To reduce the import supply of sesame seeds and produce it in sufficient quantity, it is necessary to develop agri-receptions that ensure optimal growth and development of crops under the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine.
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of sowing time, the use of soil herbicide and antimicrobials on the growth, development and yield of sesame seeds of the Husar variety.
Researches were conducted in 2012-2014 at the fields of the Institute of Oil Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. Sowing of sesame seeds of Husar variety was carried out at a depth of seed wrapping of 3-4 cm with a row spacing of 70 cm on non-herbicide and herbicide backgrounds (application of Harnes soil herbicide (2.5 l/ha)), seeding rate – 800 thousand similar seeds per hectare. terms: I – at soil temperature at the depth of seed wrapping 12-14 °C; II – at the soil temperature at the seed wrapping depth of 16-18 °C. Application options: 1 – control (without treatment); 2 – treatment of seeds (250 ml/t) + 2 processing of vegetation (6-8 leaves and budding) (0.75 l/ha) Rost-concentrate; 3 – 2 treatments for vegetation (6-8 leaves and budding) by Omex (1 l/ha); 4 – treatment of seeds (250 ml/t) with Rost-concentrate + 2 treatments on vegetation (6-8 leaves and budding) with a lateral mixture of Rost-concentrate (0.75 l/ha) and Omexa (1 l/ha). The bookmarking of the experiments and the research were carried out in accordance with the common methods of field experiments in agriculture and crop production.
Observations on the growth and development of sesame plants during the growing season during the years of research showed that the regulations on the use of Rost-concentrate and Omexa in the first and second sowing periods have differently affected its field germination, planting density and plant survival. On average, for three years, during the first sowing period, the field germination of sesame was 47.6-49.3 %, for the second – 49.0-50.1 %, the plant standing density was 381-395 and 392-401 thousand/ha respectively. At the same time, when field germination rates varied mainly depending on the sowing time, the plant survival rate depended on both the sowing time and the use of the preparations. On average, for the years 2012-2014, its sowing indexes were in the range of 86.5-89.5 % for the first sowing period, and 87.9-89.5 % for the second one. Influenced by the use of Rost-concentrate and Omexa, the plant survival rate increased by 1.4-3.0 % and 0.7-1.6 %, respectively. The use of soil herbicide did not affect field germination and plant survival during the growing season.
The average height of Husar sesame plants in the crops of the first sowing period was 105.8-114.5 cm, in the crops of the second row 95.5-102.2 cm, 1.3-2.8 cm for the first sowing period and 1.1-1.9 cm for the second. The increase in plant height from the use of drugs was equal to: for the first sowing period – 1.9- 6.8 cm; for the other – 1.2-5.7 cm.
Performance indicators of sesame performance were largely dependent on sowing time. At the same time, there was no significant effect on their use of drugs, both on herbicide and on herbicide backgrounds. Thus, for the first sowing period the indicators were: the number of boxes per plant – 44,4-46,3 pcs; weight of seeds from 1 plant – 3,8-4,1 g; quantity of seeds from 1 plant – 1489-1567 pcs. During the second sowing period, these indicators decreased in accordance with: 33.6-34.7 pcs .; 2.9-3.1 g; 1107-1195 pieces The weight of 1000 seeds was almost the same for all the studied factors and ranged from 2.4 to 2.7 g.
For three years of research, the maximum yield level of 0.99-1.09 t/ha on a non-herbicide background and 1.01-1.12 t/ha on a herbicide background was obtained during the first sowing period. Sowing at a later date reduced the yield by 0.08-0.10 and 0.08-0.13 t/ha, respectively. The cultivation of sesame seeds on the herbicide background did not significantly affect the increase in yield of 0.01-0.03 at R&D of 0.03-0.05 t/ha.
The highest yield – 1.12 t/ha obtained during the first sowing period on a herbicide background in the variant with seed treatment Rost-concentrate, two treatments on vegetation (6-8 leaves and budding) lateral mixture of Rost-concentrate and Omexa. The yield increase from the use of growth stimulants was equal to: 0.04-0.11 t/ha for the first sowing period; for the other – 0.04-0.08 t/ha.
The fat content in the seeds of sesame seeds of the Husar variety was higher than sowing in the first term and depending on the variant of the use of drugs was equal to 54,7-55,0 %. During the second sowing period it decreased to 54.1-54.4 %. There were no changes in the fat content of sesame cultivation on non-herbicide and herbicide backgrounds. Taking into account the yield level, the yield of oil was 493-561 kg/ha in the first sowing period, 448-490 kg/ha in the second. The largest – 561 kg/ha was the first sowing in the version with seed treatment Rost-concentrate, two treatments for vegetation (6-8 leaves and budding) lateral mixture of Rost-concentrate and Omeks on herbicide background.
DETERMINING THE NEED OF ALFALFA FOR WATER IN THE CONDITIONS OF SARAJEVO AREA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
