scholarly journals The Path to Neutralization: Image Schemas and Prefixed Motion Verbs

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Principled Explanation ◽  
Image Schema

This paper investigates the path image schema in Russian motion verbs. It is argued that this image schema provides a principled explanation why Russian has a contrast between unidirectional and non-directional unprefixed motion verbs, but no such contrast for prefixed verbs.

scholarly journals What is an image schema? Looking for an answer in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 142-158
Author(s):  
Marija Nikolajeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Concept Image ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Concept Location ◽  
Semantic Frames ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
The Relationship

Image schema is one of the key notions in the discussions of the semantics of spatial adpositions. The diversity of related topics and the abundance of literature on these conceptual primitives makes the concept image schema difficult to grasp. The aim of this article is to clarify this notion by explicating on some important aspects of the schematization and representation of spatial scenes using the CONTAINMENT schema as an example. The article also demonstrates that the cross-linguistic comparison of an image schema is an effective method employed to better understand the universal cognitive processes underlying language use. The article contains a comparison of the spatial functional units that express the CONTAINMENT schema in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese, a discussion of the blurriness of the boundary between the concepts containment and support and their relation to the concept location. The relationship between image schemas and semantic frames, the factors that influence schematization and the phenomenon of parallel usage of locative units are discussed too. Image schema transformations are characterized as the mechanism of extending the meanings of spatial phrases.

scholarly journals Image Schema-Based Instruction in English Grammar

2016 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Mayu Shintani
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Private University ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Grammar Teaching ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Based Instruction

Cognitive linguistics has been aimed at revealing the very nature of language for the last several decades. One of the field’s most significant contributions has been the abstraction of the general patterns, or image schemas, underlying grammatical concepts. In this paper, we propose that English grammar-teaching methods adopting image schema theory offer strong benefits for language teaching. As schematic explanations given to learners are more visible and comprehensible than ordinary verbal-based ones, this method offers a clearer and more engaging way to understand the target grammar. We also present data collected from experiments conducted with more than 400 native Japanese-speaking students at one national and one private university that support the effectiveness of this method. 認知言語学は産声をあげてここ数十年の間，人間の言語の真の姿を明らかにすることに専心してきた。この学問分野がつまびらかにしてきた数々の言語現象のうち，最も有益な成果のひとつにイメージ図式理論の構築があげられる。イメージ図式とは文法および語彙構造のひな形となるものである。本論文は認知言語学のイメージ図式理論を応用した英文法教材の学習効果を一国立大学と一私立大学に学ぶ400人以上の日本人学部生を対象に行った実験結果をもとに実証的な知見から論じている。

The source-path-goal image schema in gestures for thinking and teaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-437
Author(s):  
Robert F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Counting Problems ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Path Structure

Abstract This article examines source-path-goal image-schematic structure in gestures used to solve counting problems (gesture for thinking) and to teach children how to read a clock (gesture for teaching). The analyses illustrate how path schemas inherent in idealized cognitive models are exhibited in gesture forms and in gesture sequences and combinations, manifesting conceptual content beyond that articulated in speech. While at times the path structure is incidental, enacting part of a cognitive model that is not the focus of discourse, at other times the path structure is essential, in that listeners must perceive the source-path-goal structure in the gesture in order to construct the proper understanding. The examples support the view that image schemas at the heart of cognitive models partly motivate and structure gestures for cognitive and communicative purposes, and that listener attunement to this structure contributes to intersubjective understanding and the perpetuation of cultural practices for distributed cognition.

scholarly journals Dynamic conceptualizations of threat in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVIA KNAPTON
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Image Schema

abstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe mental health problem of a heterogeneous nature. To add to discussions around defining coherent subtypes of OCD, this paper uses qualitative, cognitive linguistic analysis to show how episodes of OCD can be differentiated based on their underlying conceptualizations of threat. Spoken narratives of OCD episodes told by people with OCD were analyzed using image schema theory and cognitive approaches to deixis in discourse. Through an exploration of the participants’ subjective experiences of time, space, and uncertainty in their recounted OCD episodes, the findings demonstrate that perceptions of threats fluctuate as OCD episodes unfold, and that it is the perceived movement (or not) of the threat that induces distress. Moreover, the dynamism of the threat is conceptualized differently for different subtypes of OCD. This variation can in part be explained by the role of two image schemas in structuring OCD episodes: the SOURCE–PATH–GOAL image schema and the CONTAINER image schema. It is argued that the blanket notion of threat as often investigated in clinical models of OCD is not sensitive enough to capture these shifting perspectives. It is thus recommended that threat perception in OCD is researched as a dynamic, evolving, and highly subjective experience.

scholarly journals The Conceptualization of English Phrasal Verbs by Greek Primary School Learners: An Empirical Cognitive Approach

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Efthymia Tsaroucha
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Image Matching ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Component Particle ◽  
The Way

This study investigates the way Greek EFL elementary students conceptualize English phrasal verbs of the form component verb (take) plus component particle (up, down, in, out, back, off, on, apart). It is suggested image schemas play a facilitatory role in the conceptualization and interpretation of the figurative meanings of English phrasal verbs. The study argues that within the phrasal verb construct, the component particle prompts for the extension from literal to figurative meanings since the particle designates image schematic experiences (bodily-kinesthetic). The study conducted two types of test: (1) meaning of the sentence and (2) image-matching from the sentence. In test 1, participants were asked to read sentences which contained the verb take plus particles and they had to select the most appropriate meaning of the phrasal verb that matched the overall meaning of the sentence. In test 2, participants were asked to read sentences wherein phrasal verbs of the form take plus particles were highlighted. They were asked to match the meaning of the phrasal verb with one image. Each image represented a different type of image schema such as container, front-back orientation and proximity-distance.

Case assignment and image schemas

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Locative Case

The notion of image schema has received a great deal of attention in cognitive linguistics. In this paper, image schemas are applied to an analysis of case assignment in Russian temporal adverbials. My focus will be on prepositional phrases headed by v ‘in’ followed by a noun phrase in the accusative or the second locative case. This approach, it is argued, facilitates the formulation of simple generalizations. While the paper focuses on data from a single language, the proposed analysis has wider ramifications for the study of case, since it is argued that that image schema-based analyses have quite general advantages over those couched in terms of distinctive features.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF HAPPINESS USING FORCE IMAGE SCHEMA IN HUNGER GAMES TRILOGY BOOKS: COGNITIVE SEMANTIC STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Dean Raiyasmi ◽  
Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Hunger Games ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Lexical Items

This research analyses the conceptualization of happiness using force image schema in hunger games trilogy books. This research is aimed at elaborating how the process of conceptualizing happiness by using force image schema and analyzing force image by using image schema and other image schema that plays an important role in determining happiness itself as force. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. The data are elaborated and described by using conceptual metaphor and force image schema. The results of the conceptualization of happiness using force image schema are occurred due to the lexical items used in each data. Even though these data are classified as happiness using force image schema, each data has different process due to the lexical items used in each sentence. Moreover, one of the data shows a complicated process which involves several image schemas to create a concept of happiness as force.

A corpus-based analysis of the verb pleróo in Ancient Greek

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Inductive Methods ◽  
Image Schema

Abstract This is a corpus-based study of the development of the verb pleróo in Ancient Greek, originally meaning fill, from the 6th c. bce in Classical Greek, up to the end of the 3rd c. bce in Hellenistic Koiné. It implements a hierarchical cluster analysis and a multiple correspondence analysis of the sum of the attested instances of pleróo of that period, divided by century. It explores the gains following a syncretism between two methodological strands: earlier introspective analyses postulating variant construals over intuitively grasped schematic configurations such as image schemas, and strictly inductive methods based on statistical analyses of correlations between co-occurring formal and semantic features. Thus, it examines the relevance of the container image-schema to the architecture of the schematic construction corresponding to the prototypical and historically preceding sense of pleróo, fill. Consequently, it observes how shifts in the featural configurations detected through statistical analysis, leading to the emergence of new senses, correspond to successive shifts on the perspectival salience of elements in the schematic construction of the verb.

A Cognitive Analysis of the PrepositionOVER: Image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-474
Author(s):  
Souma Mori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Central Image ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractDewell (1994), following Brugman (1981) and Lakoff (1987), provides a semantic analysis ofoverby relying more exclusively on image-schema transformations than did Brugman and Lakoff. The Brugman-Lakoff-Dewell analysis, however, can be improved by using simpler image-schemas, more natural image-schema transformations, and metaphorical extensions. A key idea adopted in the present article is to capture both trajectors and landmarks three-dimensionally and topologically. This modification brings about the elimination of unessential features such as the shape and size of the trajector and the landmark, contact/non-contact between the trajector and the landmark, and physical properties of the trajector. Its main advantage is that a central image-schema for a semicircular path provides the basis for explaining all of the senses ofoverusing natural image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions. The proposed image-schema transformations include: segment profiling, profiling the endpoint of access paths, the profiled peak position of the semicircular path with the constraint that the rest of the semicircular path is excluded, and the extension of the semicircular path-trajectory to an image of covering. The proposed metaphorical senses aretime, means,andcontrol.In addition, the radial category relating each sense ofoveris presented.

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