scholarly journals Differences in Anthropometrics Characteristics, Somatotype and Motor Skill in Karate and Non-Athletes // Razlike u antropometrijskim karakteristikama, somatotipu i motoričkim sposobnostima karatista i nesportista

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiti Blerim ◽  
Kostovski Zarko ◽  
Ganiu Visar ◽  
Ademi Agron ◽  
Shalja Egzon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Karate Athletes

Anthropometric characteristics aim to improve the performance in many sports. Morphological status of top athletes is relatively homogeneous, depending on the sport, and can be defined as a pattern for the achievements of athletes (Misigoj-Duraković, Matković, &Medved, 1995). Somatotype reflects the overall appearance of the human body and gives meaning to the total morphological status of the human body (Ross, Ward, Leahy, & Day 1982). Our research was conducted with the main objective to identify the differences in anthropometric characteristics somatotype and some basic motor skills in karate and non-athletes. The research was conducted on 100 male subjects 17-18 years, karate (50) and non-athletes (50). The purpose of this study is to define the differences in anthropometric characteristics, somatotypes and basic motor skills in karate and non-athletes. The pattern of the anthropometric measures is defined by ISAK (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropmetry), except the variables: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF %) and lean body mass (ALBM), which are calculated according to the methodology During Womerslay, while the variable (HWR) derives from the software program somatotype 1.2, the pattern of motor skill is defined by battery of Eurofit testing. For determining the differences between the two groups of respondents, a t-test for independent samples is applied, while the evaluation of the somatotypes was done according to the methodology by Heath-Carter with 10 anthropometric measurements. Based on the obtained results of measurements from both groups respondents, was proved that there are no statistically significant differences in anthropometric measures. Based on our study, while in karate we found balanced mesomorph somatotype 3.07-4.28-2.85 in non-athletes we find endomorphic mesomorph somatotype 3.47-4.96-2.67. Statistically significant differences on the components of somatotypes exist at mesomorph component. Differences in the motor skill were found in favor of karate athletes.

scholarly journals Validity of Recreational Marathon Runners’ Self-Reported Anthropometric Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1078
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Recreational Runners

While studies on large samples of recreational runners have often relied on participants’ self-reported height and body mass, the validity of these data have not been investigated for this population. Hence, this study sought to examine the validity of self-reported anthropometric measures among recreational marathon runners. Female ( n = 32) and male ( n = 135) recreational marathon runners were requested to estimate their body mass and height (and we calculated their self-reported body mass index [BMI]), after which we took actual measures of their body mass and height and calculated their actual BMI. Participants’ self-reported values underestimated their actual body mass by 0.65 kg ( p < .001, η2 = 0.222) and their actual BMI by 0.35 kg ⋅ m−2 ( p < .001, η2 = 0.245). There was a significant Assessment Method × Sex Interaction for both body mass ( p = .019, η2 = 0.033) and BMI ( p = .017, η2 = 0.034), as women underestimated body mass values more than men. Participants overestimated their height by 0.44 cm ( p < .001, η2 = 0.075), but the interaction of sex and assessment method for height was not statistically significant. Underestimates of body mass correlated with marathon racing speed ( r = .24, p = .006) and body fat percentage ( r = −.29, p = .001) in men, but not in women ( p > .05). The disagreement between self-reported and measured anthropometric data in the present sample was lower than has been previously reported for the general population, suggesting that marathon runners may more accurately self-perceive and/or report their anthropometric characteristics. These findings are of practical value for health professionals and researchers (e.g., nutritionists and exercise physiologists) questionnaires to recreational marathon runners.

scholarly journals Body Composition According to Spinal Cord Injury Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3911
Author(s):  
Peter Francis Raguindin ◽  
Alessandro Bertolo ◽  
Ramona Maria Zeh ◽  
Gion Fränkl ◽  
Oche Adam Itodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cord Injury

The level of injury is linked with biochemical alterations and limitations in physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), which are crucial determinants of body composition. We searched five electronic databases from inception until 22 July 2021. The pooled effect estimates were computed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was calculated using I2 statistics and the chi-squared test. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We pooled 40 studies comprising 4872 individuals with SCI (3991 males, 825 females, and 56 sex-unknown) in addition to chronic SCI (median injury duration 12.3 y, IQR 8.03–14.8). Individuals with tetraplegia had a higher fat percentage (weighted mean difference (WMD) 1.9%, 95% CI 0.6, 3.1) and lower lean mass (WMD −3.0 kg, 95% CI −5.9, −0.2) compared to those with paraplegia. Those with tetraplegia also had higher indicators of central adiposity (WMD, visceral adipose tissue area 0.24 dm2 95% CI 0.05, 0.43 and volume 1.05 L 95% CI 0.14, 1.95), whereas body mass index was lower in individuals with tetraplegia than paraplegia (WMD −0.9 kg/mg2, 95% CI −1.4, −0.5). Sex, age, and injury characteristics were observed to be sources of heterogeneity. Thus, individuals with tetraplegia have higher fat composition compared to paraplegia. Anthropometric measures, such as body mass index, may be inaccurate in describing adiposity in SCI individuals.

The Human Body in Britain: Past and Future

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Floud
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Material Welfare

This chapter explores evidence on the changing shape of the British human body, in particular its height and weight, in order to shed light on the past and possibly future standard of living of the British population. It focuses on anthropometric measures (based on height, weight, and body mass index) that are employed as indicators of material welfare of the population.

scholarly journals Positional differences in anthropometric characteristics of the Croatian U18 female field handball players

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Dinko Vuleta ◽  
Lidija Bojić-Ćaćić ◽  
Dragan Milanović ◽  
Marjeta Mišigoj Duraković ◽  
Dražan Dizdar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Game Performance

The aim of the study was to analyze positional differences in anthropometric characteristics of 48 Croatian selected female handball juniors (average age 18.43 years) who played in three positions: backs (B; n=19), wings (W; n=7) and pivots (P; n=6). Twenty-four anthropometric measures, defining the four latent morphological dimensions, were used. Globally, significant differences were revealed by means of ANOVA in 11 morphological measures (7 at p≤.01 and 4 at p≤.05) between the three groups of female juniors with no significant differences in longitudinal dimensions. Only one significant positional difference was found between pivots and backs (in the lower leg skinfold in favour of pivots suggesting a higher body fat percentage. Between wings and pivots no significant differences were found in longitudinal body dimensions; however, the measures of skeletal transversality, voluminosity and partially of fatty tissue (two variables) corroborated the fundamental difference between these two positions: pivotsʼ body built was more robust. No significant differences were found in longitudinal and almost all transversal measures between backs and wings; however, the differences in body voluminosity (all in favour of backs) were probably due to the selection process. In the juniorsʼ somatotype (3.72‒3.49‒2.32), endomorph and mesomorph components were predominant over the ectomorph component, in which the lowest values were obtained from the players in all the three positions. It is of outmost importance that handball practitioners should work on the reduction of players’ percentage of subcutaneous fatty tissue and on the enhancement of the portion of active muscle mass in their body composition by the implementation of quality sports training programmes and changes in dietary habits if better game performance and sports achievements of the Croatian junior female handball players are expected.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obesity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional of Various Specialties in Montenegrin Army Soldiers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevo POPOVIC ◽  
Boris BANJEVIC ◽  
Bojan MASANOVIC ◽  
Dusko BJELICA
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
General Terms

Background: The body composition and physical fitness of members of the army is always a relevant topic for research, since the level of defense and security of people and material goods in a specific territory in many ways depends on the level of ability of the army. However, members of the armed forces are a heterogeneous group, typified by different abilities, characteristics, but also everyday needs, and the trend of changing body composition and reducing physical fitness is a current issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine possible differences in body composition indicators that could appear between members of the Army of Montenegro of different military specialties. Methods: The sample of respondents included 240 Montenegrin male soldiers (32.5yr±9.5), who were measured at the sports dispensaries within the barracks of Montenegrin Army around the country in the spring of 2020, was classified into eight numerically equal subsamples according to their military specialty. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures, which were necessary to calculate two derived body composition indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (FAT %). Using the one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with Taki’s model, the variables were analyzed. Results: It was determined that the body composition of Montenegrin soldiers shows a certain peculiarity compared to other national military corps, while there are differences in body composition indicators between members of the Montenegrin Army of different military specialties. Conclusion: This fact dramatically strengthens the issues of Montenegrin distinctive regarding body composition, both in general terms and in terms of distinctive within specific professional vocations.  

Anthropometric Characteristics and Delayed Growth in Young Artistic Gymnasts

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Malamati Skaperda ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Delayed Growth

This article addresses the problem of whether high-impact artistic gymnastics training could cause delayed growth in young male and female athletes, as is believed to be the case in professional dancers. The main anthropometric characteristics of young gymnasts were measured, and the differences between gymnasts, swimmers, and nonathletes were examined. Twenty competitive gymnasts, 20 competitive swimmers, and 20 nonathletes, aged 10 to 12 yrs old, volunteered to participate in this study. Testing took place in a training field and the equipment consisted of portable anthropometric instruments. Measurements concerned body mass, stature, segment lengths (arm, forearm, trunk, thigh, and calf), body breadths (biacromical, biiliac, wrist, and ankle), circumferences (arm and thigh), and skinfold thicknesses (arm, thigh, and calf). Triceps and calf skinfold thicknesses were used to estimate the body fat percentage (%BF). The lean body mass percentage (%LBM) and the LBM/BF ratio were also evaluated. Moreover, cross-sectional areas of the arm (CSAarm) and thigh (CSAthigh) were calculated, taking into consideration the limb's circumference and four circumferential skinfolds. The results showed that, generally, young male and female gymnasts had smaller body dimensions in some anthropometric characteristics compared to swimmers and nonathletes. This mainly focused on body weight, arm and calf lengths, biiliac/biacromial breadths ratio, skinfold thicknesses, and %BF. However, gymnasts had higher %LBM, LBM/BF ratio, and CSAarm. No significant differences were found in the rest of body dimensions and composition. Although young male and female gymnasts appeared to have some lower anthropometric characteristics compared to the other two groups, it has not clearly demonstrated a delay in their somatic growth and skeletal development.

scholarly journals Anthropometry of World-Class Elite Handball Players According to the Playing Position: Reports From Men's Handball World Championship 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Ghobadi ◽  
Hamid Rajabi ◽  
Babak Farzad ◽  
Mahdi Bayati ◽  
Ian Jeffreys
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
World Class ◽  
Physical Capacities

Abstract Identifying the anthropometric measures of successful and less successful handball players may be helpful in developing a talent identification and development model, allowing for the determination of key physical capacities required for elite performance. The purpose of the study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, including age, standing stature, body mass and body mass index (BMI) in handball players who participated in the 2013 Men's Handball World Championships. Secondly, the objective was to identify the possible differences in these parameters in terms of individual playing positions (goalkeeper, back, center back, wing, line player). Rosters with handball player's age, standing stature, and body mass were obtained from the International Handball Federation website. The research material included 409 handball players (24 teams). National teams were organized by their ranks and sub-grouped using their continents and playing positions. The results of the analyses of variance demonstrated significant differences in age (F=2.30; p=0.044; Partial ŋ2=0.028), standing stature (F=14.02; p=0.0001; Partial ŋ2=0.148), and body mass (F=5.88; p=0.0001; Partial ŋ2=0.068) among the groups (G1-G6). Players in G1 had the highest standing stature and body mass, while players in G6 had the lowest age and body mass values. The backs and line players were the tallest. In addition, the measurement of body mass showed that the line players had the highest body mass and BMI values. In conclusion, this study presented anthropometric data that differentiated levels of success in male handball teams playing in the 2013 world championships. This information should serve as a reference for the average standing stature, body mass, and BMI of handball players for particular positions at the professional level.

scholarly journals The investigation of relationship between body mass index and physical activity level along with motor skill in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-830
Author(s):  
Serkan İbiş ◽  
Zehra Gözel Tepe ◽  
Zait Burak Aktuğ
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor skills and body mass index (BMI) along with physical activity level (PAL) of children aged 8-10 years. A total of 376 children (female = 168, male = 208) aged 8-10 years participated in the study. In the study, BMIs of children were determined by [body weight (kg) / height (m2)] formula, PALs were determined by Physical Activity Questionnare for Older Children (PAQ-C) and motor skills by Allgemeiner Sportmotorischer Test (AST). Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationship between motor skill and BMI along with PAL. As a result of the study, a significant positive correlation was found between PAL and AST20 m-running, AST6 min running and ASTtotal score, while a negative correlation was found between BMI and AST20 m running, ASThurdle run, AST medicine ball toss, AST6 min running and ASTtotal score. In addition, it was found that the majority of children in the AST classification were in the moderate (46.3%) and poor (45.5%) motor skills category and no children were in the very good motor skills category. As a result, it can be stated that motor development can be achieved by directing children to physical activities and high BMI constitutes a limitation of motor skills of children. Considering this situation, it may be recommended to direct children to physical activities in order to increase the motor skill that has a positive effect on success and ability to work positively or negatively at every stage of life. ​​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Çalışmanın amacı, 8-10 yaşları arasındaki çocukların motor becerileri ile vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi (FAD) arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 8-10 yaş arası toplam 376 (kız= 168, erkek=208) çocuk katılmıştır. Çalışmada çocukların VKİ’leri [vücut ağırlığı (kg)/boy (m2)] formülü ile, FAD’leri İlköğretim Öğrencileri İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (PAQ-C) ile motor becerileri ise Allgemeiner Sportmotorischer Test (AST) ile belirlenmiştir. Motor beceri ile VKİ ve FAD arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemede Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, FAD ile AST20 m koşu, AST6 dk koşu ve ASTtoplam skoru arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenirken, VKİ ile AST20 m koşu, ASTengel koşusu, ASTsağlık topu atma, AST6 dk koşu ve ASTtoplam skoru arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca AST sınıflandırılmasında çocukların çoğunluğunun orta (%46,3) ve kötü (%45,5) motor beceri kategorisinde olduğu ve çok iyi motor beceri kategorisinde hiçbir çocuğun bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak çocukların fiziksel aktivitelere yönlendirilerek motor becerilerinde gelişim sağlana bilineceği ve yüksek VKİ’nin çocukların motor becerilerinde sınırlama oluşturduğu söylenebilir. Bu durum göz önüne alınarak hayatın her aşamasında başarıyı ve iş yapabilme kapasitesini olumlu ya da olumsuz olarak etkileyen motor becerinin artırılması için çocukları fiziksel aktivitelere yönlendirmek önerilebilir

scholarly journals Correlation between selected anthropometry parameters among female adolescent nursing students -Indicators of health

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5674-5677
Author(s):  
Silambuselvi K ◽  
Abirami P ◽  
Jayabharathi B
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional

Anthropometric measures are important indicators of health status. The present research was conducted among selected female nursing college students to analyse the correlation between body mass index and body fat percentage. This Quantitative Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 female nursing students at SRM College of Nursing, Kattankulathur, Chennai, using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Body mass index was analysed using the formula, and Omron body fat analyser (HBF-306) was used to observe body fat percentage. Body mass index(BMI) results showed that the majority of samples 115 were found to have healthy BMI, 62 students were underweight, 24 samples were overweight. Body fat percentage results showed that 126 samples had healthy body fat percentage,29 samples had too high body fat percentage,38 study samples had too low body fat %, and 10 students had obese body fat %. The correlation was observed to be positive and significant among body mass index and body fat percentage in total. Correlation among body mass index and per cent body fat based on BMI Classification also showed a significant positive correlation among underweight, normal and overweight individuals. Still, a negative correlation was found in obese samples. Since the number of obese samples was less, a similar correlation study among large samples was recommended.

Body Mass-Related Predictors of the Female Athlete Triad Among Adolescent Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Thralls ◽  
Jeanne F. Nichols ◽  
Michelle T. Barrack ◽  
Mark Kern ◽  
Mitchell J. Rauh
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction

Early detection of the female athlete triad is essential for the long-term health of adolescent female athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between common anthropometric markers (ideal body weight [IBW] via the Hamwi formula, youth-percentile body mass index [BMI], adult BMI categories, and body fat percentage [BF%]) and triad components, (low energy availability [EA], measured by dietary restraint [DR], menstrual dysfunction [MD], low bone mineral density [BMD]). In the sample (n = 320) of adolescent female athletes (age 15.9± 1.2 y), Spearman’s rho correlations and multiple logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between anthropometric clinical cutoffs and triad components. All underweight categories for the anthropometric measures predicted greater likelihood of MD and low BMD. Athletes with an IBW ≤85% were nearly 4 times more likely to report MD (OR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.8, 7.9]) and had low BMD (OR = 4.1, 95% CI [1.2, 14.2]). Those in <5th percentile for their age-specific BMI were 9 times more likely to report MD (OR 9.1, 95% CI [1.8, 46.9]) and had low BMD than those in the 50th to 85th percentile. Athletes with a high BF% were almost 3 times more likely to report DR (OR = 2.8, 95% CI [1.4, 6.1]). Our study indicates that low age-adjusted BMI and low IBW may serve as evidence-based clinical indicators that may be practically evaluated in the field, predicting MD and low BMD in adolescents. These measures should be tested for their ability as tools to minimize the risk for the triad.

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