scholarly journals MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL FOR LITERARY ANALYSIS. MEASURING HAPPINESS – A CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEFINITION OF HAPPINESS IN STANISŁAW LEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Sierotowicz ◽  
Tomasz Sierotowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Stanislaw Lem ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Happiness and its determinants have been the subject of scientific inquiries as early as in the works of Aristotle. It has appeared in many fields of science. For example, in economics, Frank Knight indicated happiness as one of the three main factors of business success (1921). Nowadays, positive psychology also deals with success. Happiness is therefore an important success factor, not only in business, but also in the real life, career, and development of every human being (Brickman et al. 2016; Seligman 2005). Aim: The main research problem, as a case study, was to identify a definition of happiness, which would provide the opportunity to formulate a mathematical model, thus making it possible to measure levels of happiness. Materials and methods: Literature reviews on the definition of happiness were conducted to achieve the main aim. They resulted in identifying the proposals of Stanisław Lem, who in his futuristic works not only offers a definition of happiness but also describes a unit of its measurement and provides a recipe for it. This became the basis for designing a computer simulation of the definition of happiness as a kind of human experience. Results: A newly designed mathematical model was formulated that describes levels of happiness from a quantitative point of view, including a unit of its measurement. Conclusion: The designed mathematical model is complete and is the first example of the implementation of the definition of happiness described in literature. It is also the first step in the mathematical approach to happiness becoming the most important factor of human work, development, and success

scholarly journals O sędziach pokoju w pracach Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-280
Author(s):  
Mariusz Mohyluk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Justices Of The Peace ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article presents work on the unification of the Polish judiciary in the Second Republic in the years 1918–1928. It was carried out in three tracks. The initiator of the first moves consisting in unification of district regulations, reorganisation and taking over the judiciary was the government and the Ministry of Justice. Since February 1919, these measures were supported and approved by the Legislative Sejm (later the Sejm). Since November 1919 the burden of work was taken over by the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland. The aim of this article is to discuss the course of work on the law on the system of common courts within the Codification Committee of the Republic of Poland, with particular emphasis on the provisions on justices of the peace. From this point of view, it will help to solve the main research problem of the article: to what extent did the Polish Codification Commission contribute to shaping the institution of justices of the peace in the Ordinance of the President of the Republic of Poland on Law on the System of Judiciary of 6 February 1928. The article makes use of archival materials, protocols from the sessions of the Codification Commission of the Second Polish Republic, the legal literature of the Second Republic and the current literature on the subject.

scholarly journals The Tourism–Landscape Nexus: Assessment and Insights from a Bibliographic Analysis

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Sabrina Meneghello
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Definition Of

Over the last two decades, the awareness about landscape as a common good and the definition of tourism as a relevant driver of territorial development have both increased contributions to contemporary reflections on places and mobilities. From a scientific point of view, the need for structured contributions on the “landscape–tourism” nexus has been stressed. In fact, tourism and landscape studies are fed by many disciplines, often returning sectorial articles, sometimes lacking in organicity. Considering recent literary reviews carried out through bibliometric and content analyses, the present paper intends to map different ways of defining and understanding this complex interrelation as it emerges from the main research areas. From geographical contributions to managerial perspectives addressing destination planning and development, and from sociological non-representational to actor network theories applied to tourism, among others, the nexus is faced by approaches and concepts that are both specific and recurrent. Expressions such as “tourist landscape”, “tourism landscape”, “touristscape” with their different meanings orient this literary investigation informing a tentative conceptual framework where interrelated spatial, social, and symbolic dimensions emerge with a key definitional role. The general aim was to possibly enrich the reflection on this relationship, providing new definitional contributions and conceptual frameworks able to coherently influence both theory and practice.

scholarly journals Zagrożenia jako główna determinanta bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rogozińska
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Scientific Cognition ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Definition Of

The essence of international security concerns the possibility of counteracting threats created by other entities, creating conditions for its stable and harmonious functioning and development, and securing the values and interests of the state. The aim of the article is to identify the definition of international security and to diagnose contemporary threats to international security. The main research problem was formulated in the form of the question: What are the theoretical aspects of contemporary threats to international security? In the research process, the methodology of scientific cognition was used, including mainly the analysis and criticism of literature.

scholarly journals Existence Results for Integral Equations and Boundary Value Problems via Fixed Point Theorems for GeneralizedF-Contractions inb-Metric-Like Spaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Joshi ◽  
Deepak Singh ◽  
Adrian Petruşel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Fixed Point Theorems ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Existence Results ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existence Of A Solution ◽  
Equation Problem

In this paper, we introduce some new classes of generalizedF-contractions and we establish certain fixed point results for such mappings in the setting ofb-metric-like spaces. Some examples will illustrate the results and the corresponding computer simulations are suggestive from the output point of view. A second purpose of the paper is to apply the abstract results in the study of the existence of a solution for an integral equation problem and for a boundary value problem related to a real life mathematical model, namely, the problem of conversion of solar energy to electrical energy. Our study is concluded with an open problem, related to an integrodifferential equation arising in the study of electrical and electronics circuit analysis.

scholarly journals Translatological perspective of the concept of terminological doublet reflection in the context of teaching specialized translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
R. M. Shamilov
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

The article attempts to ground the importance of developing by the future translators/interpreters dealing in specialized translation the skill of consideration of peculiarities of a communicative situation of specialized translation. The necessity of developing this important translation skill seems natural since it is dictated by the circumstances of realizability of translation activity which is always carried out in a certain communicative situation. The particularity of each communicative situation of specialized translation conditions the linguistic composition of a target text which may vary from one communicative situation to another from either the formal and structural or contextual and conceptual point of view. To prove the fairness of his assertions the author, in particular, appeals to the concept of terminological synonymy/terminological doublet reflection and studies it through the prism of theoretical principles of communicative and functional approach to translation. Such a translatological view of the synonymy/doublet reflection helps the author to find a balance between opposite ways of understanding of this concept by various terminologists and offer a general translatological definition of doublet terms. This definition is fully responsive to a whole variety of communicative situations of specialized translation the particularity of which in each single case instead of a source standardized term may condition in a target language the use of its doublet represented by a professionalism, substandard language unit, conversation vocabulary unit, jargonism, dialectism, slang. Such real life examples of fulfilling professional translation activity as well as others worth becoming subjects of separate researches which contribute to the confirmation of the fact that the translators/interpreters behavior, the progress of a translation process and its result depend on the peculiarities of a certain communicative situation of specialized translation, should be taken into account when teaching students translation from the very first practical studies of specialized translation. Securing the achievement of the goal of acquiring by the students the ability of analyzing and considering the particularity of the given communicative situation in which he/she is supposed to make a translation of a specialized text should be listed among the competencies of a translator trainer.

Risk and protective factors in the school environment. Case study of two former charges of social rehabilitation centres

2021 ◽  
Vol 601 (7) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jaros
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Close Relationship

The article discusses the issue of the risk and protective factors in the school environment of women who, during their adolescence, were formally controlled by the institutions of the system to prevent the demoralization of children and adolescents. The theoretical basis for the analyses was the concept of resilience. The main research problem is presented in the following question: What (risk and protective) factors occur in individual experiences of women – former charges of social rehabilitation centres. The study used the method of individual cases, while the technique of obtaining data was an autobiographical narrative interview. Based on the analysis of the obtained material, risk and protective factors in the school environment of narrators were listed. The configuration of these factors was reconstructed and their protective or risky value from the point of view of the development of the demoralization process was estimated. The most important conclusion is that the same factors (close relationship with a teacher, inadequate education) constituted a different value in the narrators' lives. The studies also showed the processual nature of the formation of the cumulative risk in the school environment. The conclusions confirm the importance of a case-by-case approach in assessing the value on individual (protective and risk) factors.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

DEFINITION OF THE PUBLIC SECURITY AND ORDERLINESS ENSURING MECHANISM IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Marina Aleksandrovna Kalievskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Security ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Institu Tions ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Definition Of

In this article, a model of the mechanism of ensuring public security and orderliness in accordance with the principles and tasks of the relevant institu- tions in public administration, taking into account resources, technologies, mea- sures for the state policy implementation in the spheres of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order. It was found that ensuring public security and order in Ukraine is a mechanism for the implementation of national goals of state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, by defining tasks according to certain principles. The idea is that if one considers the state policy in the spheres of ensuring the protec- tion of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combat- ing crime, maintaining public security and order as a national priority (purpose, task), then the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine needs coordination with the state development strategy. From the point of view of the implementation of the state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of hu- man rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine can be considered as the main system providing intercon- nection such elements as institutions (implementing the specified state policy), resources (human resources, logistical, natural and so on, with the help of which it is possible to implement state policy), technologies (skills, knowledge, means and so on the implementation of state policy), measures (action plans), as well as external (internal) threats.

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