The Diffusion of Institutions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Spolaore ◽  
Romain Wacziarg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Separation Time ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
Institutional Innovations

This chapter explores the fundamental drivers of economic development and political institutions. It provides a novel empirical analysis of the determinants of institutional differences and the diffusion of institutional innovations across societies. A critical discussion of the recent literature is presented, documenting how economic and political outcomes are affected by traits that have deep historical and geographic roots and that are passed on from generation to generation. The hypothesis is presented that intergenerationally transmitted traits affect current outcomes by acting as barriers to the diffusion of technological and institutional innovations: a longer historical separation time between populations creates greater barriers. Hence, the degree of ancestral distance between a given society and the society at the frontier of institutional and technological development should be associated with higher barriers and lower adoption. This hypothesis is tested empirically with cross-country data. Empirical findings provide substantial support for the proposition that long-term historical distance from the frontier affects both current institutions and development.

scholarly journals Imperial Rule, the Imposition of Bureaucratic Institutions, and their Long-Term Legacies

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 806-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions

AbstractSignificant variation in the institutions and efficiency of public bureaucracies across countries and regions are observed. These differences could be partially responsible for divergence in the effectiveness of policy implementation, corruption levels, and economic development. Do imperial legacies contribute to the observed variation in the organization of public administrations? Historical foreign rule and colonization have been shown to have lasting effects on legal systems, political institutions, and trade in former controlled territories. Imperial legacies could also explain variations in the performance of public administrations. The author uses the case of Poland to investigate the long-term effects of foreign rule on bureaucratic systems. Historically, Poland was split between three imperial powers with very different public administrations: Prussia, Austria, and Russia. Statistical analyses of original data collected through a survey of more than 650 Polish public administrations suggest that some present-day differences in the organization and efficiency of bureaucracies are due to imperial legacies.

Internationalization, institutions, and political change

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Garrett ◽  
Peter Lange
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The One ◽  
Induced Changes

Many analysts associate internationalization of markets with wide-ranging changes in domestic politics. An “open polity” approach shows how extant domestic institutions mediate in this relationship between internationally induced changes in domestic actors' policy preferences, on the one hand, and national policy and institutional outcomes on the other. The nature of labor unions and formal political institutions often results in political outcomes that differ significantly from those that would ensue if outcomes simply mirrored preference changes. In addition, while existing institutions may sometimes constrain governments from pursuing policies that would improve long-term economic performance, governments will often fail to change these institutions because of short-term political considerations.

scholarly journals Diversity of economic development in Portuguese-speaking countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Mikhail Savelyev ◽  
Elena Kutyashova ◽  
Andrey Savchenko ◽  
Vladimir Koretsky ◽  
Yuri Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Historical Periods

The rates of growth and stability of economic development of the countries of the Portuguese world in the years 1870-2018 are investigated. The comparison has been carried out for 15 economic cycles, which are grouped into following historical periods: monarchical, dictatorial and democratic. The developed method for researching economic development policies makes it possible to quantitatively assess the historical fate of territories in terms of growth and risk. The indicators of the standard deviation of the growth rates of real gross domestic product were used as an indicator of sustainability. The features of progressive, regressive, conservative and aggressive policies of economic development are described. It is shown that during the entire studied period, only Spain which is beyond the Portuguese-speaking word demonstrated similarity in development with Portugal. Brazil's development trend deviated from the metropolis after 130 years of independence and 60 years of obvious institutional differences. African colonies in their turn immediately began to demonstrate a drastically different development policy. This proves that culture has a more significant and long-term impact on economic development than state and social institutions. The results obtained show that the Portuguese world has not formed a separate civilization with special and peculiar traits to be united with the common historical fate.

scholarly journals Challenges and Problems in the Kosovo Reality Related to Foreign Direct Investment

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
MSc. Nexhat Shkodra ◽  
MSc. Nermin Xhemili ◽  
Dr.Sc. Myrvete Badivuku-Pantina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Service Projects ◽  
Local Company ◽  
A Company

Economic development is a goal aspired by many countries of the world, Kosovo included. In attaining such goals, many countries face numerous difficulties. Amongst the most often taken paths by various countries is the attraction of foreign direct investments to the country.The term investment includes a wide range of human activities in engaging financial means into one of the areas: immoveable property, bonds and shares, manufacturing and service projects, scientific research, technological development, personnel education, etc.Different from internal investment which is engaged by domestic investors in their own territories, Foreign Direct Investment, the topic of our study, is a form of investment which generates revenues by a company in the country and an affiliate branch outside the investor’s seat. Foreign Direct Investments generate relations through the local company and its branches outside the country. Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) are considered to be a strength giving life to economic development of a country, and especially the developing countries.They have an important role to play in a long-term development of a country, and not only as a capital source, but also in increasing competitive abilities of the domestic economy, by technological transfers, strengthening infrastructure, increased productivity and generation of new employment opportunities.

The Related Research of Transportation and Economic Development in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 1560-1563
Author(s):  
Bang Quan Yan ◽  
Jian Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Development State ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

With the data from 1980 to 2009, this paper gave an empirical analysis on the relation of transport development and economic growth by VAR model. Research shows that since the 30 years’ reform and opening up policy of China, the transportation and economic development have got a long-term positive mutually relationship, and make a positive interactive development state.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Paul J. Quirk
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Institutional Differences

This chapter introduces a volume that compares the political systems of the United States and Canada, with special attention to the effects of political institutions, and their interaction with political values and other factors, in policymaking. It explores differences between the American presidential (or separation-of-powers) system and the Canadian parliamentary system, along with a number of further institutional differences, and assesses policymaking and outcomes in a variety of areas. Focusing on long-term characteristics, it deals mainly with the period from the mid-20th century to the present, but it also gives specific attention to recent developments, especially the Trump presidency. This introductory chapter provides a “primer” on each of the two political systems and describes the focus and objectives of each chapter.

Conditions for the Hi-tech Complex Development

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
V. Maevsky ◽  
B. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Post Industrial

A project for the long-term strategy of Russian break-through into post-industrial society is suggested which is directed at transformation of the hi-tech complex into the leading factor of economic development. The thesis is substantiated that there is an opportunity to realize such a strategy in case Russia shifts towards the mechanism of the monetary base growth generally accepted in developed countries: the Central Bank increases the quantity of "strong" money by means of purchasing state securities and allocates the increment of money in question according to budget priorities. At the same time for the realization of the said strategy it is necessary to partially restore savings lost during the hyperinflation period of 1992-1994 and default of 1998 and to secure development of the bank system as well as an increase of the volume of long-term credits on this base.

Russian Federalism at the Critical Stage of Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bukhvald
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Course

Transformations in the sphere of federal relations concern the most important directions of the reforming processes in the country. However, not all proposed and actually developing components of the federal reform seem well-argued and corresponding to long-term, strategic interests of the Russian statehood. The basic course of reform should meet the objective requirements of further decentralization of governing economic and social processes and the need to ensure strengthening the responsibility of RF subjects’ executive bodies and local self-management for steady social and economic development of their territories. The solution of these problems calls for a new model of federal policy of regional development, specification of some important components of the municipal reform as well as inserting certain amendments into the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations in order to stir up their stimulating function.

Russia’s Development Strategy: Guidelines and Restrictions

2008 ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senchagov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The core of Russia’s long-term socio-economic development strategy is represented by its conceptual basis. Having considered debating points about the essence and priority of the strategy, the author analyzes the logic and stages of its development as well as possibilities, restrictions and risks of high GDP rates of growth.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

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