scholarly journals Peasant house as a factor of formation of cultural landscape of the Russian North and the Arctic (on the example of Purnema settlement)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Usov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Marine Culture

The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling in the natural and cultural space of the Russian North and the Arctic. The goal of this work is to examine the peculiarities of a peasant house in Purnema settlement as a factor of formation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The dwelling is examines not as an isolated structure, but an integral part of the North Russian cultural landscape, one of the key elements of the traditional culture of Pomorye— the Russian variant of marine culture in the Arctic. The research is based on empirical data acquired in the course of expedition in 2020 on the territory of Onezhskoye Pomorye, settlement of Purnema, Arkhangelsk Region. The article emplopys archival sources of the State Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Shchusev (Moscow), wooden architecture sites in the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). Empirical data was obtained via photographic evidence of architectural sites, schematic measurements, and ethnographic questionnaire of local residents, using the method of interview. The research also leans on methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural and ethnographic survey of the wooden architecture sites. The conclusion is made that the architectural-construct peculiarities of the dwelling and type settlement demonstrate the specific lifestyle of the Russian people in the harsh forest zone and their adjustment to the local climate. In the conditions of the North and the Arctic, a peasant house manifests as a stabilizing factor of adaptation, which ensures sustainable coexistence of population and cultural landscape formed therein; and thus, the effectiveness of ethnosocial and environmental development of the Northern and Arctic territories of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the formation and transformation of cultural landscape of the historical settlements of Onezhskoye Pomorye

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Usov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Russian North

The object of this research is the historical,-cultural and natural environment of historical settlements of the Russian North. The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling as a factor of formation and transformation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The goal lies in studying the peculiarities of formation and transformation of cultural landscape of the rural settlements Onezhskoye Pomorye based on the material of traditional dwelling. The research relies on the empirical data acquired in the course of expedition of the Scientific Center for Traditional Culture and Museum Practices of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences to Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Region (2018–2021);archival sources of A.V. Shchusev State Museum of Architecture (Moscow), experience of exploring the monuments of wooden architecture of the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). The data were obtained by photofixation of the architectural monuments, schematic measurements, and ethnographic survey conducted among local residents using the method of interview. The research employs the original methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural-ethnographic exploration of the sites of wooden architecture. Cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye (and the Russian North overall) primarily is the landscape of rural historical settlements. Northern settlements emerged in close connection with the natural landscape and transformed it into a cultural one. Special role in this process was played by the local population – the Pomors, who were guided by the principles of creating compact settlements, with closed type of dwelling to due to the harsh climate. The adaptive capabilities of traditional dwelling, reflected in its architectural design, allowed the people to survive in the severe conditions of the North. The dwelling is a reflection of natural space of the Russian North and the Arctic, passed through the “prism” of local mentality and carpenter's culture, coexistence of man and the surrounding natural environment, special marker of the North Russian identity, and intrinsic part of the North Russian cultural landscape.

scholarly journals Mythopoetic Aspects of Traditional Pomor Cryosophy and Anthropology of the Cold: Reconstruction and Interpretation

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Nikolay Terebikhin ◽  
◽  
Marina Melyutina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Sacred Geometry ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Scientific Ideas

This article deals with the reconstruction of the ritual-mythological origins and interpretation of archaic semantics of a number of concepts, images, metaphors and symbols that constitute the corpus of Pomor cryosophy and anthropology of the cold. The research is based on the semiotic analysis and hermeneutics of traditional texts of Pomor culture and works included in the semantic circle of the Northern text of Russian literature. The concept of cryosophy was developed by the outstanding Russian geocryologist V.P. Melnikov, who viewed it as an “ontology of the cold world”, a system of philosophical and scientific ideas about the fundamental characteristics and principles of the cryosphere in all its forms. The conceptual and methodological framework of anthropology of the cold was articulated in the works of employees of the Laboratory for Comprehensive Geocultural Research on the Arctic (Arctic State Institute of Culture and Arts, Yakutsk). The study of traditional Pomor cryosophy is based on the author’s previous research in the field of geosophy, sacred geography, and semiotics of cultural landscape of the Russian North. It is fully compliant with the subject-problem field of the anthropology of the cold. Metaphysical cold pervades all aspects of the sophic arrangement of the Pomor ethnocentrum, whose sacred geometry is similar to the configuration of “cold” societies. The class of “cold” societies based on the mythological paradigm of eternal return includes the archaic and traditional communities of the Russian Arctic (Sami, Nenets, Komi, Russian Pomors). The ideology of Old Believers was one of the leading mechanisms aimed to “cool” and maintain the homeostasis of the structure of local and ethnic communities in Pomorye. It was reflected in the sacred geometry of monastic and local self-government in the Russian North. The “cold option” of Pomor culture, along with the preserving values of the old faith, included more archaic elements and “cooling” mechanisms going back to the shamanistic ritual-mythological complex. In Pomor society, the function of such a refrigerator, preserving the sacred knowledge of the structure of the universe and maintaining the eternal still of the northern world, was performed by the poet-storyteller. He used word magic to turn the icy silence of the North into the sounding mythopoetic cosmos.

Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North and Their Right to Traditional Fishing

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Andreyevna Zmyvalova
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The preservation of the traditional livelihood of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North is one of the State’s policy priorities in the Russian Federation. This is declared in such documents as, inter alia, the Development Strategy of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and the National Security for the period up to 2020 and the Paper on the Sustainable Development of the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia for the period up to 2025. Fishing is one of the basic traditional practices for the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. Despite the legal recognition of the right to traditional fishing of indigenous peoples, the practical realization of this right is complicated. While analysing the current situation, the author attempts to shed some light on the reasons of the problematic realization of this right.

scholarly journals Socio-economic development of the village of Tiksi in the Russian Arctic: strategy and growth potential

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
P.Y. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Potravnaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village

The article consider the implementation of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the village of Tiksi for the period up to 2025, worked out by the Ministry for the Development of the Arctic and the Affairs of the Peoples of the North of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors outline constraints and perspective directions of the village development, its capacity and growth points, which include modernization and development of seaport, the implementation of projects in the field of energy and resource efficiency, the creation of a tourist cluster “Russian North of the Arctic”, the construction of a trade and logical center. The implementation of this approach will contribute to the creation of an economic growth center for the Arctic.

scholarly journals Painting-report as visual document of an event (based on graphic sketches of F. Reshetnikov’s polar expeditions)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Mariya G. Kotovskaya ◽  
Elina G. Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Movie Camera

The exploration of the Russian north at the end of 19th – the beginning of the 20th centuries went along with the emergence of the topic “the conquest of the Arctic” in visual arts. The artists would travel as part of research polar expeditions to the North again and again. Picturesque images of Arkhangelsk, Karelia, Northern Dvina, Novaya Zemlya, the northern sea passage would appear in mass media in front of the viewer in artistically perfect images. Fyodor Reshetnikov took part in an expedition to the North in the 1930s. The artist was young; the desire to perform a feat for his country propelled him to take part in polar expeditions led by O. Yu. Schmidt. It was the time when the materials would be documented by means of photo- and movie camera. During the expedition the artist presented his own way of depicting the work of the expedition and its everyday life. Polar expeditions, the feat of “Chelyuskin,” northern landscapes would become an essential part of artistic exhibitions in the 1930s (such as “20 anniversary of Red Army” and “Socialism Industry”). Viewers’ interest in the topic and a general popularity of the topic made the exploration of the North one of the most prominent, sincere and significant moments in the national art of the 20th century before the war.

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL PROJECTS IN THE PROCESSES OF SELF-DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES OF THE NORTH AND ARCTIC OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Irina A. Gushchina ◽  
◽  
Dmitry L. Kondratovich ◽  
Olga A. Polozhentseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The North ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
June July ◽  
Factor Of Influence

This work is a logical continuation of our article published in the 10th issue of the journal, devoted to such a factor of influence on the processes of self-development of territorial communities of the North and the Arctic as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Since the basis of both articles is sociological information obtained from the results of an expert survey of heads of municipalities conducted in June-July 2021, we found it possible not to dwell on the methodological and methodological approaches described in the previously published work. This article focuses on determining the role and significance of national projects in the processes of self-development of municipalities in the regions of the Russian North and the Arctic. The scale of participation of municipalities in national projects, assessment of the process of their implementation are revealed, the main problems hindering the effective implementation of national projects are identified.

scholarly journals Climate regime shifts and community reorganization in the Gulf of Alaska: how do recent shifts compare with 1976/1977?

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Litzow
Keyword(s):  
Regime Shift ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Regime Shifts ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Reorganization ◽  
Catch Composition

Abstract Climate regime shifts have recently occurred in the North Pacific (1998–1999) and the Arctic (2000), but the nature of biological reaction to these events is poorly understood. An index of local climate (1960–2005), and data from commercial fishery catches (1960–2004) and from small-mesh trawl surveys (1972–2005) are used to assess the impacts of these climate events in the Subarctic Gulf of Alaska. Non-linear regression showed that survey catch composition strongly responded to local climate at lags of 2 and 4 years, providing evidence of rapid ecological response to climate change in the system. A sequential regime shift detection method identified rapid change in local climate, and in survey and commercial catches following the well-documented regime shift to a positive state of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in 1976/1977. However, the analysis failed to detect the 1998/1999 regime shift in local climate, or in survey or commercial catches. This result is consistent with the view that the 1998/1999 climate regime shift did not represent a reversion to a negative PDO state. Local temperature increased and local sea level pressure decreased in the Gulf of Alaska during the years 2001–2005, consistent with anthropogenic warming and recent spatial reorganization in Arctic climate. There was no evidence of community reorganization following this climate event. Further observation will be required to evaluate the persistence of this new climate pattern, and the nature of community reaction to it.

scholarly journals “That’s where our future came from”: Mining, landscape, and memory in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Cater ◽  
Arn Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Landscape ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Industrial Mining

AbstractBased on ethnographic and oral history research, this article investigates community experiences of historical and contemporary mineral development in the Arctic through an analysis of the cultural landscape of Rankin Inlet, Nunavut. The town was established in the 1950s around the North Rankin Nickel Mine—Arctic Canada’s first industrial mining operation. The mine’s rapid closure in 1962 dealt a devastating blow to the local economy, with about half the community staying in Rankin Inlet and struggling to make a living. In spite of the long period since closure, the mine’s influence is still present in the town’s built environment and cultural landscapes. Our research seeks to reveal the symbolic attachments both Inuit and long-termQallunaatresidents have formed with the post-industrial landscape. We argue that Rankin Inlet, as a community, is coming to terms with and (re)staking its claims to its industrial past, as part of contemporary efforts to manage the costs and benefits of new mineral development in the region.

scholarly journals The Early and Middle Neolithic in NW Russia: radiocarbon chronologies from the Sukhona and Onega regions

10.4312/dp.8 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Henny Piezonka ◽  
Nadezhda Nedomolkina ◽  
Marina Ivanishcheva ◽  
Natalya Kosorukova ◽  
Marianna Kulkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
The Baltic

The onset of the Neolithic period in the Russian North is defined by the emergence of pottery vessels in the archaeological record. The ceramics produced by mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher groups in the north-eastern European forest zone are among the earliest in Europe, starting around 6000 cal BC. After the initial mosaic of local styles in the Early Neolithic, including sparsely decorated wares and early Comb Ware, the Middle Neolithic period, starting in the 5th millennium cal BC, saw the development and spread of larger, more homogenous typological entities between the Urals and the Baltic, the Comb-Pit and Pit-Comb wares. Absolute chronologies, however, are still subject to debate, due to a general lack of reliable contextual information. Direct 14C dating of carbonised surface residues (‘food crusts’) on pots can help to address this problem, as it dates the use of the pottery; but if aquatic foods were processed in the vessels, the respective radiocarbon ages can appear to be too old due to the freshwater reservoir effect. In this pa­per, we discuss the radiocarbon chronologies of four important stratified archaeological complexes in the region between Lake Onega and the Sukhona basin, Berezovaya Slobodka, Veksa, Karavaikha, and Tudo­zero. A growing series of dates, including AMS dates, sheds new light on the onset and further periodisation of the Early and Middle Neolithic in this important area between Eastern Fennoscandia, Central Rus­sia and the Far North-East of Europe, although problems concerning the absolute chronology of the initial Neolithic remain.

scholarly journals Contribution to the knowledge of the fauna of the long-tongued bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea: Megachilidae, Apidae) in the north of the Arkhangelsk Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Potapov ◽  
YuS Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Regional Fauna

This article is devoted to a study of the fauna of the long-tongued bees in the north of the Arkhangelsk Region, which is located in the northeast of the European part of Russia, but excludes the Arctic islands. This group includes the bees of the families Megachilidae and Apidae. Forty-four (44) species of bees were found in this region. Most of them (29) are bumblebees (genus Bombus). Fourteen (14) species are megachilid bees (genus Osmia, Coelioxys and Megachile) and one species is Apis mellifera. The largest number of species (39) was recorded in the lower reaches of the Northern Dvina River, due to the long research on this territory. The lowest number of species (16) was recorded in the Mezensky District. In the north of the studied region, the tundra species of B. lapponicus is only presented for the Mezensky District. Many species of bumblebees in the regional fauna belong to the ecological group of the meadow species. These are B. soroeensis, B. ruderarius, B. rupestris and a number of others. They are typical for meadow and ruderal habitats, and are usually not presented in the native taiga habitats. These meadow species are widely represented in the valleys of large rivers, such as the Northern Dvina, the Onega, and the Mezen. Compared to bumblebees, megachilid bees are much rarer in the north of the Arkhangelsk Region. Apis mellifera is presented in the lower reaches of the Northern Dvina River, but here it is rare, compared to the southern part of the Arkhangelsk Region.

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