scholarly journals Privatisation rescues function following loss of cooperation

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Breum Andersen ◽  
Melanie Ghoul ◽  
Rasmus L Marvig ◽  
Zhuo-Bin Lee ◽  
Søren Molin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Impact

A single cheating mutant can lead to the invasion and eventual eradication of cooperation from a population. Consequently, cheat invasion is often considered equal to extinction in empirical and theoretical studies of cooperator-cheat dynamics. But does cheat invasion necessarily equate extinction in nature? By following the social dynamics of iron metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during cystic fibrosis lung infection, we observed that individuals evolved to replace cooperation with a ‘private’ behaviour. Phenotypic assays showed that cooperative iron acquisition frequently was upregulated early in infection, which, however, increased the risk of cheat invasion. With whole-genome sequencing we showed that if, and only if, cooperative iron acquisition is lost from the population, a private system was upregulated. The benefit of upregulation depended on iron availability. These findings highlight the importance of social dynamics of natural populations and emphasizes the potential impact of past social interaction on the evolution of private traits.

scholarly journals Privatisation rescues function following loss of cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Andersen ◽  
Melanie Ghoul ◽  
Rasmus L. Marvig ◽  
Zhuo-Bin Lee ◽  
Søren Molin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Potential Impact

AbstractA single cheating mutant can lead to the invasion and eventual eradication of cooperation from a population. Consequently, cheat invasion is often considered as “game over” in empirical and theoretical studies of cooperator-cheat dynamics, especially when cooperation is necessary for fulfilling an essential function. But is cheat invasion necessarily “game over” in nature? By following a population of bacteria through loss of cooperation and beyond, we observed that individuals evolved to replace cooperation with a selfish, or “private” behaviour. Specifically, we show that when cheating caused the loss of cooperative iron acquisition in a collection ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates from cystic fibrosis patients, a private uptake system that only benefits the focal individual was upregulated. This observation highlights the importance of social dynamics of natural populations and emphasizes the potential impact of past social interaction on the evolution of private traits.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosaadaptation and diversification in the non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis lung

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1602108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Hilliam ◽  
Matthew P. Moore ◽  
Iain L. Lamont ◽  
Diana Bilton ◽  
Charles S. Haworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
The Uk

To characterisePseudomonas aeruginosapopulations during chronic lung infections of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients, we used whole-genome sequencing to 1) assess the diversity of P. aeruginosaand the prevalence of multilineage infections; 2) seek evidence for cross-infection or common source acquisition; and 3) characteriseP. aeruginosaadaptations.189 isolates, obtained from the sputa of 91 patients attending 16 adult bronchiectasis centres in the UK, were whole-genome sequenced.Bronchiectasis isolates were representative of the widerP. aeruginosapopulation. Of 24 patients from whom multiple isolates were examined, there were seven examples of multilineage infections, probably arising from multiple infection events. The number of nucleotide variants between genomes of isolates from different patients was in some cases similar to the variations observed between isolates from individual patients, implying the possible occurrence of cross-infection or common source acquisition.Our data indicate that during infections of bronchiectasis patients,P. aeruginosapopulations adapt by accumulating loss-of-function mutations, leading to changes in phenotypes including different modes of iron acquisition and variations in biofilm-associated polysaccharides. The within-population diversification suggests that larger scale longitudinal surveillance studies will be required to capture cross-infection or common source acquisition events at an early stage.

Review of The Social Dynamics of Self-Esteem: Theory to Therapy.

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Social

The Social Dynamics of Economic Development in Rural Punjab

Asian Survey ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry M. Raulet ◽  
Jogindar S. Uppal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
The Social

Conceptual foundations for the development of J.G.Turner’s general sociological theory: Metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and analytical scheme

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G.Turner. These foundations are metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and an analytical scheme. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement: social forces cause selection pressures on individuals and force them to change the patterns of their social organization and create new types of sociocultural formations to survive under these pressures. Turner systematized the basic concepts of his theorizing with the allocation of micro-, meso- and macro-levels of social reality. On this basis, he substantiated a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics. According to this scheme, the forces of macrosocial dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. These forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in altered circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained became the basis for the development of his conception of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.

Scham und Autonomie

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Intentional Content ◽  
Conceptual Clarification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conventional Behavior ◽  
And Control

Autonomy is associated with intellectual self-preservation and self-determination. Shame, on the contrary, bears a loss of approval, self-esteem and control. Being afflicted with shame, we suffer from social dependencies that by no means have been freely chosen. Moreover, undergoing various experiences of shame, our power of reflection turns out to be severly limited owing to emotional embarrassment. In both ways, shame seems to be bound to heteronomy. This situation strongly calls for conceptual clarification. For this purpose, we introduce a threestage model of self-determination which comprises i) autonomy as capability of decision-making relating to given sets of choices, ii) self-commitment in terms of setting and harmonizing goals, and iii) self-realization in compliance with some range of persistently approved goals. Accordingly, the presuppositions and distinctive marks of shame-experiences are made explicit. Within this framework, we explore the intricate relation between autonomy and shame by focusing on two questions: on what conditions could conventional behavior be considered as self-determined? How should one characterize the varying roles of actors that are involved in typical cases of shame-experiences? In this connection, we advance the thesis that the social dynamics of shame turns into ambiguous positions relating to motivation, intentional content,and actors’ roles.

Book Review: Toshchenko Zh.T. Trauma Society: Between Evolution and Revolution (The Experience of Theoretical and Empirical Analysis). Moscow: Ves’ Mir, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Trauma Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Further Development

The review reveals the basic conceptions elaborated by one of the major Russian modern sociologists Zh.T. Toshchenko in his new research. The reviewer argues that the book’s author thoroughly examines the various methodological grounds for identifying the essential characteristics of social dynamics. At the same time, the reviewer focuses on the further development of the theory of modern society, proposed by the book’s author. Thus, Zh.T. Toshchenko, who spent many years researching social deformations, formulates an important concept – the concept of a society of trauma as the third modality of social development along with evolution and revolution. The book offers a fundamentally new view of social life, there is a holistic, systematic approach to all its processes and phenomena. The reviewer concludes that the new book of the social theorist Zh.T. Toshchenko is a significant contribution to sociological theory, since it develops ideas about the state and prospects of Russian society, gives accurate assessments of all social processes.

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