Physical Evaluation of Insole Materials Used to Treat the Diabetic Foot

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Camp Faulí ◽  
Cristina Llobell Andrés ◽  
Norberto Porta Rosas ◽  
Maria José Fernández ◽  
Enrique Montiel Parreño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Cellular Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The selection of materials for the production of multilayer insoles for diabetic feet is a difficult task owing to the lack of technical information about these materials. Therefore, objective criteria were established for the selection of these materials. Methods: Mechanical- and comfort-related tests for the mechanical characterization of different materials and their combinations were considered. These tests were conducted according to standardized test methods for polymeric cellular materials. Results: Criteria for the use of cellular materials were obtained. The properties of accommodation, cushioning, and filling materials were established and the most adequate polymer nature for each of the three applications was identified. Variables that affect the properties of these material combinations were studied. Conclusions: These test results will allow podiatrists to select insoles in a more objective way, thus achieving a more successful treatment for diabetic foot-related injuries. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(3): 229–238, 2008)

Consistency as the True Measure of Cleanroom Wiper Quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kalelkar ◽  
Jay Postlewaite
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Single Data ◽  
True Measure ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Selection Of

Cleanroom wipers have long played an indispensable role in managing contamination in controlled environments. From wiping residues on hard surfaces to applying cleaning solutions, wipers perform a variety of tasks that help maintain the cleanliness levels desired in a given cleanroom environment. This makes the selection of cleanroom wipers a critical decision in any controlled environment. One common way to distinguish between cleanroom wipers of similar structural design is to compare test results across a variety of criteria, according to recommended practices by organizations such as the IEST. However, these results are typically listed as single data points for a given test and are meant to indicate either "typical values," or even target specifications, in some instances. This approach is inherently limited and ineffective in assessing the true levels of cleanliness of a given wiper product. In this study, we review the test methods that are used to evaluate cleanroom wipers and present a new and improved approach by which users can evaluate their cleanliness. We provide a framework by which the consistency of the cleanliness of cleanroom wipers can be assessed in a statistically relevant manner. Finally, we demonstrate the value of using consistency of test results rather than a singular test result as the true measure of wiper quality.

scholarly journals Test methods development of biomechanics of human movement utilizing the kinesiological electromyography

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Bartosz Wieczorek ◽  
Łukasz Warguła
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the issues concerning the development of methods for performing human biomechanics research utilizing kinesiological electromyography. The procedures concerning the selection of the location of electrodes, patient preparation for testing, conducting the experiment and the development of measurement results are dis-cussed in detail. Selected preliminary test results were also presented.

A Few Aspects on Lubricant Selection for Stepless Chain Coverters: Efficiency and Service Life

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schönnenbeck
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Friction Disk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Stepless vehicle drives will assume their place next to automatic switching units throughout the world if they meet their expected fuel-saving potential. This necessitates optimizing the individual components of the CVT as regards their efficiency. The main source of losses are the hydraulic supply units and the losses which result specifically from non-positive transmission. In the case of stepless chain conveners, these result mainly from friction disk deformation. These losses account for 50 to 70 % of total CVT losses. Both loss components are influenced by the lubricant to a significantly greater extent than it would appear at first sight: In the case of fully-hydraulic clamping and control systems, the viscosity and its long-term stability determines the degree of leakage losses and therefore the size of the pump or pump combinations. This applies to pressure levels between 20 and 40 bar. This in turn is directly proportional to the hydraulic losses on the CVT. The friction coefficient of the lubricant determines the level of the necessary clamping forces. These are responsible for friction-disk deformation. Also of importance as far as the selection of lubricant is concerned is its influence on the CVT service life. The critical service life limits for chain converters are chain breakage (not the subject of this report) and evidence of wear, i.e. grey staining, sheave-grooving, pitting, scoring and rocker pin wear. Standardized test methods exist at P.I.V. for both wear manifestations and for the friction coefficient, these tests allowing a targeted selection of lubricants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Material Stiffness on Injection Moulded Microspecimens Using Different Test Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Drummer ◽  
Andreas Seefried ◽  
Steve Meister
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Standard Specimen ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Material Behaviour ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Internal Properties ◽  
Induced Changes

Injection moulding of polymer microparts can result in modified material behaviour due to process-induced changes in the internal properties. Thus, a transfer of the mechanical material properties in microparts, determined and valid on standardized test specimens, is only partially possible and should be verified on microtest specimens. This paper investigates both tensile and bending test methods for a suitable characterization of material stiffness in polymer microparts. For this purpose a down-scaled standard specimen is used and tested with different testing methods. The investigations reveal that the different testing methods result in comparable mechanical values. The effects of process-induced modified mechanical behaviour are observable in the investigated testing methods. Consequently, a microbending test is potentially a suitable method for characterizing material stiffness using microspecimens.

scholarly journals Nitinol Type Alloys General Characteristics and Applications in Endodontics

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Leszek A. Dobrzański ◽  
Lech B. Dobrzański ◽  
Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz ◽  
Joanna Dobrzańska
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Atomic Concentration ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of

A very extensive literature review presents the possibilities and needs of using, in endodontics, the alloys commonly known as nitinol. Nitinol, as the most modern group of engineering materials used to develop root canals, is equilibrium nickel and titanium alloys in terms of the elements’ atomic concentration, or very similar. The main audience of this paper is engineers, tool designers and manufacturers, PhD students, and students of materials and manufacturing engineering but this article can also certainly be used by dentists. The paper aims to present a full material science characterization of the structure and properties of nitinol alloys and to discuss all structural phenomena that determine the performance properties of these alloys, including those applied to manufacture the endodontic tools. The paper presents the selection of these alloys’ chemical composition and processing conditions and their importance in the endodontic treatment of teeth. The results of laboratory studies on the analysis of changes during the sterilization of endodontic instruments made of nitinol alloys are also included. The summary of all the literature analyses is an SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and is a forecast of the development strategy of this material in a specific application such as endodontics.

A Study Of The Composition Uniformity, Electrical And Spectroscopic Properties Of CdZnTe Detectors

1997 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-A. Gagliardi ◽  
S. Nenonen ◽  
T. Gagliardi ◽  
K. T. Hjelt ◽  
M. Juvonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cdznte Detector ◽  
Final Performance ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Cdznte Detectors ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe electrical and charge collection properties of a semiconductor detector play an important role in a spectrometer's final performance. However, the studies of these properties often concentrate on only a few samples. In this work over 100 CdZnTe detectors from 12 different growth boules were characterized with one of the following test methods. The composition uniformity was evaluated with low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. From the current-voltage characteristics the differences in CdZnTe detector resistivities were investigated. Charge collection properties, μτ-products, and energy resolutions were characterized with spectroscopic methods using an alpha and isotopic sources. A wide selection of test results are presented indicating the variety of CdZnTe material.

Some Observations on Rubber Testing

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
J. R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The subject of rubber testing and its standardization has received so much attention in recent years, that some apology might seem necessary for discussing it further. A few years ago the present writer had occasion to call attention to several respects in which existing test methods showed unnecessary lack of uniformity (Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind., 5, 139 (1929)), and it must be admitted that this lack of uniformity still persists to a great extent, with a corresponding loss in the value of published test results. It is the object of the present note to call attention more particularly to some unsatisfactory features in the selection of the “best” or “optimum” cure of a mix for purposes of comparison with other mixes. It is scarcely necessary to emphasize the fact that in comparing the properties of different mixings, as in examining the effects of fillers, accelerators, antioxidants, softeners, etc., all the mixings must be vulcanized to comparable states of cure. Nevertheless, an examination of published data shows that often insufficient attention is paid to ensuring strict comparability. For instance, it is not uncommon to find the effect of fillers examined by taking an accelerated base stock, adding the fillers to it, and vulcanizing all the resulting mixings for the same time, it being assumed that the fillers do not affect rate of cure. This assumption is not justifiable, even in the case of seemingly inert materials. An obvious case is that of gas black, which, though chemically inert, retards vulcanization in presence of organic accelerators. Moreover, such “inert” materials as barytes, blanc fixe, whiting, and strontium sulfate may markedly alter the rate of cure. Thus, in some experiments made by the writer, a base mix accelerated with dephenylguanidine (0.75% on the rubber) gave optimum mechanical properties after 90 minutes at 141° C., but mixings containing the fillers mentioned had optimum curing times ranging from 65 to 110 minutes. The writer has, indeed, come across a filler consisting of a very inert compound, which nevertheless completely puts out of action the most powerful organic accelerators. It is thus clearly unsafe to assume that any material will be inert as regards its effect on rate of vulcanization, whether in presence of an organic accelerator or not.

scholarly journals Development of Novel Test Specimens for Characterization of Multi-Material Parts Manufactured by Material Extrusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen Watschke ◽  
Lennart Waalkes ◽  
Christian Schumacher ◽  
Thomas Vietor
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Bonding Quality ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Lap Shear

Multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) offers new design opportunities for functional integration and opens new possibilities in innovative part design, for example, regarding the integration of damping or conductive structures. However, there are no standardized test methods, and thus test specimens that provide information about the bonding quality of two materials printed together. As a result, a consideration of these new design potentials in conceptual design is hardly possible. As material extrusion (ME) allows easily combination of multiple polymeric materials in one part, it is chosen as an AM technique for this contribution. Based on a literature review of commonly used standards for polymer testing, novel test specimens are developed for the characterization of the bonding quality of two ME standard materials printed together. The proposed specimen geometries are manufactured without a variation of process parameters. The load types investigated in the course of this study were selected as examples and are tensile, lap-shear, and compression-shear. The conducted tests show that the proposed test specimens enable a quantification of the bonding quality in the material transition. Moreover, by analyzing the fracture pattern of the interface zone, influencing factors that probably affect the interface strength are identified, which can be further used for its optimization.

Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metal Machinability

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 442-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
A.B. Draper
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
State Physics ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Rotary Table ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Selection Of

The industrial characterization of the machinability of metals and alloys has always been a very arbitrarily defined property, subject to the selection of various reference or test materials; and the adoption of rather naive and misleading interpretations and standards. However, it seems reasonable to assume that with the present state of knowledge of materials properties, and the current theories of solid state physics, more basic guidelines for machinability characterization might be established on the basis of the residual machined microstructures. This approach was originally pursued by Draper; and our presentation here will simply reflect an exposition and extension of this research.The technique consists initially in the production of machined chips of a desired test material on a horizontal milling machine with the workpiece (specimen) mounted on a rotary table vice. A single cut of a specified depth is taken from the workpiece (0.25 in. wide) each at a new tool location.

Implementasi Voip Server Berbasis IPV6 Dengan Raspberry PI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Rabbai San Arif ◽  
Yuli Fitrisia ◽  
Agus Urip Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ipv6 Network ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a telecommunications technology that is able to pass the communication service in Internet Protocol networks so as to allow communicating between users in an IP network. However VoIP technology still has weakness in the Quality of Service (QoS). VOPI weaknesses is affected by the selection of the physical servers used. In this research, VoIP is configured on Linux operating system with Asterisk as VoIP application server and integrated on a Raspberry Pi by using wired and wireless network as the transmission medium. Because of depletion of IPv4 capacity that can be used on the network, it needs to be applied to VoIP system using the IPv6 network protocol with supports devices. The test results by using a wired transmission medium that has obtained are the average delay is 117.851 ms, jitter is 5.796 ms, packet loss is 0.38%, throughput is 962.861 kbps, 8.33% of CPU usage and 59.33% of memory usage. The analysis shows that the wired transmission media is better than the wireless transmission media and wireless-wired.

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