaktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan naungan sebagai petak utama dan jenis Selaginella sebagai anak petak. S. plana, S. willdenovii dan S. mayeri diberi perlakuan naungan dengan paranet 40%, 65%, 80%, dan tanpa naungan. Uji kandungan tanin, saponin, dan flavonoid secara kualitatif diketahui dengan melakukan ekstraksi dengan alkohol. Pertambahan cabang total, pertambahan bobot basah total, bobot basah, dan bobot kering biomassa dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh naungan dan jenis Selaginella. Masing-masing jenis Selaginella memerlukan intensitas cahaya yang berbeda untuk mendukung pertumbuhannya. Semua jenis yang diuji juga mengandung kadar tanin, saponin, dan flavonoid berbeda secara kualitatif. Kata kunci: Selaginella, naungan, tanin, saponin, flavonoid Abstract Selaginella found abandonly in Indonesia is very potensial as the source of natural antioxidant. The amount of bioactive material of Selaginella depends on the environment, but research on the amount of bioactive material correlated to the cultivated aspect has not been done in Indonesia. The preeliminary research of the cultivation of Selaginella was investigated especially to know the right shading for the best growth of Selaginella. The right shading may also affect bioactive content of Selaginella. This research used split plot design with level of shading as main plot and species as sub plot. S. plana, S. willdenovii, and S. mayeri were grown under paranet with 40%, 65%, 80% shading, and non shading treatments. Bioactive compound was extracted using alcohol 70% and analyzed for tannin, saponin, and flavonoid contents. Results indicated that level of shading and species affected total branch increase, total fresh weight increase, fresh and dry weight of biomass. Each species required different light intensity to support its growth. All species in the experiment contained different qualitative level of tannin, saponin, and flavonoid. Keywords: Selaginella, shade, tanin, saponin, flavonoid

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Morphological Responses of a Light-Demanding Alstonia scholaris and a Shade-Tolerant Eusideroxylon zwageri to the Air Humidity and Light Intensity

Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) ◽

10.7226/jtfm.27.3.193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 193-199

Author(s):

B Irawan ◽

◽

R P Tamin ◽

R A Hardiyanti

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Growth Response ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Strong Indication ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Alstonia Scholaris ◽

Main Plot ◽

Different Levels ◽

Eusideroxylon Zwageri ◽

Plot Design

The response of tropical trees to the change of light intensity has been reported to be varied among different species. Some reports argued that the growth was increasing parallel to the increasing of light intensity, but other reports mentioned that the sensitivity to the light intensity was depending on the species. Another environmental factor that has been scientifically proven to affect tree growth is humidity. While humidity itself also directly affected by the light intensity in the forest ecosystems. Therefore, it is possible that the growth pattern of trees under different light intensities is also affected by air humidity under the canopy. This research aimed to study the growth response of a light-demanding Alstonia scholaris and a shade-tolerant Eusideroxylon zwageri to the different levels of air humidity and light intensity. The experiment was conducted in Jambi, Indonesia from April to November 2019. The experiment was carried out using split plot design with factorial treatments. The main plot was the air humidity with three levels and the sub plots was light intensity with five levels. Four replicates were applied. In general, the A. scholaris tends to be more sensitive to the humidity and light intensity compared to E. zwageri. In particular, A. scholaris tends to be more sensitive to the light intensity while, E, zwageri is more sensitive to the humidity. However, there is also strong indication that the effects of light intensity to the growth, especially for A. scholaris, was affected by the humidity level.

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