scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of two laser photobiomodulation techniques on bio-physical properties of Zea mays L. seeds

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10614
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hasan ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
Intsar H.H. Alhilfy ◽  
Ziad Aeyad Taha
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Green Laser ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
The Impact

Background Laser applications in agriculture have recently gained much interest due to improved plant characteristics following laser treatment before the sowing of seeds. In this study, maize seeds were exposed to different levels of laser treatment prior to sowing to improve their field performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pre-sowing laser photobiomodulation on the field emergence and growth of treated maize seeds. Methods The maize seeds were first photobiomodulated with two lasers: 1) a helium-neon (He–Ne) red laser (632.8 nm), and 2) a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) green laser (532 nm). Following three replications of randomized complete block design (RCBD), four irradiation treatments were applied (45 s, 65 s, 85 s, and 105 s) at two power intensities (2 mW/cm2 and 4 mW/cm2). Results Based on the results, maize seeds pretreated with a green laser and 2 mW/cm2 power intensity for 105 s exhibited the highest rate of seed emergence (96%) compared to the untreated control seeds with a lower seed emergence rate (62.5%). Furthermore, maize seeds treated with a red laser for 45 s showed an increased vigor index compared to the other treatment options and the control (P < 0.01). The treatment groups also showed statistically significant differences in seedling growth characteristics compared to the control group p < 0.01. The green laser produced a significant enhancement of about 24.20 cm in seedling length, 8.2 leaves/plant, and 3.4 cm in stem diameter compared to the untreated seeds. Moreover, the green laser treatment showed 57.4 days to anthesis, which was earlier than the untreated seeds (61.4 days). The results showed that the protein, oil, and starch contents of the seeds irradiated with the green laser were 17.54%, 6.18%, and 73.32%, respectively, compared to the seeds irradiated by the red laser with 16.51%, 6.33%, and 71.05%, respectively. Conclusions The photo biomodulation of maize seeds using a green laser light can improve the field emergence, seedling growth, and seed quality of the treated seed compared to the red laser treatment.

Harvesting and Threshing Methods on Seed Quality of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
S. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Impact

Background: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. The use of a combine harvester to harvest dhaincha will be an effective alternative method that has not been widely tried. However, work on different methods of harvesting and threshing of dhaincha is limited. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. Methods: This study was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The dhaincha crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were tested for mechanical damage and germination potential. The experiment was laid in completely randomized block design. Germination was tested by roll towel method using 100 seeds in four replications. Germination percentage, root and shoot length were measured in seven days after sowing from ten randomly selected seedlings in each replication. For the estimation of dry matter production, ten seedlings were selected at random and kept in a hot air oven maintained at 85oC for 24 hours after measuring their root and shoot length and vigour index was calculated. Mechanical damage to seeds was observed by ferric chloride test. Seed recovery per cent was calculated based on the 100 kgs of dhaincha seeds were cleaned and graded treatment wise using cleaner cum grader and the seeds retained on the bottom sieve were weighed and expressed as per cent of total quantity of seed. Result: The results revealed that the significant difference was found among the different harvesting and threshing methods. The seeds harvested and threshed by manual method recorded 85 per cent germination followed by seeds harvested manually and threshed by mechanical threshing (84 per cent) and seeds harvested manually and threshed by tractor treading (80.5 per cent). The lowest germination of 80.0 per cent was recorded by combine harvesting. From this study, it could be inferred that combine harvester is a modern method for harvesting of dhaincha that saves time and labour when compared to all other methods.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Metode Pengusangan Cepat Fisik Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dyah Priandini ◽  
Muhamad Rahmad Suhartanto ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Papaya Seed

Development of papaya fruit production is influenced by the availability of seed quality. High seed quality is maintained during seed storage. Estimation of vigor in relation to storability can be detected by accelerated aging test. This research aims to develop physicall accelerated aging test by, 1)determine the impact of physical accelerated aging on vigor and viability parameters on papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma, 2) determine the levels of seed moisture content and effective period of physicall accelerated aging to predict vigor of papaya seed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Green House Leuwikopo, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB in January-May 2016 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds aged by the aging equipment MPC IPB 77-1 MMM. The results showed that the aging time decreased germination value in papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma with equation y=-0.1389x3+3.3333x2–25.25x+81.5 and y=0.0171x3+0.2028x2-9.9956x+81.095. Effective imbibition is 96 hour with moisture content 63-70% in both varieties. The effective of aging time treatment at 0x4, 1x4, 2x4, 3x4, dan 4x4 minutes.Keywords:imbibition, moisture content, viability, vigor

Physiology of Oil Seeds. X. Seed Quality of Peanut Genotypes as Affected by Ambient Storage Temperature1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darold L. Ketring
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genotype Diversity ◽  
Field Emergence

Abstract Proper storage of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods following drying is a critical step in maintenance of seed quality for the next planting season. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ambient storage temperature (similar to farmers stock peanuts stored in warehouses) on seed germination and seedling vigor of selected peanut genotypes. Peanuts were grown in the field for three successive seasons. Pods were harvested, dried, and shelled. Seed samples were taken for storage under ambient conditions, humidity effects were eliminated by storing the seeds in plastic freezer bags in sealed containers. Seasons were: (1) 1986, 19 months storage at ambient temperature, (2) 1987, 7 months storage at ambient temperature, and (3) 1988, seeds without storage. When comparisons were made among genotypes within seasons, exposure to Season 1 conditions resulted in the least germination and seedling growth, but a wide range of genotype diversity occurred. Germination of seeds from Seasons 2 and 3 ranged from 81 to 98%, and significant differences in seedling growth occurred among genotypes. When comparisons were made across Seasons, the data indicated a significant storage effect, which resulted in different seed quality for individual genotypes. Usually field emergence was significantly different among genotypes and was highly correlated with germination for all seasons. Generally, emergence was negatively correlated with slow seedling growth and positively correlated with rapid seedling growth. Thus, for seeds of lower vigor (Seasons 1 and 2), rapid seedling growth was particularly critical for early, uniform emergence (10 DAP) in the field. Genotypes were significantly different in extent of seed quality reduction and field emergence both within and across storage periods. Genotype diversity to ambient storage conditions suggests there is genetic potential to improve longevity of seed quality during storage and enhance stability of field emergence.

Impact of tillage and crop rotation on ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis) of lentil

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ascochyta Lentis ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rotation Study

Two trials were conducted from 1996 to 1999; one at Indian Head, SK, to examine the impact of tillage management on the severity of ascochyta blight of lentil, caused by Ascochyta lentis (teleomorph Didymella lentis), and a second at Saskatoon, SK, to assess the impact of crop rotation. In 1995, the blight-susceptible lentil cv. Eston was seeded across both sites and later inoculated with blight-infested lentil residue to provide a uniform level of infection. Treatments were initiated in the spring of 1996. Ascochyta blight severity was assessed on each lentil plot during the growing season. Seed quality and yield were assessed each year. A split-block design was used to minimize movement of inoculum among plots over years. In the tillage management trial at Indian Head, the main plot treatments were 0, 1, or 2 yr between lentil crops, with spring wheat as the alternate crop; the subplot treatments were zero-till vs. conventional tillage. Ascochyta blight severity was substantially higher under zero-till than under conventional tillage in the continuous lentil treatment when conditions were conducive to blight development. However, tillage management had little effect on severity when there were 2 yr between successive lentil crops. We conclude that tillage management is unlikely to have an important impact on blight severity, except in rotations with short re-cropping intervals. In the crop rotation study at Saskatoon, the main plot treatments were two rotation sequences and the subplot treatments were three crop species (canola, barley, pea) planted in 1996. Rotation 1 was seeded to cv. Eston in 1997 and barley in 1998; Rotation 2 was seeded to barley in 1997 and cv. Eston in 1998. Both rotations were seeded to cv. Eston in 1999. Also, a plot seeded continuously to cv. Eston was included at one end of each replicate block as a control. Blight was more severe in continuous lentil than in the other crop rotations, and ascochyta blight levels in 1999 were lowest where barley followed the 1996 lentil crop for both Rotation 1 and 2. However, the intervening nonhost crop had little impact on seed infection or seed yield. We conclude that at least two nonhost crops between successive lentil crops are required to substantially reduce inoculum of A. lentis following a disease outbreak. Key words: Didymella lentis, zero-till management, fusarium root rot, Lens culinaris, barley, canola, field pea

scholarly journals Interactive effects of rice bran compost and chemical fertilizers on macronutrients, oil and protein content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
M Alauddin ◽  
GM Mohsin ◽  
AHMZ Ali ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Uptake Pattern ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Charfasson Govt. College, Bhola, Bangladesh in rabi season in 2015-2016 to evaluate the impact of conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers with rice bran on concentration, uptake and seed quality of sunflower cv. BARI-2 (Keroni-2). The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) having sixteen treatments with three replications. The size of the plots were 3 m x 2 m. Treatments were T1 Control (- RB and -NPK), T2: 2.5 t RB ha-1, T3: 5.0 t RB ha-1,T4: 7.5 t RB ha-1, T5: N40P30K50 kg ha-1,T6: N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T7: N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T8: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T9: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T10: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T11: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T12: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T13: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T14: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T15: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T16: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1. Results showed that the concentration, uptake and quality of seeds (oil and protein) of the crop increased with increasing rate of the amendments significantly (P<0.05) over the control and the variation between the treatments were also significant irrespective of the sources of amendments in most of the cases. Generally, combination of the treatments showed better performance than their individual application. Maximum values of NPKS concentration (%) in different organs of sunflower were 1.22, 0.35, 1.90, 0.18 for stem; 1.17, 0.35, 2.41, 0.16 for root; 3.98, 0.43, 4.28, 0.24 for leaf, 1.04, 0.65, 3.00, 0.22 for petiole; 2.16, 0.58, 2.21, 0.26 for inflorescence and 5.24, 0.83, 1.60, 0.47 for seed measured in treatments 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 and 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 in most of the cases. However, their uptake pattern also followed the same trend as in concentration and the highest values were found in those treatments in most of the cases. Significantly (P<0.05%) the highest content of oil (51.1%) in seed was measured in the treatment 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 and protein (33.9%) was found in the treatment 5.0 t RB ha-1 +N80P60K100 kg ha-1. Their lowest values were found in control for oil and in 2.5 t RB ha-1 for protein, which was lower than control treatment. The overall findings of this study indicated that rice bran in combination with chemical fertilizers could be applied to achieve better concentration and uptake in different organs, oil and protein content in seeds of sunflower. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 91-99, December 2020

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MAIZE SEEDS SOAKING WITH ACIDS OF ASCORBIC, CITRIC AND HUMIC ON FIELD EMERGENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-976
Author(s):  
Kadhim & Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Significant Superiority

A field experiment was conducted during two spring seasons in 2019 and 2020 to achieve rapid, uniform, and high ratio of field emergence of maize seeds (cv. Baghdad3). Randomize complete block design was used with three replications. Seeds were soaked in acids of ascorbic and citric (100 mg l-1) and humic (1 ml l-1) for 18 hours, as well as control treatment (seeds soaking in distilled water only). The results showed the significant superiority of soaking treatment in humic acid, which gave averages of field emergence properties in both seasons as follows: last day of field emergence (12.6 and 12.9 days), difference between first and last day of field emergence (4.8 and 4.9 days), ratio of field emergence at first count (49.5 and 55.5%), ratio of field emergence at final count (93.2 and 93.2%), daily average of field emergence (7.8 and 7.8 days), average of field emergence time (9.0 and 8.8 days) and index of field emergence average (10.5 and 10.7 days). It can be concluded that seeds soaking in humic acid improved properties of emergence and seedlings; therefore it can be recommended to soak maize seeds in humic acid (1 ml l-1) for 18 hours when planting in the spring season.

scholarly journals Influence of Curly Leaf Trait on Cottonseed Micro-Nutrient Status in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Rickie B. Turley ◽  
Salliana R. Stetina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curly Leaf

Cottonseed is a source of nutrients, including protein, oil, and macro- and micro-nutrients. Micro-nutrients such as boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are essential for plant and human health. Deficiencies of these micro-nutrients in soil lead to poor crop production and poor seed quality. Micro-nutrient deficiencies in the human diet lead to malnutrition and serious health issues. Therefore, identifying new cotton lines containing high nutritional qualities such as micro-nutrients, and understanding plant traits influencing micro-nutrients are essential. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of leaf shape (curly leaf: CRL) on cottonseed B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni (nickel), and Zn in two near-isogenic cotton lines differing in leaf shape (DP 5690 wild-type with normal leaves and DP 5690 CRL). We also used Uzbek CRL, the source of the curly leaf trait, for comparison. A field experiment was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Stoneville, MS, USA. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that, in 2014, both DP 5690 wild-type and Uzbek CRL had higher seed B, Cu, Fe, and Ni than in DP 5690 CRL. The accumulation of Mn and Zn in seeds of DP 5690 CRL was higher than in DP 5690 wild-type and Uzbek CRL. However, in 2015, the concentrations of B, Cu, Fe, and Ni, including Mn and Zn, were higher in both DP 5690 wild-type and Uzbek CRL than in DP 5690 CRL. Positive and negative correlations existed in 2014; however, only positive correlations existed between all nutrients in 2015. This research demonstrated that leaf shape can alter cottonseed micro-nutrients status. As Uzbek CRL behaved similar to wild-type, both leaf shape and other factors contributed to the alteration in seed micronutrients, affecting seed nutritional qualities. Therefore, leaf-shape partially contributed to the changes in micro-nutrients in cottonseed. The negative and positive correlations in 2014, and only positive correlations in 2015, were likely due to the heat difference between 2014 and 2015 as 2015 was warmer than 2014. Significant levels of seed micro-nutrients were shown between these lines, providing opportunities for breeders to select for high seed micro-nutrients in cotton. Additionally, the current research provides researchers with physiological information on the impact of leaf shape on seed nutritional quality. The leaf shape trait can also be used as a tool to study leaf development, physiological, biochemical, and morphological processes.

scholarly journals Field Emergence Affected by Zea Mays L. Cultivars and Seed Soaking in Acids of Ascorbic, Citric and Humic

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
J. J. Kadhim ◽  
Jalal Hameed Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Time Spread ◽  
Improved Characteristics

Abstract A field experiment was carried out during the spring season 2019 and 2020 to obtain a fast, uniform, and high field emergence ratio of maize seeds under a wide range of environmental conditions. Randomize complete block design in the split-plot arrangement was used with three replications. The first factor in the main plots was cultivars (5018, Baghdad3 and Sumer). The second factor in the sub-plots was seeds soaking with ascorbic and citric acids (100 mg L−1) each and humic (1 ml L−1) in addition to control treatment (seeds soaking with distilled water only). Results showed the superiority of soaking with humic acid significantly, as means of characteristics of field emergence in both seasons, respectively, were as follows: Last day of field emergence (12.4 and 12.6 days), time spread of field emergence (4.4 and 4.6 days), emergence at first and final counts (62.4 and 34.4 %) and (95.8 and 88.0 %), daily emergence rate (8.0 and 7.3 % day−1), mean field emergence time (8.7 and 9.3 days), emergence index rate (11.1 and 9.7 % day−1), velocity coefficient of field emergence (11.4 and 10.8) and emergence index (407.6 and 333.3). Cultivars didn’t differentiate among themselves, with the effect of seeds soaking in most traits. It can be concluded that seeds soaking with humic acid improved characteristics of emergence and seedlings, so it can be recommended to soaking maize seeds with humic acid at the concentration (1 ml L−1) when planting them in the spring season.

scholarly journals Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed quality as affected by variety, harvesting stage and fertilizer application in Bomet County of Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (59) ◽  
pp. 7905-7926
Author(s):  
LA Ochieng ◽  
◽  
PW Mathenge ◽  
R Muasya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A set of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological quality of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seeds subjected to different field cultural management practices. The main aim of this study was to contribute towards improved production of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench through better understanding of the crop’s agronomy. The experimental design was a three factorial split-split block design in the rain fed Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench producing areas of Bomet County of Kenya. Treatments within the block were randomized. There were three factors which included variety at two levels (improved and local varieties); fertilizer application at two levels (with and without fertilizer); and seed selection at three levels (continuous, from booting stage and at harvest). Percentages of crop emergence and days to 50% physiological maturity were determined. The following seed quality tests were carried out: 1000-seed weight, standard germination, mean germination time and electrical conductivity. The improved variety had a field emergence of 100% while that of the local variety ranged from 60 - 97%. In regard to field emergence and maturity, there were significance differences (P≤ 0.001) between plots with fertilizer and those without regardless of the variety. Those plots with fertilizer outperformed those without. Germination and vigour tests indicated that seed selection time did not influence seed vigour, viability and yield (P ≤ 0.05). However, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) between the improved variety (E1291) and local (Ochuti) variety. In relation to this, variety E1291 showed better seed vigour, viability and yield as compared to Ochuti. Similarly, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) between plots to which fertilizer was applied and those without. Fertilizer application led to an increase in seed yield, seed weight, seed vigour and viability. It was therefore concluded that (i) E1291 was more adapted to the study area as compared to Ochuti and hence should be adopted by farmers; (ii) farmers should apply optimal phosphate and nitrogenous fertilizers to their soils so as to increase the quality and yield of their seed; and (iii) farmers could continue selecting their seed using their indigenous knowledge.

scholarly journals Chemical Control of Asian Soybean Rust and Its Effect in the Yield and Quality of Soybean Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Gabriel ◽  
Dionei Schmidt Muraro ◽  
Genesio Mario da Rosa ◽  
Arci Dirceu Wastowski ◽  
Stela Maris Kulczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a foliar fungicide commonly used to control Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was carried out during the 2012/13 field season, with six treatments and four replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. The following treatments were evaluated: T1 (no fungicide application); one application at R1 stage; two applications at R1 and R3 stages; three applications at R1, R3, and R5 stages; four applications at R1, R3, R5, and R6 stages and five applications at R1, R3, R5, R6 and R7 stages. Seeds yield, seed weight, viability and vigor assessments were used to measure the impact of foliar fungicide applications on soybean yield and seed quality. The results indicated that four fungicide applications provide higher grain yield, increased seed weight, and germination percentages within commercial standards. In contrast, the number of fungicide applications did not correlate with the sanitary quality of the seeds.

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