scholarly journals Beliefs on Learning and Teaching Language Components: The Case of Iranian EAP and EFL Learners

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Parsi
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic English

The present study intended to investigate the possible difference between EAP and EFL learners’ beliefs concerning learning and teaching of language components, namely, vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar. Furthermore, this study examined the association between EAP and EFL learners’ beliefs and their language components’ development. To this end, 231 undergraduate EAP (117) and EFL (114) learners at Ferdowsi University took part in the study by completing a five-point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from Simon and Taverniers (2011). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts’ judgment and factor analysis. Moreover using Cronbach alpha coefficient the questionnaire was found acceptably reliable (α=0.88). Furthermore, for language components’ development, the EAP learners’ scores in English course and EFL learners’ average scores in their Basic English courses were taken into account. The results of an Independent Samples t-test revealed that there existed a statistically significant difference between EAP and EFL learners’ beliefs on learning and teaching language components. Furthermore, the results of Pearson correlation coefficients indicated a statistically significant positive association between EFL learners’ beliefs and their language components’ development, however no statistically significant correlation was found between EAP learners’ beliefs and their language components’ development. 

scholarly journals Neurological improvement is associated with neck pain attenuation after surgery for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Koda ◽  
Toshitaka Yoshii ◽  
Satoru Egawa ◽  
Kenichiro Sakai ◽  
Kazuo Kusano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cervical Spine Surgery ◽  
Neurological Improvement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Univariate Analyses

AbstractAlthough favourable surgical outcomes for myelopathy caused by cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) have been reported, factors significantly associated with post-operative neck pain attenuation still remain unclear. The primary aim of the present study was to determine factors significantly associated with post-operative neck pain attenuation in patients with cervical OPLL using a prospective multi-centre registry of surgically treated cervical OPLL. Significant postoperative neck pain reduction (50% reduction of neck pain) was achieved in 31.3% of patients. There was no significant difference in neck pain attenuation between surgical procedures. Statistical analyses with univariate analyses followed by stepwise logistic regression revealed neurological recovery as a factor having a significant positive association with post-operative neck pain attenuation (p = 0.04, odds ratio 5.68 (95% confidence interval: 1.27–22.2)). In conclusion, neurological recovery was an independent factor having a significant positive association with post-operative neck pain attenuation in patients with cervical myelopathy caused by OPLL who underwent cervical spine surgery.

Entering the Mental Backstage: Mindfulness and Mind-Wandering among Performing Artists

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2068-2071
Author(s):  
Avneet Kaur ◽  
Shwetha T.S
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Significant Difference

Existing literature has explored the role of mindfulness and mind-wandering on creative processes. However, it has overlooked the diversity in the creative domains as well as the experience of the artist while accounting for their relationship. In the present study, mindfulness and mind wandering- deliberate and spontaneous were explored among performing artists, i.e. musicians, theatre artists, and dancers. The study also looked at the artists’ experience in their field. After an initial screening using a creativity tool, 66 performing artists were recruited, following which two self-report indices that assessed mind wandering and mindfulness were administered. The data collected was subjected to quantitative data analysis in SPSS. A Oneway ANOVA showed significant effect of the creative domain on mindfulness for the three groups, with a significant difference between musicians and dancers. Among the musicians, a significant negative relationship between mind wandering spontaneous and years of experience was seen. Among the dancers, there was a significant positive association between mind wandering spontaneous, mind wandering deliberate and years of experience. The current study highlighted the need to approach the study of creativity using a contextual perspective. Keywords: Creativity, Dance, Music, Theatre.

scholarly journals Influence of Church Political Activities on Congregation Socioeconomic Development: A Case of P.C.E.A. Molo Parish, Nakuru county-Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Joseph Mwangi Ngatia; Peter Koome; Paul Gesimba
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of church political activities on congregation development at PCEA Molo Parish in Molo Sub-County, Nakuru County in Kenya. The study employed a descriptive design. The population of the study was 1093 individuals comprising of 690 communicants, 390 church groups' leaders, and 13 congregation chairpersons. From this population, 285 respondents comprising of 180 communicants, 102 group leaders, and 3 congregation chairperson were selected using the systematic sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data from communicants and group leaders while interviews schedules were used to collect data from congregation chairpersons. Quantitative data was analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics and presented in the form of graphs and table. Qualitative data was analysed thematically and results reported in quotes and narratives. Findings revealed that the PCEA Molo Parish actively engages in an assortment of political activities including advocating for issues, which are relevant to members, educating members on political issues, promoting peace and reconciliation, shaping policies and laws, and development of values essential to political progress. The overall political activities score was 4.92 out of a possible highest score of 7. The Pearson correlation test indicated that there is a statistically significant positive association between church political activities and congregation socioeconomic development (r= .418, p=.014). The study recommended that the parish consider encouraging members of its congregation to increase their participation in politics and governance issues.

scholarly journals Scrambled Cloze Procedure: Does It Influence EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension and Writing Performance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Jahanbakhsh Nikoopour ◽  
Mino Bargnil
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cloze Procedure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study investigated the effect of using scrambled cloze procedure on reading and writing among intermediate EFL learners. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 participants were tested on a PET test, from whom 48 homogeneous participants were selected and assigned randomly to two groups of 25 and 23, as experimental and control group. Then, both groups were given a pre-test of writing and reading comprehension. During 14 sessions, the experimental group were provided with scrambled cloze samples and tasks while practicing paragraph writing and reading, whereas the control group did not, while they were practicing paragraph writing and reading. At the end, the two groups were tested in reading comprehension and writing, based on a posttest. Two raters scored the writing samples collected from two groups in the pre and posttest. Pearson correlation was used to compute the inter-rater reliability. The results showed the experimental group outperformed the control group in paragraph writing and reading comprehension. However, it was found that gender did not make a significant difference in reading comprehension and writing performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dictogloss on Listening Comprehension: Focus on Metacognitive Strategies and Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Mina Taheri ◽  
Saeed Taki
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Metacognitive Strategies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Listening Strategies ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed at investigating the effect of dictogloss on EFL learners’ listening comprehension as well as on their use of metacognitive listening strategies with a focus on the effects on male and female learners. To this end, a total number of 50 female and male Iranian EFL learners, aged between 12 and 15 years old, at the intermediate proficiency level in a private language school in Iran were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups with 25 male and female learners in each group. Dictogloss was employed to teach the learners in the experimental group for an instruction period of 12 sessions. Participants’ listening comprehension was determined through a pre/posttest which was adapted from the listening section of the standard test of PET and their use of metacognitive listening strategies via the MALQ, a questionnaire developed by Vandergrift et al. (2006). The data obtained were submitted to the t-test and results revealed significant improvement in the experimental group’s listening comprehension with no significant difference between male and female learners. Finally, the results showed that the listeners in the experimental group made noticeable gains in their choice of metacognitive strategies through using the dictogloss technique.  Findings are discussed in light of recent theories of language learning and teaching.  

scholarly journals Translating the Burden of Pollen Allergy Into Numbers: 10-Year Observational Study of Electronically Generated Symptom Data From the Patient’s Hayfever Diary in Austria and Germany

10.2196/16767 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. e16767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Bastl ◽  
Maximilian Bastl ◽  
Karl-Christian Bergmann ◽  
Markus Berger ◽  
Uwe Berger
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Score ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Patient’S Hayfever Diary ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Load ◽  
Symptom Load Index

Background Pollen allergies affect a significant proportion of the population globally. At present, Web-based tools such as pollen diaries and mobile apps allow for easy and fast documentation of allergic symptoms via the internet. Objective This study aimed to characterize the users of the Patient’s Hayfever Diary (PHD), a Web-based platform and mobile app, to apply different symptom score calculations for comparison, and to evaluate the contribution of organs and medications to the total score for the first time. Methods The PHD users were filtered with regard to their location in Austria and Germany, significant positive correlation to the respective pollen type (birch/grass), and at least 15 entries in the respective season. Furthermore, 4 different symptom score calculation methods were applied to the datasets from 2009 until 2018, of which 2 were raw symptom scores and 2 were symptom load index (normalized) calculations. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated pairwise for these 4 symptom score calculations. Results Users were mostly male and belonged to the age groups of 21 to 40 years or ≥40 years. User numbers have increased in the last 5 years, especially when mobile apps were made available. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant linear relationship above 0.9 among the 4 symptom score datasets and thus indicated no significant difference between the different methods of symptom score calculation. The nose contributed the most to the symptom score and determined about 40% of the score. Conclusions The exact method of calculation of the symptom score is not critical. All computation methods show the same behavior (increase/decrease during the season). Therefore, the symptom load index is a useful computation method in all fields exploring pollen allergy, and Web-based diaries are a globally applicable tool to monitor the effect of pollen on human health via electronically generated symptom data.

scholarly journals The Effects of COVID-19 on EFL Learners’ Anxiety at the University of Bisha

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
Ghazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed ◽  
Badri Abdulhakim DM Mudhsh
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Learning Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The University

This study investigates the effects of COVID-19 on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ anxiety at the University of Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The differences between male and female learners and learners of the different study levels in terms of anxiety caused by COVID-19 were investigated. Moreover, the study sheds light on two factors which are the internal factors and external factors that increase learning anxiety during COVID-19 and the strategies used by the learners to decrease the negative effects of COVID-19 on learning anxiety. The data of the study were collected from 80 EFL learners (40 males and 40 females) at the University of Bisha. This study is considerable as it deals with something that is important in the learning and teaching processes these days. The study revealed that COVID-19 causes normal anxiety to the EFL learners at the University of Bisha. It was also revealed that there is no significant difference between the male and female learners in terms of anxiety caused by COVID-19 and external factors. There is a significant difference between them in terms of the internal factors and strategies used by the learners to decrease the negative effects of learning anxiety during COVID-19. Lastly, there was no significant difference between the learners of the different study levels in terms of anxiety, internal factors and external factors that increase negative learning anxiety and the strategies used by the learners to decrease the negative learning anxiety during COVID-19.

scholarly journals Frequency and histological-cytological correlation of premalignant and malignant changes in the cervix in women of different ages

Praxis medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Dejan Mihajlović ◽  
Zoran Bukumirić ◽  
Nenad Šulović ◽  
Goran Relić ◽  
Slaviša Stanišić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Cervical Disease ◽  
Malignant Changes

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common and accounts for about 6.6% of all cancers in women. Aim: The aim was to determine the frequency of premalignant and malignant changes in the cervix, to examine the histological-cytological correlation of premalignant and malignant changes in the cervix and the correlation of the women's age with the stage of cervical disease. Material and Methods: A retrospective study analyzed 186 cervical biopsy specimens and cervical smears (Papanicolau test) at the Institute of Pathology of the Faculty of Medicine in Pristina, based in Kosovska Mitrovica, over a three-year period from 2016 to 2018. Results: Of the 186 subjects, 62 had mild premalignant changes of type LSIL, 22 HSIL, and as many as 20 (10.75%) cervical cancer. There was a statistically significant positive association between histological and cytological findings (r = 0.854; p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the age of the subjects with regard to histological findings (F = 11,327; p <0.001). Subjects with HSIL were significantly older than those diagnosed with cervicitis chronica (p = 0.029). Subjects diagnosed with planocellular carcinoma were significantly older than women with cervicitis chronica (p <0.001) and LSIL (p <0.001). Conclusion: There is an increasing trend of cervical cancer in Northern Kosovo and in the Serbian enclaves in central Kosovo and Metohija. Subjects with cervical cancer were significantly older than subjects with mild premalignant cervical changes. There is a significant histologic-cytological correlation of cervical findings, so we believe that more massive cervical screening, especially in younger women, could reduce the incidence of premalignant and malignant diseases of the cervix.

scholarly journals The Patient’s Denture Assessment (Thai version) is a Valid and Reliable Tool for Evaluating Complete Denture Treatment and Success.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahaprom Namano ◽  
Orapin Komin
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Geriatric Dentistry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Denture Treatment

Abstract BACKGROUND. Complete tooth losses are still being major problems which resulted in lesser quality of life especially for elderly patients. However, there are still lack of questionnaire to evaluate the treatment outcome from the patient’s aspect. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Patient’s Denture Assessment-Thai version (PDA-T), then use this questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with complete denture treatment. METHODS. The subjects comprised 120 edentulous adult patients (49 men/71 women; average age 70 years-old) from the Prosthodontic and the Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University during 2019 March‒2020 March. The patients were divided into two groups: The group experienced (Exper) (n=54) with wearing complete dentures, and the non-experienced (NonExper) group (n=66). The patients used the validated PDA-T to self-assess their treatment at different times. The Exper group completed the questionnaire at t 0 (during treatment), t 0.5 (2‒8-weeks after t 0 ), and t 1 (final follow-up). The NonExper group completed the questionnaire only at t 1 . RESULTS. In the Exper group, Cronbach’s α and average inter-item correlation was 0.95 (range 0.76‒0.95) and 0.47 (range 0.57‒0.83), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (n = 18, 95% confidence interval) were 0.98 overall. The paired t-test (p < 0.05) between t 0 and t 1 indicated a significant difference between t 0 and t 1 in every PDA-T topic, and the effect size was 1.71. In the NonExper group, the Pearson correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between the patients' demographics and masticatory function. CONCLUSIONS. The reliability and validity of the PDA-T indicate it is a valuable tool for evaluating complete denture treatment. Treatment success affected the patients' satisfaction, but was not associated with the patients’ prior denture experience, sex, or educational level.

scholarly journals YouTube as a source of information about orthodontic clear aligners

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokay Ustdal ◽  
Ayca Ustdal Guney
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Video Group ◽  
Rich Content

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the content, reliability, and quality of videos about orthodontic clear aligners on YouTube. Materials and Methods Researchers used the Google Trends website to determine that the most frequently used search term for orthodontic clear aligners on the Internet was: “Invisalign.” A search was then conducted on YouTube using the key word “Invisalign.” From the first 140 results, 100 videos were selected for analysis. A 13-point content score was used to classify poor-content and rich-content videos, and the global quality scale (GQS) was used to examine quality of the videos. To evaluate reliability of the information, a five-question scale was used. The Mann-Whitney U-test, χ2 test, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical evaluations. Results Of the YouTube videos, 33 were classified as rich content and 67 as poor content. Most videos (73%) were uploaded by laypeople, and most uploaders (71%) were women. The most commonly discussed content was instructions (65%), followed by procedure (57%) and pain (52%). Regarding the GQS, most of the videos were evaluated as moderate quality (51%). Compared with the poor-content video group, the rich-content video group had a significantly higher GQS score (P = .004). There was no significant difference between the poor-content and rich-content groups regarding information reliability (P &gt; .05). Conclusions Video content on YouTube relating to aligner orthodontics was generally insufficient. The quality of videos was moderate, but the reliability of information was generally poor. Specialists should refer patients to reliable sources of information.

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