The Origins of Ethnic Consciousness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lange
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Attachment

This chapter examines the origins of ethnic consciousness, with particular emphasis on the rise of powerful ethnic consciousnesses shared by large numbers of strangers. It first considers the propensity to categorize people into ingroups and outgroups as well as factors that contributed to the rise of new and abstract conceptualizations of community, including citizenship. It then explores the role of the states, education, and religion in creating imagined communities of strangers and in molding and popularizing ethnic consciousness. It also discusses the micro-dynamics and context of ethnic frameworks and concludes with the argument that ethnic consciousness is a necessary condition for ethnic violence because it divides the world into ethnic categories and fosters strong attachment to ethnicity.

Aesthetic needs in professional activity of future teacher of music: theoretical aspect of the problem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyshnevetska Maryna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factor

The paper considers the issue of developing aesthetic needs of a future music teacher in the course of professional training. The author defines notions such as culture, aesthetic culture, aesthetic activity as well as explores the essence of the notion of an aesthetic need of a future music teacher. The paper substantiates the role of art and aesthetic activity as the main factor for aesthetic needs development. The study reveals that there is a reason for the interest to human needs since a large number of branches in material and spiritual culture of society depend on defining the nature of needs and trends in their development. The author emphasises that the functioning of all levels of human life requires needs that would meet human development both physically and emotionally, thus, there should be an aesthetic form of activity because it harmoniously combines both spiritual and functional aspects. The paper substantiates the role of art as the main factor for development of aesthetic needs that can be met in various activities, but it is in art that they find the greatest expression. The author supports the idea that art is a special area of human existence and it combines knowledge and communication, intelligence, a sense of morality, and imagination of people. Involvement of a person in art is a necessary condition for development of aesthetic consciousness since elevation of the spirit and actualization of an essential aesthetic force take place during the process of perception, experience and understanding of works of art. Art integrates a dialogue of a person with the world. Considering the concept of an aesthetic need, the author defines it as an internal need to comprehend certain aesthetic values, development of certain skills, because an aesthetic need is based on aesthetic feelings that are embodied in aesthetic tastes and consist of individual selection of those aesthetic phenomena and objects that best suit views and interests of a person. The paper emphasises that an aesthetic need embodies richness and diversity of spirituality of a person who seeks to fulfill their potential in all fullness of life and if a person has a need for personal fulfillment, they will find the strength and ways to do that. It has been proved that an aesthetic need has semantic and aesthetic properties and has an artistic and perceptual nature, which provides an opportunity to obtain pleasure, enjoyment, joy, delight from beauty. It has been established that the process of perception or direct creativity of art are characterized by a combination of a goal and means, where the means develop into the goal, and the goal is the process itself when spiritual, functional and aesthetic needs of the individual are met, i.e. a person reaches a certain level in their activity when they create products and forms of cultural activity that meet more and more of their needs. The paper outlines that an emerging aesthetic need motivates a music teacher to create conditions and means for achieving satisfaction with their own creative activities, because an aesthetic need is a desire of a future music teacher to harmonize the internal and external world as well as development of aesthetic awareness of the world: to perceive and appreciate the beauty, to live and create according to the laws of beauty.

The Origins of Ethnic Pluralism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lange
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
Ethnic Pluralism ◽  
French Case ◽  
The Uk

This chapter examines the origins of ethnic pluralism. Most countries have populations with multiple and opposing ethnic consciousness, and such ethnic pluralism is a necessary condition for ethnic violence. In order to explain ethnic violence, one must therefore consider why only some places turned out like France—a country that has been successful at popularizing a common national consciousness. To help explain the French case, the chapter compares the nation-building processes in France, Spain, and the UK in the context of unity and disunity. It also discusses the interrelationships among path dependence, situationalism, and ethnic consciousness before assessing ethnic pluralism in large empires such as the Ottoman Empire and the former Soviet Union. Finally, it explores the role of overseas colonialism and missionaries in promoting ethnic diversity by focusing on Rwanda, Burundi, and Burma.

Reimagining the Nation, Migration and Citizenship: The Role of Cultural Institutions and New Institutional Responses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Institution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
The World

The goal of this volume is to reconsider citizenship, integration, and diversity in the context of heightened mobility and permanent impermanence, where large numbers of migrants are long-term partial members of their societies of origin and settlement. Although cultural institutions are often sites where these categories are (re) negotiated, they are often left out of the scholarly conversation. In the first part of this chapter, I explore how one type of cultural institution—museums—are responding to immigration and globalization around the world. I ask if and how they are changing notions of citizenship, nationhood, and pluralism. The second half looks at new forms of transnational social protection that arise in response to the current world on the move.

scholarly journals «He was the voice of people’s spirit and the instrument of ukrainian’s worldview…»

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Zhanna Koloiz
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Common People ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
The Voice

The article focuses on the role of I. Kotlyarevsky's “Aeneid” in the representation of cultural codes in general and in the mental space of Ukrainian culture in particular, in the reflection of fragments of the national picture of the world in terms of specificity of ethnic consciousness, mythological and laughter culture. It is evidenced that the reconstruction of the national-linguistic picture of the world, represented by “Aeneid”, should be continued in the coordinates of the mental-lingual complexes. Among these complexes precedent phenomena are distinguished. They serve as markers of a particular linguistic culture and at the same time they are illustrative material of intercultural communicative interaction. The poem is characterized through the prism of the categories of precedence and intertextuality, in the plane of interaction between “one's own” and “somebody else’s” within the limits of textual discourse. The precedent phenomena (precedent text, precedent situation, precedent saying, precedent name) are differentiated into universal and national precedent ones, the latter of which are considered as those, that contribute to the establishment of national identity and separateness of the Ukrainian linguistic community. It is revealed thepeculiarities of the formation of the speech subculture, available in the minds of native speakers in the form of certain borrowings, in particular from the texts of oral folk art. The national consciousness accumulates born in the society attention to the common people, the peculiarities of their life and culture, decoding of which happens due to the updating of the categories of intertextuality and precedence as well. In his own way ingenious I. Kotlyarevsky demonstrates an unbridled desire to bring the reader closer to the essence of the national spirit and national worldview, with linguistic means and techniques attests the indissoluble connection of time and generations, turns descendants to the origins of the world and national culture, in particular to oral folk art.

The Neutral Dead and the Pietist Dead

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-147
Author(s):  
Susan Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Period ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
To Come ◽  
Strong Attachment

This chapter examines the role of the neutral dead in Sefer ḥasidim and shows how the concern for clothing the dead, in its various stages of existence, assumed specifically medieval forms. It also looks at the Pietist practice of burial in a talit with tsitsit, which highlights the singularity of the Pietists' unusually strong attachment to burial in such a garment and reveals an affinity with an ancient Germanic belief and custom regarding the afterlife. The belief that physical objects possessed the power to propel their bearers to Paradise was present in Ashkenazi sources both within and outside the Pietist circle. In this light, various Ashkenazi halakhists viewed specific garments of the dead, such as the tsitsit, as aids in the passage of the soul to the hereafter. These garments were not solely intended, as the talmudic rabbis would profess, for the time of the resurrection. The focus on the period immediately after death, rather than a concern with the World to Come, was a hallmark of the medieval period and one which separated yet again the world of the Pietists from the world of the rabbis of the Talmud.

Killing Others

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lange
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Over Time

This book examines the origins, causes, transformations, and future of ethnic violence by focusing on its natural history. Drawing on insight from numerous disciplines combined with a theoretical approach that it calls “cognitive modernism,” the book explores all types of ethnic violence across the world and transformations in ethnic violence over time in order to understand what caused seemingly normal people to kill Others. It argues that modernity is the most common and influential cause of ethnic violence and that communal perceptions and concerns must be analyzed in terms of ethnic consciousness, emotional prejudice, and obligations. This introduction defines key concepts such as ethnic violence, ethnicity, ethnic consciousness, ethnic frameworks, and ethnic structures. It also discusses three cultural and historical factors that delineate ethnic communities and are commonly used interchangeably with ethnicity: nation, race, and religious community.

Killing Others

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lange
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Human History ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Powerful Explanation ◽  
Mind Set

This book explores why humans ruthlessly attack and kill people from other ethnic communities. Drawing on an array of cases from around the world and insight from a variety of disciplines, the book provides a simple yet powerful explanation that pinpoints the influential role of modernity in the growing global prevalence of ethnic violence over the past 200 years. It offers evidence that a modern ethnic mind-set is the ultimate and most influential cause of ethnic violence. Throughout most of human history, people perceived and valued small sets of known acquaintances and did not identify with ethnicities. Through education, state policy, and other means, modernity ultimately created broad ethnic consciousnesses that led to emotional prejudice, whereby people focus negative emotions on entire ethnic categories, and ethnic obligation, which pushes people to attack Others for the sake of their ethnicity. Modern social transformations also provided a variety of organizational resources that put these motives into action, thereby allowing ethnic violence to emerge as a modern menace. Yet modernity takes many forms and is not constant, and past trends in ethnic violence are presently transforming. Over the past seventy years, the earliest modernizers have transformed from champions of ethnic violence into leaders of intercommunal peace, and this book offers evidence that the emergence of robust rights-based democracy—in combination with effective states and economic development—weakened the motives and resources that commonly promote ethnic violence.

Worldview Aspect of the Evolutionary-Projective Philosophy of Russian Cosmism

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Yury V. Oleinikov
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Biogenic Origin ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Changing Role

The article examines two worldview strategies of the evolutionary-projective philosophy of Russian Cosmism: the strategy associated with elimination of human corporeality, which has found adherents in current transhumanism, and the strategy proposed by humanistic worldview paradigm that directs humanity to the implementation of a deontological noospheric project of coevolution of planetary nature and society as a necessary condition for progress of our socio-natural universe. The focus is on analysis of the worldview insights of Russian Cosmists. In particular, the article addresses Vladimir Vernadsky’s worldview concepts regarding the changing role of man in nature and society. This is caused by changes in material resources, methods and degree of man’s transformation of the world as a result of the use of the microworld’s objects and processes as tools of labor (which are now called nanotechnologies). Among V.I. Vernadsky’s major insights that have been successfully verified in social practice, the article considers such worldview conceptions as orientation toward peaceful use of nuclear energy and the inevitability of replacing organic energy sources with inorganic ones; the need to maintain invariability of the biogenic constants of the planetary ecosystem (biosphere); human autotrophy – providing mankind with abiogenic food and other technogenic resources instead of substances and resources of biogenic origin; formation of a specific hu man person as a factor in the evolution of a planetary socio-natural whole. Taken together, all of these are due to the change in the place and role of modern man in nature and society, and these are also reflected in the formation of an ideological paradigm that is adequate to new trends in the practical evolution of the planetary socio-natural whole.

Thinking the Nation

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Bergholz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Historical Explanation ◽  
Political Force ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Approach

Abstract In “Thinking the Nation,” Max Bergholz offers a reappraisal of Benedict Anderson’s seminal 1983 book Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. He does so through the telling of a set of interconnected stories. The first is the story of Anderson himself—who he was as a scholar and how the world in which he lived shaped his unique approach to nationalism. The second is the story of the reaction to his book in the immediate aftermath of its publication, and the subsequent ways in which historians derived inspiration from this work. The third and final story concerns the lasting contribution of Imagined Communities. The telling of these stories suggests that the continuing relevance of Anderson’s book seems to be not its specific historical explanation of the origin and spread of nationalism, but rather how it reorients its readers’ analytical gaze away from focusing largely on ideology, elites, and socioeconomic change, and toward cognitive processes of nationalism. In so doing, Anderson provides those seeking to tell histories of nationalism with a new conceptual vocabulary to excavate and explain human agency, and specifically the role of the imagination, in the making of nationalism into a real political force.

Localization of Intracisternal a Particle Antigens in Neoplastic Cells and Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
Thomas T.F. Huang ◽  
Patricia G. Calarco
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle ◽  
Normal Feature

The stage specific appearance of a retravirus, termed the Intracisternal A particle (IAP) is a normal feature of early preimplantation development. To date, all feral and laboratory strains of Mus musculus and even Asian species such as Mus cervicolor and Mus pahari express the particles during the 2-8 cell stages. IAP form by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum and appear singly or as groups of donut-shaped particles within the cisternae (fig. 1). IAP are also produced in large numbers in several neoplastic cells such as certain plasmacytomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. The role of IAP, either in normal development or in neoplastic behavior, is unknown.

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