scholarly journals Study the Effect of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in solid media in comparison with common Fungicide

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Solid Media

A study carried out for study effect of furfural that extracted from corn cobs by using specialized reaction system laboratory on phytopathogenic fungi: Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani in addition to biocontrol fungus Trichoderma viride were isolated from infected plants and from their rhizosphere . The preparation results of different concentrations from stock solution in concentration 1% of furflural showed that The concentration was 100 ppm of furfural was inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum46.7 % and the was in concentration 400 ppm. while the concentration 500 ppm caused inhibition 50% and 41.1% of R. solani and F. solani respectively. Whereas the concentration 500 ppm didn’t cause inhibition of M.phaseolina. The concentration 1500 ppm caused the complete inhibition of R. solani and M.phaseolina .Also the concentration 500 ppm of furfural caused46.7 % inhibition of T.viride and complete inhibition in the concentration 1500 ppm .However complete inhibition of F. solani in the concentration 2500 ppm. The concentration 25ppm active ingredient (a. i.) of Ridomil caused 100% inhibition of P. aphanidermatum, while The concentration 20 ppm active ingredient (a. i.)of Benomyl caused 100% inhibition of R. solani and M. phaseolina, and 25ppm active ingredient (a. i.) caused 100% inhibition of F.solani. There was no effect of heat treatment (121C0) on furfural activity against the fungi .

scholarly journals The toxicity of jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.] canatoxin to plant pathogenic fungi

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. A. OLIVEIRA ◽  
V. M. GOMES ◽  
M. P. SALES ◽  
K. V. S. FERNANDES ◽  
C. R. CARLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Toxic Protein ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis

Protein fractions obtained from seeds of the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) as well as the amino acid canavanine, present in these seeds, were tested for their capacity to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum. We found that most of the proteins examined and also canavanine did not have any effect on the growth of these fungi. On the other hand the toxic protein canatoxin was found to be effective, at a concentration of 2%, in the inhibition of the growth of M. phaseolina, C. gloesporioides and S. rolfsii.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi by the Barley Cystatin Hv-CPI (Gene Icy) Is Not Associated with Its Cysteine-Proteinase Inhibitory Properties

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martínez ◽  
E. López-Solanilla ◽  
P. Rodríguez-Palenzuela ◽  
P. Carbonero ◽  
I. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola

The recombinant barley cystatin Hv-CPI inhibited the growth of three phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum graminicola, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina) and the saprotrophic fungus Trichoderma viride. Several mutants of barley cystatin were generated by polymerase chain reaction approaches and both their anti-fungal and their cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties investigated. Point mutants R38→G, Q63→L, and Q63→P diminished their capacity for inhibiting papain and cathepsin B, retaining their antifungal properties. However, mutant C68→G was more active for papain and cathepsin B than the wild type. These results indicate that in addition to the consensus cystatin-reactive site, Q63-V64-V65-A66-G67, the A37-R38-F39-A40-V41 region, common to all cereal cystatins, and the C68 residue are important for barley cystatin activity. On the other hand, the K92→P mutant is inactive as a fungicide, but still retains measurable inhibitory activity for papain and cathepsin B. Against B. cinerea, the antifungal effect of Hv-CPI and of its derived mutants does not always correlate with their activities as proteinase inhibitors, because the Q63→P mutant is inactive as a cystatin, while still inhibiting fungal growth, and the K92→P mutant shows the reciprocal effects. These data indicate that inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by barley cystatin is not associated with its cysteine-proteinase inhibitory activity. Moreover, these results are corroborated by the absence of inhibition of intra- and extramycelia-proteinase activities by barley cystatin and by other well-known inhibitors of cysteine-proteinase activity in the fungal zymograms of B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Names of phytopathogenic fungi: a practical guide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro W Crous ◽  
Amy Y Rossman ◽  
Catherine Aime ◽  
Cavan Allen ◽  
Treena Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
As Species

Names of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes are essential to communicate knowledge about species and their biology, control, and quarantine as well as for trade and research purposes. Many plant pathogenic fungi are pleomorphic, meaning that they produce different asexual (anamorph) and sexual (teleomorph) morphs in their lifecycles. Because of this, more than one name has been applied to different morphs of the same species, which has confused users of names. The onset of DNA technologies makes it possible to connect different morphs of the same species, resulting in a move to a more natural classification system for fungi, in which a single name for a genus as well as species can now be used. The move to a single nomenclature, as well as the advent of molecular phylogeny and the introduction of polythetic taxonomic approaches has been the main driving force for the re-classification of fungi, including pathogens. Nonetheless, finding the correct name for species remains challenging, but there is a series of steps or considerations that could greatly simplify this process, as outlined here. In addition to various online databases and resources, a list of accurate names is herewith provided of the accepted names of the most common genera and species of phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CHAETOMIUM CUPREUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Sharmila Tirumale ◽  
Nazir Wani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Objective: This study evaluated the Chaetomium cupreum extracts as biocontrol agents against four plant pathogenic fungi (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis azadirachtae, and Rhizoctonia solani).Method: The antifungal activity of n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. cupreum was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi using food poison method.Result: In n-butanol extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 88.3±0.1, F. oxysporum was 59.4±0.2, R. solani was 56.2±0.9, and P. azadirachtae was 52.0±0.1at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. In ethyl acetate extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 86.0±0.5, F. oxysporum was 66.4±0.1, P. azadirachtae was 55.2±0.9, and R. solani was 52.0±0.1 at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: It was found that n-butanol extract is more effective than ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum. Future studies will focus on the purification and characterization of compounds of C. cupreum and their biocontrol capacity with the mechanism for plant pathological applications.

scholarly journals Cutinase in Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus: suppression of cutinase gene expression in isogenic hypovirulent strains containing double-stranded RNAs.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4539-4544 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Varley ◽  
G K Podila ◽  
S T Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Plant Cuticles ◽  
Isogenic Strains

Plant-pathogenic fungi produce cutinase, an enzyme required to degrade plant cuticles and facilitate penetration into the host. The absence of cutinase or a decrease in its production has been associated with a decrease in pathogenicity of the fungus. A set of isogenic strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus, was tested for the presence and amounts of cutinase activity. The virulent strain of C. parasitica produced and secreted significantly higher amounts of cutinase than the hypovirulent strains. Use of both nucleic acid and polyclonal antibody probes for cutinase from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi showed that cutinase in C. parasitica is 25 kDa in size and is coded by a 1.1-kb mRNA. Both mRNA and protein were inducible by cutin hydrolysate, while hypovirulence agents suppressed the level of mRNA and the enzyme. Since all the strains had the cutinase gene, the suppression of expression was due to the hypovirulence agents. The data presented are the first report indicating that hypovirulence agents in C. parasitica regulate a gene associated with pathogenicity in other plant-pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Diversity and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi at Al-Qassim Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Nahla Tharwat Elazab
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Wide Range

In recent year’s endophytic fungi has become a major concern on their host plants by enhancing their growth, increasing their fitness, strengthening their tolerances to abiotic and biotic stresses, and promoting their accumulation of secondary metabolites. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a wide range of flora which may be a rich source of endophytic fungi so that, the present study involves diversity and bioactivity of the endophytic fungal community in Al-Qassim region from 15 wild plants 162 isolates were obtained and identified. Among them, the most common isolates were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ochraceous and Trichoderma viride, these four endophytic isolates were examined for its antagonistic effect against six phytopathogenic fungi using two different assays, Dual-culture and Culture filtrate. Trichoderma viride recorded the most significant growth inhibition of almost pathogenic fungi followed by the three endophytic Aspergillus spp. In addition, these four endophytic fungi were screened for the production of some extracellular enzymes such as protease, cellulose, amylase, pectinase and xylanase. Our results show the ability of these isolates to produce these extracellular enzymes so this indicated the possible role of endophytic fungi as a biocontrol agent of plant disease.

scholarly journals Preliminary checklist of phytopathogenic fungi in Sikkim, India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Present Understanding

Sikkim is an Indian state with unique cultural and natural landscape. Being rich in bioresources, earlier biodiversity explorations have led to enumeration of varied flora and fauna. However, fungi being an important biodiversity component, and especially, the fungal phytopathogens having potential of impacting human economy and food security, present understanding is needed to make vision for the future. In this regard, past works (1877-2011) on phytopathogenic fungi reported from Sikkim were surveyed. In this manuscript, 98 species of plant pathogenic fungi (including anamorphs) under 76 genera are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the species is provided herewith. Further updates will be added in the subsequent versions of the publication.

scholarly journals Heterologous Production of β-Caryophyllene and Evaluation of Its Activity against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Fabienne Hilgers ◽  
Samer S. Habash ◽  
Anita Loeschcke ◽  
Yannic Sebastian Ackermann ◽  
Stefan Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rhodobacter Capsulatus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Natural Agents

Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups within the class of secondary metabolites, comprising over 80,000 compounds. They not only exhibit important functions in plant physiology but also have commercial potential in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors due to their promising properties, including various bioactivities against pathogens, inflammations, and cancer. In this work, we therefore aimed to implement the plant sesquiterpenoid pathway leading to β-caryophyllene in the heterologous host Rhodobacter capsulatus and achieved a maximum production of 139 ± 31 mg L−1 culture. As this sesquiterpene offers various beneficial anti-phytopathogenic activities, we evaluated the bioactivity of β-caryophyllene and its oxygenated derivative β-caryophyllene oxide against different phytopathogenic fungi. Here, both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum by up to 40%, while growth of Alternaria brassicicola was only slightly affected, and Phoma lingam and Rhizoctonia solani were unaffected. At the same time, the compounds showed a promising low inhibitory profile for a variety of plant growth-promoting bacteria at suitable compound concentrations. Our observations thus give a first indication that β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide are promising natural agents, which might be applicable for the management of certain plant pathogenic fungi in agricultural crop production.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Fungal Plant Pathogens by Aqueous Extracts of Arum cyreniacum

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Abdulrraziq ◽  
Sami M. Salih ◽  
Sultan F. Alnomasy ◽  
Ziyad M. Aldosari ◽  
Bader S. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
The Family

Arum cyreniacum is an important member of the family of Araceae because of its bio-activities. Hence this work aimed to establish a link between Arum cyreniacum and its uses as bio-control against plant pathogenic fungi which had never hitherto been established. This work was carried out to evaluate the activity of the aqueous extracts of tubers, leaves, and flowers of Arum cyreniacum against three different types of pathogenic fungi, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus microspores and Aspergillus niger. The antifungal activity of the aqueous extracts of Arum cyreniacum was determined by poisoned food technique. The results showed that Arum cyreniacum had an inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner on Fusarium solani, Rhizopus microspores, while Aspergillus niger was resistant to all extracts. However, the great inhibition activity against tested fungi was associated with increasing concentrations of the aqueous extracts of Arum cyreniacum. Data in this work indicated that the use of Arum cyreniacum could be a valid alternative for bio-control of plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Potentials of Selected Soil Fungi Against Three Pathogenic Fungi of Tagetes Erecta L. and T. Patula L

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Aktar ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Three antagonistic fungi were isolated from the field soil of blight infected Tagetes spp. by serial dilution method. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. Antagonistic potentiality of aforesaid fungi were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi of Tageteserecta L. and T. patula L. following "dual culture colony interaction" and volatile and nonvolatile metabolites. The pathogenic fungi were A. alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus and Curvularia lunata. In dual culture colony interaction, out of three soil fungi, T. viride showed the highest growth inhibition on A. alternata (71.03%), A. fumigatus (38.49%) and C. lunata (60.71%). The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata (74.55%) was observed with the culture filtrates of T. viride owing to volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus (37.43%) was observed with the culture filtrates of A. flavus owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of C. lunata was observed with the culture filtrates of A. niger owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata was observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. nigera and T. viride at all concentrations. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus was also observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. niger at all concentrations. Aspergillus niger and T. viride may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against blight pathogens of T. erecta and T. patula. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 147-153, 2020 (July)

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