Study and Characterization of Sisal Fiber/Zein Resin Interface

The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between natural sisal fiber and zein protein resin was explored using the microbond test. Commercially available zein protein was processed into resins and their IFSS with sisal fiber was measured. Effects of sorbitol plasticizer content and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) reinforcement loading on the IFSS with the resin were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the fracture surfaces before and after the microbond test. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was utilized to map the residual resin on the sisal fiber surface after the microbond test. The results showed that sisal fiber/ zein IFSS decreased with sorbitol content. At 20 wt% sorbitol content 53% decrease in IFSS was observed. IFSS increased with MFC loading from 1.32 MPa (control) to 2.40 MPa for resin containing 15 wt% MFC. Physical entanglements between sisal fibers and MFC are believed to be responsible for this enhancement in the IFSS.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH PERLAKUAN KIMIA TERHADAP MORFOLOGI DAN GUGUS FUNGSIONAL SERAT SISAL

Newton-Maxwell Journal of Physics ◽

10.33369/nmj.v2i1.15262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Purwanto Purwanto ◽

Arif Rakhman Suharso ◽

Fajar Sari Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Sisal Fiber ◽

Surface Appearance ◽

Bleaching Process ◽

Pure Cellulose ◽

Before And After ◽

Sisal Fibers

Morphological and functional group analysis was carried out to study the appearance of micro and molecular structures contained in sisal fibers before and after chemical scouring and bleaching treatment. The scouring and bleaching process lasts for 1 hour with continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer. Scouring was carried out with 6% NaOH solution while Bleaching was carried out with a solution of 10 g / L NaOH and 100 ml / L H2O2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to identify the surface appearance and diameter of the fibers before and after the scouring and bleaching processes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to identify functional groups in fibers. The Bleaching process shows that the functional groups identified are the same as those of pure cellulose or alpha cellulose, namely -CH2, C-O, C = C, -CH3, C?C, and -OH, C-H. Sisal fibers with a diameter between 100 - 150 µm break down (fibrillate) into smaller fibers after the scouring (diameter: ?12 µm) and bleaching (diameter: ?7µm) processes. Thus, scouring and bleaching have caused significant changes in the morphological and microstructure of the fiber surface and also the functional groups that the sisal fiber has after the bleaching process is the same as pure fiber.

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Algorithms for 3D Particles Characterization Using X-Ray Microtomography in Proppant Crush Test

Journal of Imaging ◽

10.3390/jimaging4110134 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 134 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ilia Safonov ◽

Ivan Yakimchuk ◽

Vladimir Abashkin

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Geometric Moments ◽

Before And After ◽

Statistical Hypotheses ◽

Image Processing Algorithms ◽

A New Technique ◽

Individual Particles ◽

Remarkable Advantage

We present image processing algorithms for a new technique of ceramic proppant crush resistance characterization. To obtain the images of the proppant material before and after the test we used X-ray microtomography. We propose a watershed-based unsupervised algorithm for segmentation of proppant particles, as well as a set of parameters for the characterization of 3D particle size, shape, and porosity. An effective approach based on central geometric moments is described. The approach is used for calculation of particles’ form factor, compactness, equivalent ellipsoid axes lengths, and lengths of projections to these axes. Obtained grain size distribution and crush resistance fit the results of conventional test measured by sieves. However, our technique has a remarkable advantage over traditional laboratory method since it allows to trace the destruction at the level of individual particles and their fragments; it grants to analyze morphological features of fines. We also provide an example describing how the approach can be used for verification of statistical hypotheses about the correlation between particles’ parameters and their crushing under load.

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3D Characterization of Sponge Cake as Affected by Freezing Conditions Using Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography at Negative Temperature

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10122915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2915

Author(s):

Amira Zennoune ◽

Pierre Latil ◽

Fatou-Toutie Ndoye ◽

Frederic Flin ◽

Jonathan Perrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Temperature ◽

Ice Formation ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Image Analysis Method ◽

Sponge Cake ◽

X Ray ◽

Before And After ◽

Shape Characterization ◽

Fast Freezing

In this study, the microstructural evolution of a non-reactive porous model food (sponge cake) during freezing was investigated. Sponge cake samples were frozen at two different rates: slow freezing (0.3 °C min−1) and fast freezing (17.2 °C min−1). Synchrotron X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) were used to visualize and analyze the microstructure features. The samples were scanned before and after freezing using a specific thermostated cell (CellStat) combined with the synchrotron beamline. Cryo-SEM and 3D µ-CT image visualization allowed a qualitative analysis of the ice formation and location in the porous structure. An image analysis method based on grey level was used to segment the three phases of the frozen samples: air, ice and starch. Volume fractions of each phase, ice local thickness and shape characterization were determined and discussed according to the freezing rates.

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Preparation and Characterization of Clays from Different Areas in Ban Bo Suak, Nan Province, Thailand

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.127 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 659 ◽

pp. 127-131

Author(s):

Usanee Malee ◽

Sakdiphon Thiansem

Keyword(s):

Clay Sample ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scientific Process ◽

Quartz Content ◽

Xrd Pattern ◽

X Ray ◽

Kiln Site ◽

Before And After ◽

Tone Color

The scientific process was used to explain characterization and physical properties of the clay sample close to the ancient Nan kiln site. These samples were obtained from JQA, FQB, PQC and NQD. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique were used to determine the chemical composition and phase transformation before and after fired at 800-1250 °C. XRF result was confirmed that all clay samples mainly contained SiO2(>80 wt. %) XRD pattern indicated that quartz was the majority of phase in the all of them. High amount of Fe2O3(>1.6 wt. %) was related to the red-brown tone color. The clay sample could be fired up to 1280 °C without wrapping behavior; it was found that FQB clay had the highest firing resistance due to the maximum quartz content.

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The Synthesis and Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Adsorption of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10144840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 4840

Author(s):

Ghadah M. Al-Senani ◽

Nada Al-Kadhi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Spherical Particles ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

X Ray ◽

Nanoparticle Surface ◽

Before And After ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Sem Analyses

The adsorption of Cu2+ ions from an aqueous solution using AgNPs synthesized from Convolvulus arvensis leaf extract was investigated. The characterization of AgNPs was investigated before and after the adsorption of Cu2+ ions via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The adsorbent contained various functional groups in addition to the AgNPs, which contributed to the Cu2+ ions adsorption. The silver nanoparticle surface consisted of spherical particles and deep pores, which adsorbed numerous Cu2+ ions. The influences of dosage, pH, and contact time on adsorption of 10 and 50 mg/L Cu2+ at 298 K, and initial Cu2+ concentrations at 298 and 323 K were studied. It was found that the highest percentage of Cu2+ ions adsorbed from an aqueous solution was 98.99%; the aqueous solution had 10 mg/L of Cu2+ ions and 0.2 g of AgNPs, at pH 12 and 298 K. A pseudo-second kinetics model offered the most accurate description of the process of adsorption. The process of Cu2+ adsorption more resembled a Langmuir rather than a Freundlich isotherm model, including chemical and physical mixed adsorption (mixed adsorption) processes, and was exothermic and spontaneous.

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Characterization of silica polymorphs in kaolins by X-ray diffraction before and after phosphoric acid digestion and thermal treatment

Analytica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.045 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 552 (1-2) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sibel Kahraman ◽

Müşerref Önal ◽

Yüksel Sarıkaya ◽

İhsan Bozdoğan

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Acid Digestion ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Before And After

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Evaluation of Interfacial Properties of Sisal Fiber Reinforced High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.625 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 334-335 ◽

pp. 625-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Hong Xia Deng ◽

Ye Hong Yu

Keyword(s):

Natural Fiber ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Interfacial Properties ◽

Sisal Fiber ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Pull Out ◽

Bonding Properties ◽

Fiber Surface Treatment ◽

Sisal Fibers

Statistical methods were employed to study the structure characteristics of sisal fibers. Two types of fiber surface treatment methods, namely chemical bonding and oxidization were used to improve the interfacial bonding properties of sisal fiber reinforced HDPE (sisal/HDPE) composites. Interfacial properties were evaluated by single fiber pull out test. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was calculated and analyzed by the statistical parameters. The results were compared with those obtained by traditional ways. A novel method which could more accurately evaluate the interfacial properties between natural fiber and polymeric matrices was proposed.

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Characterization Of Microstructure And Selected Properties of SnSbCu Alloy After FSP

10.21203/rs.3.rs-469608/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna Hrabia-Wiśnios ◽

Beata Leszczyńska-Madej ◽

Marcin Madej ◽

Aleksandra Węglowska

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Diffraction Method ◽

Compression Tests ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Linear Speed ◽

X Ray ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Before And After ◽

Bearing Alloy

Abstract The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure and selected mechanical properties of the SnSbCu bearing alloy after friction stir processing (FSP). The Whorl tool was used for modification; the process was carried out using two rotational speeds of the tool: 280 and 450 RPM and a constant linear speed of 355 mm/min. Microstructure studies were performed employing the techniques of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy along with analysis of the chemical composition of micro-areas. Additionally, the phase composition was investigated by means of the X-ray diffraction method and statistical analysis of the precipitates present in the investigated alloy. In addition, hardness, flexural strength and uniaxial compression tests were performed before and after FSP modification. It was proved that using FSP to modify the SnSbCu alloy promotes refinement and homogenization of the microstructure, as well as improvement of the flexural strength, whereas no changes in the hardness level were found.

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Characterization of cordierite-mullite ceramics prepared from natural raw materials

Acta Chimica Slovaca ◽

10.2478/acs-2013-0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abdulmula Ali Albhilil ◽

Martin Palou ◽

Jana Kozánková

Keyword(s):

Thermal Shock Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Mercury Intrusion ◽

Before And After ◽

Shock Resistance ◽

Quenching Method ◽

Mullite Ceramics

Abstract Series of six cordierite-mullite ceramics were synthesized via solid state reaction at various temperatures from 1250 °C for pure cordierite to 1500 °C for pure mullite. Then the samples were submitted to the test of thermal shock resistance based on cycling heating-quenching procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) have been used to characterize the samples before and after cycling heating-quenching method. Sample 6 was broken after 35 heating-quenching cycles, while the five other reminded stable. The refractoriness of samples is found to be higher than that of commercial ones. XRD shows that heating-quenching procedure has led to crystallization of cordierite and mullite phases. Apart from sample 6, the pore structure is stable with slight consolidation. The microstructure images confirm the results of XRD and MIP showing crack in sample 6 only, but compact and larger particles resulting from crystal growth in other samples due to the repeated action of heating.

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