Faroese wh-nominals

This paper presents a survey of Faroese wh-nominals, in particular (i) the hvør N construction, (ii) the hvat fyri (ein) N construction, and (iii) the hvat slag av N.dat construction. The first construction involves a wh-item which is used both pronominally, corresponding to English who and what, and adnominally, corresponding to English which, what (N), and what kind of. The second construction is the Faroese version of the was für/what for construction, including versions with and without an indefinite article and with and without both the preposition (fyri) and the indefinite article (i.e. a “bare what” construction). The last construction involves an overt kind noun which must be followed by the preposition av ‘of’ which in turn assigns dative case to the main/head noun. The survey is based on data collected during the NORMS fieldwork in the Faroe Islands in August 2008, focusing on a number of morphosyntactic issues as well as the semantic distinction between kind and token interpretation. The various findings on Faroese are compared to data on other varieties of Germanic, in particular the North Germanic ones.

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On variation in Faroese verb placement

Nordlyd ◽

10.7557/12.227 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. pp ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristine Bentzen ◽

Piotr Garbacz ◽

Caroline Heycock ◽

Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson

Keyword(s):

Geographical Variation ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

Font Size ◽

The South ◽

Verb Movement ◽

The North ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Age Variation ◽

Verb Placement

In this paper, we present and discuss results from an investigation of verb placement in modern Faroese in which we collected data from speakers from a number of different dialect areas in the Faroe Islands. Altogether we interviewed 54 informants, aged 15–67, 29 women and 25 men. Therefore, our study not only investigates the geographical variation claimed to be present in Faroese with respect to verb placement, but also gender and age variation. Our results indicate that verb movement in non-V2 contexts is no longer commonly available to the speakers of Faroese. However, our results also suggest that verb movement across adverbs like often and already tends to be more acceptable than movement across negation and other adverbs like never and undoubtedly. Furthermore, movement of finite auxiliaries generally receives a slightly higher score than movement of finite main verbs. Our results do not show any differences in the judgements of speakers below and above the age of 25. Contrary to Jonas (1996), we find that speakers in the North are, if anything, more likely to accept verb movement than speakers in the South.

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Thinlip grey mullet Liza ramada (Mugilidae) caught in a

Fauna norvegica ◽

10.5324/fn.v26i0.571 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Bror Jonsson ◽

Nina Jonsson

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Total Mass ◽

First Year ◽

English Channel ◽

Grey Mullet ◽

Font Size ◽

Growth Season ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

First Year Of Life

Two individuals of thinlip grey mullet Liza ramada were collected in a southern Norwegian brook (58° 22’ N, 8° 37’ E) on 12th September 2007. The fish were 8.7 and 9.0 cm in total length, 6 and 7 g in total mass, and most probably in their first year of life. The nearest known spawning area of the species is south of the English Channel, meaning that they had probably moved at least 900 km across the North Sea during their first growth season. To our knowledge, this is the first published observation of the catadromous thinlip grey mullet from a Scandinavian freshwater course.

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Obstacles and opportunities for women linguists in Scandinavia

Women in the History of Linguistics ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198754954.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 245-278

Author(s):

Tove Bull ◽

Carol Henriksen ◽

Toril Swan

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Private Education ◽

Upper Class ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

The North ◽

Nation States ◽

History Of Linguistics ◽

History Of ◽

National Languages

This chapter concerns the role played by women in the history of linguistics in the Nordic countries: Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Our main focus is on the period from the mid-sixteenth to the mid-twentieth century, a period that began with the gradual emergence of the nation states of the North and the need for the codification of common national languages. Gradually, education became more widespread, and although the first schools were for boys, private education was given in upper-class homes and was thus also accessible for girls. The first grammarians were all men, so early on it is mostly behind the scenes that we find women involved in the study of language. Once women were allowed to participate in higher education, some of them made significant contributions to linguistics. In order to understand the role played by women, it is clearly necessary to view their contributions in the context of the age and society in which they lived.

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The Role of Surface Processes in Partitioning of Strain and Uplift, St. Elias Orogen, Southern Alaska

Earth Science Research ◽

10.5539/esr.v5n1p76 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Patrick Hooks

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Surface Processes ◽

Fault System ◽

Surface Model ◽

Primary Control ◽

Strain Partitioning ◽

Font Size ◽

The North ◽

Oblique Convergence

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Three-dimensional thermo-mechanical numerical simulations of the ongoing Yakutat–North America collision are used to identify the role of surface processes in triggering localized rapid uplift, exhumation, and strain observed within the St. Elias orogen of southern Alaska. Thermochronological data reveal localized rapid exhumation associated with the Seward-Malaspina and Hubbard Glaciers within a tectonic corner structure where transpressional motion to the south along the Fairweather Fault system transitions to shortening to the north and west within the active fold-and-thrust belt of the St. Elias orogen. The modeled deformation patterns are characteristic of oblique convergence within a tectonic corner, recording the transition from simple shear to contractional strain within a zone spatially consistent with the highest exhumation rates suggesting the corner geometry is the primary control of strain partitioning.<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The relative roles of surface-related processes versus tectonics-related processes in the development of this pattern of deformation were tested with the inclusion of an erosional surface model. The presence of surface processes enhanced the uplift and development of a localized rapid exhumation. When spatially and temporally erosion models are employed, the location of maxima is shifted in response. This indicates that efficient erosion, and resultant deposition and material advection can influence the localization of strain and uplift.

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IV. Note on syringammina, a new type of arenaceous rhizopoda

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1883.0031 ◽

1883 ◽

Vol 35 (224-226) ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Keyword(s):

North Coast ◽

Boundary Line ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

The North ◽

Equal Importance ◽

Cold Area ◽

Narrow Ridge ◽

New Type ◽

The Subject ◽

Warm Region

The specimens to which the following note refers were dredged in the Faroë Channel in the autumn of last year, during the cruise of H. M. S. “Triton,” and were sent to me for examination by Mr. John Murray, F. R. S. E., under whose direction the scientific observations of the expedition were carried out. It is now a well-known fact that the region lying between the north coast of Scotland and the Faroë Islands possesses certain features of unusual interest owing to the existence, side by side, of two sharply defined areas, of which the bottom temperature differs to the extent of 16° or 17° Fahr. The depth of the two areas is very similar, ranging from 450 to 640 fathom s, and they are separated by a narrow ridge having an average depth of about 250 fathoms. The physical aspects of this phenomenon have been the subject of much discussion, and the biological conditions attendant thereupon are of almost equal importance; indeed, so far as the Rhizopoda are concerned, there are few areas of the same extent that have so well repaid the labour of investigation. On the 44 "Lightning” Expedition of 1868, supei-intended by Dr. Carpenter and Sir Wyville Thomson, the cold area furnished amongst other interesting organisms, the large Lituoline Foraminifer Reophax sabulosa , a form which has since been obtained near the same point on the cruise of the "Knight Errant," but has never been met with elsewhere. The warm area yielded at the same time Astrorhiza arenaria , a large sandy species previously unknown to British naturalists. On the "Porcupine” Expedition of 1869, another modification of the latter genus, Astrorhiza crassatina was obtained in the cold area; and near the boundary line an entirely new arenaceous type was dredged, to which the generic named Botellina has been assigned by Dr. Carpenter. From the fact that all the specimens of the form appeared more or less broken, it has been inferred that the tests were adherent when living; but the fragments were abundant and consisted of stout tubes, many of them upwards of an inch in length, the interior being subdivided by a labyrinth of irregular sandy partitions. More recently, in 1880, on the cruise of the “K night Errant,” the rare genus Storthosphœra was found in the warm region and in the cold area specimens of Cornusjpira which measured more than an inch in diameter, rivalling in size the finest of the tropical Orbitolites, and therefore amongst the largest known Porcellanoug Foraminifera.

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Rapid Holocene climate changes in the North Atlantic: evidence from lake sediments from the Faroe Islands

Boreas ◽

10.1111/j.1502-3885.2006.tb01110.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 23-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CAMILLA S. ANDRESEN ◽

SVANTE BJÖRCK ◽

MATS RUNDGREN ◽

DANIEL J. CONLEY ◽

CATHERINE JESSEN

Keyword(s):

Lake Sediments ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

Holocene Climate ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

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Den herre språkdama på de derre tekstlabben

Oslo Studies in Language ◽

10.5617/osla.8491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 87-97

Author(s):

Kristin Melum Eide ◽

Marit Julien ◽

Tor Erik Jenstad

Keyword(s):

Head Noun ◽

Complex Demonstratives ◽

Dative Case ◽

Corpus Data ◽

Different Parts

Complex demonstratives consist of a definite element (in Norwegian e.g. den or sa) followed by a deictic element which can be proximal (‘here’) or distal (‘there’). In Norwegian there is much variation in complex demonstratives, in particular in the dialects. Many dialects have demonstrative systems that differ considerably from the systems found in the standard varieties Nynorsk and Bokmål. Some systems make more distinctions than the standard varieties, for example nominative and dative case, or different forms for deictic and anaphor-ic reference, whereas other systems make fewer distinctions than the standard varieties, for example with an invariant deictic element that does not agree with the head noun in gender and number. We illustrate these systems using older and newer corpus data from different parts of the country. Our focus is however on dialects from Central Norway.

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Freden i Kiel 1814 – England, Sverige, Danmark og de nordatlantiske øer / The Treaty of Kiel 1814 – England, Sweden, Denmark and the North Atlantic Islands

Fróðskaparrit - Faroese Scientific Journal ◽

10.18602/fsj.v0i0.102 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Hans Andrias Sølvará

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

Úrtak: Ymisk ástøði hava verið sett fram um orsøkirnar til, at Føroyar, Ísland og Grønland vóru verandi undir donskum valdi eftir Friðin í Kiel, tá danska krúnan noyddist at lata Noreg frá sær til svensku krúnuna. Meðan eldri gransking hevur hildið uppá, at danski samráðingarmaðurin hevði ein høvuðsleiklut í hesum, so hevur nýggjari gransking lagt størri herðslu á leiklutin hjá Svøríki og serliga Onglandi. Tað hevur m.a. verið hildið uppá, at onglendingar í veruleikanum ætlaðu at leggja tær norðuratlantisku oyggjarnar undir ensku krúnuna, men at teir í seinastu løtu broyttu støðu og syrgdu fyri, at tær vóru verandi undir donsku krúnuni. Í hesi grein verður grundgivið fyri, at hóast tað er sannlíkt, at Ongland vildi forða fyri, at tær atlantisku oyggjarnar gjørdust svenskar, so eru eingi prógv fyri, at Ongland hevði hendan leiklutin; og at keldurnar beinleiðis tykjast mótprógva, at onglendingar høvdu nakrar ætlanir um at leggja tær norðuratlantisku oyggjarnar undir ensku krúnuna. Heldur mundi tað vera vantandi áhugi fyri norðuratlantisku oyggjunum, sum var orsøkin til, at tær vóru verandi danskar.Abstract: Different theories have been proposed to explain why the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland remained under Danish sovereignty after the Treaty of Kiel, when the Danish Crown had to give up Norway to the Swedish Crown. While older research maintains that the Danish negotiator played a key role in this, more recent research has paid more attention to the role of Sweden and especially England. It has e.g. been claimed that the English really intended to annex the North Atlantic Islands to the English Crown, but that they in the last moment changed their minds and directly caused that the islands remained under the Danish Crown. In this article, it will be argued that even if it is likely that England wanted to prevent that the Atlantic islands became Swedish, there is no evidence to support that England had this role; and that the sources directly appear to disprove that the English had any intentions to annex the North Atlantic Islands to the English Crown. It is more conceivable that a lack of interest for the North Atlantic Islands was the reason for that they remained Danish.

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Summer Abundance of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Coastal Waters of Iceland and the Faroe Islands

NAMMCO Scientific Publications ◽

10.7557/3.4939 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anita Gilles ◽

Thorvaldur Gunnlaugsson ◽

Bjarni Mikkelsen ◽

Daniel G. Pike ◽

Gísli A. Víkingsson

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Harbour Porpoise ◽

Line Transect ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

Phocoena Phocoena ◽

The North ◽

Counting Procedure ◽

Abundance Estimates ◽

By Catch ◽

The Impact

This study presents the first fully corrected abundance estimates for the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for Iceland and the Faroe Islands. In both regions reliable estimates are needed to assess the impact of by-catch and other threats to harbour porpoises. Aerial surveys with harbour porpoise as a secondary and main target species were conducted in the summers of 2007 and 2010 in Icelandic and in Faroese coastal waters respectively. In Iceland, the cue counting procedure was used (which also produces the data required for line transect analysis), while in the Faroese, standard line transect sampling was applied, following the SCANS-II (Small Cetacean Abundance in the North Sea) survey protocol. In both surveys, identical aircraft surveyed at an altitude of 600 ft and a speed of 90–100 kn. Only data collected during Beaufort Sea States (BSS) lower than 3 and during good or moderate porpoise sighting conditions were used for abundance estimates. Abundance estimates were corrected using stratified estimates of esw (incorporating g(0)) values derived during the SCANS-II survey in 2005 as principal observers took part in this survey as well. In Iceland, realised effort in good or moderate harbour porpoise sighting conditions totalled 8,289 km in 13 survey strata, where 77 sightings (109 individuals) were made by the experienced harbour porpoise observer only. In Faroese waters, only part of the area inside the 300 m depth curve could be surveyed and 1,564 km were surveyed in good or moderate porpoise sighting conditions, yielding 39 sightings (49 individuals). The total abundance estimates were 43,179 porpoises (CV=0.45; 95% CI: 31,755–161,899) for Icelandic coastal waters and 5,175 porpoises (CV=0.44; 95% CI: 3,457–17,637) for Faroese waters.

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Genetic and phenotypic differentiation of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) across the North Atlantic: implications for conservation and aquaculture

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5974 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5974 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Benjamin Alexander Whittaker ◽

Sofia Consuegra ◽

Carlos Garcia de Leaniz

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Faroe Islands ◽

Genetic Introgression ◽

East Atlantic ◽

Phenotypic Differentiation ◽

Cyclopterus Lumpus ◽

The North ◽

Over Exploitation

Demand for lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) has increased exponentially over the last decade, both for their roe, which is used as a caviar substitute, and increasingly also as cleaner fish to control sea lice in salmon farming. The species is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN and there are growing concerns that over-exploitation of wild stocks and translocation of hatchery-reared lumpfish may compromise the genetic diversity of native populations. We carried out a comparative analysis of genetic and phenotypic variation across the species’ range to estimate the level of genetic and phenotypic differentiation, and determined patterns of gene flow at spatial scales relevant to management. We found five genetically distinct groups located in the West Atlantic (USA and Canada), Mid Atlantic (Iceland), East Atlantic (Faroe Islands, Ireland, Scotland, Norway and Denmark), English Channel (England) and Baltic Sea (Sweden). Significant phenotypic differences were also found, with Baltic lumpfish growing more slowly, attaining a higher condition factor and maturing at a smaller size than North Atlantic lumpfish. Estimates of effective population size were consistently low across the North East Atlantic (Iceland, Faroe Islands and Norway), the area where most wild lumpfish are fished for their roe, and also for the aquaculture industry. Our study suggests that some lumpfish populations are very small and have low genetic diversity, which makes them particularly vulnerable to over-exploitation and genetic introgression. To protect them we advocate curtailing fishing effort, closing the breeding cycle of the species in captivity to reduce dependence on wild stocks, restricting the translocation of genetically distinct populations, and limiting the risk of farm escapes.

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