scholarly journals Running wheel training does not change neurogenesis levels or alter working memory tasks in adult rats

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Acevedo-Triana ◽  
Manuel J. Rojas ◽  
Fernando Cardenas P.
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

BackgroundExercise can change cellular structure and connectivity (neurogenesis or synaptogenesis), causing alterations in both behavior and working memory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on working memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in adult male Wistar rats using a T-maze test.MethodsAn experimental design with two groups was developed: the experimental group (n = 12) was subject to a forced exercise program for five days, whereas the control group (n = 9) stayed in the home cage. Six to eight weeks after training, the rats’ working memory was evaluated in a T-maze test and four choice days were analyzed, taking into account alternation as a working memory indicator. Hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry of BrdU positive cells.ResultsNo differences between groups were found in the behavioral variables (alternation, preference index, time of response, time of trial or feeding), or in the levels of BrdU positive cells.DiscussionResults suggest that although exercise may have effects on brain structure, a construct such as working memory may require more complex changes in networks or connections to demonstrate a change at behavioral level.

scholarly journals Forced internal desynchrony induces cardiometabolic alterations in adult rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Isis Gabrielli Barbieri de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Divino Ferreira Junior ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Dhiogenes Balsanufo Taveira Campos ◽  
Marcos Luiz Ferreira-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Internal Desynchronization ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Disruptions in circadian rhythms have been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Forced internal desynchronization induced by a period of T-cycles of 22 h (T22 protocol) reaches the lower limit of entrainment and dissociates the circadian rhythmicity of the locomotor activity into two components, driven by different outputs from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular and metabolic response in rats submitted to internal desynchronization by T22 protocol. Male Wistar rats were assigned to either a control group subjected to a usual T-cycles of 24 h (12 h–12 h) or an experimental group subjected to the T22 protocol involving a 22-h symmetric light–dark cycle (11 h–11 h). After 8 weeks, rats subjected to the T22 exhibited desynchrony in their locomotor activity. Although plasma glucose and insulin levels were similar in both groups, desynchronized rats demonstrated dyslipidemia, significant hypertrophy of the fasciculate zone of the adrenal gland, low IRB, IRS2, PI3K, AKT, SOD and CAT protein expression and an increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. Furthermore, though they maintained normal baseline heart rates and mean arterial pressure levels, they also presented reduced baroreflex sensitivity. The findings indicate that circadian timing desynchrony following the T22 protocol can induce cardiometabolic disruptions. Early hepatic metabolism dysfunction can trigger other disorders, though additional studies are needed to clarify the causes.

scholarly journals Football Juggling Learning Alters the Working Memory and White Matter Integrity in Early Adulthood: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Yifan Shi ◽  
Kelong Cai ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Dong ◽  
Xuan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

Cross-sectional studies suggest that motor skill learning is associated with working memory (WM) and white matter integrity (WMI). However, it has not been established whether motor skill learning improves WM performance, and information on its neural mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, this study compared WM and WMI across time points prior to and following football juggling learning, in early adulthood (18–20 years old), relative to a control group. Study participants in the experimental group were subjected to football juggling for 10 weeks while participants in the control category went on with their routine life activities for the same period of time and were not involved in the learning-related activities. Data on cognitive measurements and that from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were collected before and after learning. There was a significant improvement in WM performance of the experimental group after motor learning, although no improvement was observed in the control group. Additionally, after learning, DTI data revealed a significant increase in functional anisotropy (FA) in the genu of corpus callosum (GOCC) and the right anterior corona radiata (R.ACR) in the experimental group. Moreover, the better WM associated with football juggling learning was correlated to a higher FA. Mediation analysis suggested that FA in the GOCC acts as a mediation variable between football juggling learning and WM. These findings show that motor skill learning improves the WM and remodels WMI in early adulthood. With a particular emphasis on the importance of WMI in motor skill learning and WM, this study also revealed the possible neural mechanisms mediated by WMI.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on the Immune System in Young Female Basketball Players. Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn ◽  
Mirosława Cieślicka ◽  
Hanna Dziewiecka ◽  
Sławomir Kujawski ◽  
Anita Marcinkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Function ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Experimental Group

An intensive physical exercise program could lead to a decrease in immune system function. Effects of long-term supplementation of bovine colostrum on the response of immune function on physical exercise test in athletes were examined. Twenty-seven elite female basketball players (age 16–19) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Eventually, n = 11 athletes completed intervention in the experimental group (3.2 g bovine colostrum orally twice a day for 24 weeks), while n = 9 athletes in the control group were given a placebo. Before the supplementation, after 3 and 6 months, subjects performed the physical exercise stress test. Before, just after, and 3 h after physical exercise testing, blood was drawn and immune system indicators were examined. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, creatine kinase (CK MM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and WBC, lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MON), and granulocyte (GRA) were measured. A statistically significant change in IL-10 in response to the exercise program during the supplementation period in both groups was observed (p = 0.01). However, the results of the rest of the comparisons were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Contrary to our initial hypothesis, there were no significant effects of bovine supplementation on the dynamics of immune system function indicators.

scholarly journals The use of Portland cement in the repair of mandibular fractures in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-432
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Inojosa Carneiro Campello ◽  
Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos ◽  
Gerhilde Callou Sampaio ◽  
Antonio Rolim ◽  
Gabriela Granja Porto
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

PURPOSE: To evaluate the bone healing of mandibular fractures following the use of Portland cement. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental groups. In the control group the rats were submitted to a mandibular fracture, which was reduced, and the soft tissues were sutured. In the experimental group the rats had the mandibular fracture reduced and maintained with the Portland cement. The animals were euthanized 7 and 21 days after surgery by injecting a lethal dose of anesthetic. The following variables were studied: weight of the animals, radiographic images, histopathological features and time of surgery. RESULTS: A weight loss was observed in the specimens of both groups at the different times of evaluation, a greater difference in weight before and after surgery being found in the experimental group, which was statistically significant (p <0.05, p = 0.041). From the histological point of view, with a margin of error (5.0%) the only two significant differences (p <0.05) recorded in the variables were "Material deployed" and "Bone resorption" during the evaluations at 7 and 21 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Portland cement served to promote bone healing.

scholarly journals A Subpressor Dose of Angiotensin II Elevates Blood Pressure in a Normotensive Rat Model by Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. GOVENDER ◽  
A. NADAR
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, and is an important etiological factor in the development of hypertension. Recent experimental evidence suggests that subpressor doses of angiotensin II elevate oxidative stress and blood pressure. We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress related mechanism by which a subpressor dose of angiotensin II induces hypertension in a normotensive rat model. Normotensive male Wistar rats were infused with a subpressor dose of angiotensin II for 28 days. The control group was sham operated and infused with saline only. Plasma angiotensin II and H2O2 levels, whole-blood glutathione peroxidase, and AT-1a, Cu/Zn SOD, and p22phox mRNA expression in the aorta was assessed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were elevated in the experimental group. There was no change in angiotensin II levels, but a significant increase in AT-1a mRNA expression was found in the experimental group. mRNA expression of p22phox was increased significantly and Cu/Zn SOD decreased significantly in the experimental group. There was no significant change to the H2O2 and GPx levels. Angiotensin II manipulates the free radical-antioxidant balance in the vasculature by selectively increasing O2− production and decreasing SOD activity and causes an oxidative stress induced elevation in blood pressure in the Wistar rat.

scholarly journals Diazepam attenuates the effects of cocaine on locomotion, 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations and phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Sanchez ◽  
Jose A. Pochapski ◽  
Leticia F. Jessen ◽  
Marek Ellenberger ◽  
Rainer K. Schwarting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractBackground and PurposeCurrently, no effective drug exists to treat cocaine use disorders, which affect millions of people worldwide. Benzodiazepines are potential therapeutic candidates, as microdialysis and voltammetry studies have shown that they can decrease dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rodents. In addition, we have recently shown that diazepam blocks the increase in dopamine release and the affective marker 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) induced by DL-amphetamine in rats.Experimental ApproachHere we tested whether administration of 2.5 mg·kg−1 diazepam (i.p.) in adult male Wistar rats could block the effects of 20 mg·kg−1 cocaine (i.p.) on electrically evoked phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, as well as 50-kHz USV and locomotor activity.Key ResultsCocaine injection increased evoked dopamine release up to 3-fold within 5 min and the increase was significantly higher than baseline for at least 90 min. The injection of diazepam 15 min later attenuated the cocaine effect by nearly 50% and this attenuation was maintained for at least 30 min. Stimulant drugs, natural rewards and reward predictive cues are known to evoke 50-kHz USV in adult rats. In the present study, cocaine increased the number of 50-kHz USV of the flat, step, trill, and mixed kinds by 12-fold. This effect was at maximum 5 min after cocaine injection, decreased with time and lasted at least 40 min. Diazepam significantly blocked this effect for the entire duration of the session. The distance travelled by control rats during a 40-min session of exploration in an open field was at maximum in the first 5 min and decayed progressively until the end of the session. Cocaine-treated rats travelled significantly longer distances when compared to the control group, while diazepam significantly attenuated cocaine-induced locomotion by up to 50%.Conclusions and implicationThese results suggest that the neurochemical, affective, and stimulant effects of cocaine can be mitigated by diazepam.What is already knownDiazepam decreases dopamine release in the rodent nucleus accumbens (NAc) and reduces some effects produced by DL-amphetamine.What this study addsDiazepam attenuated the increase in phasic dopamine release caused by cocaine.Diazepam blocked the effect of cocaine on 50-kHz USV and locomotor activity.Clinical significanceThis study demonstrates that diazepam can block specific effects of cocaine that likely contribute to addiction.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MENDENGARKAN MUROTTAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP MEMORI KERJA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Istiqomah Nur Aziza ◽  
Nanang Wiyono ◽  
Afia Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Test Control

It is important to optimize working memory because it transforms, synergizes and constantly updates new and old information. One way to optimize working memory is to listen to Murottal Al-Qur'an, because it has a harmonious tone which can stabilize the mind to properly process the information. This study aims to determine the effect of listening to the Al-Quran murottal on working memory. The research subjects were 24 students of Psikologi 2017, grouped equally in the control and experimental groups. An experimental intervention was administered for 15 consecutive days lasting 15 minutes and 52 seconds. Measurements in working memory use Operation Span Task, Reading Span Task and Symmetry Span Task. The design of the study used a pre-test post-test control group and the data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group on the symmetry span task subtest (p = 0.044, p <0.05).

scholarly journals The Effect of 8 Weeks of Zumba Exercıse on Flexbılıty and Some Strength Parameters in Women Aged 25-45

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2180-2184
Author(s):  
Mehmet Murat Beyaz ◽  
Gökçe Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Program ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 6-week Zumba exercises on flexibility, leg strength, back strength and muscular endurance parameters in women aged 25-45. The research group consists of a total of (n=20) women, (n=10) in the experimental group and (n=10) in the control group, between the ages of 25-45 living in Istanbul. The participants in the experimental group were given 60 minutes of Zumba exercises 3 days a week for 6 weeks, and sit-reach, 1-minute sit-up and strength test measurements were made to the participants before and after the exercise program. Participants in the control group were not included in any exercise program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the participants' flexibility, leg strength, back strength and muscular endurance values between the pre-test and post-test within the group (p< 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values between the groups (p< 0.05). In conclusion; It was determined that zumba exercises applied to the experimental group did not have a significant effect on flexibility, muscular endurance and back strength. In the leg strength parameter, the effect of zumba exercises applied to the experimental group on leg strength was found to be significant at a rate of 34%. In the light of these data, it was concluded that zumba exercises performed in sedentary women have a positive effect on lower extremity strength. Keywords: Zumba Fitness, Exercise, Women and Exercise

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety and quality of life scores in seniors after an endurance exercise program

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes ◽  
Sérgio Garcia Stella ◽  
Ruth Ferreira Santos ◽  
Orlando Francisco Amodeu Bueno ◽  
Marco Túlio de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Experimental Group

OBJECTIVE: Mood disorders are a frequent problem in old age, and their symptoms constitute an important public health issue. These alterations affect the quality of life mainly by restricting social life. The participation in a regular exercise program is an effective way of reducing or preventing the functional decline associated with aging. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of fitness-endurance activity (at the intensity of Ventilatory Threshold 1 (VT-1)) in depression, anxiety and quality of life scores in seniors. METHODS: The study involved 46 sedentary seniors aged 60-75 (66.97 ± 4.80) who were randomly allocated to two groups: 1) Control group, which was neither asked to vary their everyday activities nor to join a regular physical fitness program; and 2) Experimental group, whose members took part in an aerobic fitness program consisting of ergometer cycle sessions 3 times a week on alternate days for six months working at a heart rate corresponding to ventilatory threshold (VT-1) intensity. Subjects were submitted to a basal evaluation using the geriatric depression screening scale - GDS, STAI trait/state (anxiety scale) and SF-36 (quality of life scale). RESULTS: Comparing the groups after the study period, we found a significant decrease in depressive and anxiety scores and an improvement in the quality of life in the experimental group, but no significant changes in the control group. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that an aerobic exercise program at VT-1 intensity suffices to promote favorable modifications in depressive and anxiety scores to improve the quality of life in seniors.

Abstract 452: Effect of Exercise Training on Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayati Vohra ◽  
Kushal Madan ◽  
Manish Sharma ◽  
J.P.S Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: To study the effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise training, on sleep quality and quality of life parameters like anxiety, depression and physical functioning in Post Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients. Methods: ST elevated MI patients (n=21, <65years age) were voluntarily divided into 2 groups, control group (n=11) and exercising group (n=10). The patients in experimental group followed an exercise program of 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. The subjective quality of life, anxiety and depression levels were assessed by the SF 36 questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HAD scale) and the sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Poor sleep quality and short sleep duration was defined as PSQI > 5 and total sleep time <6hrs. respectively. After 4 weeks of the program the questionnaires were repeated for all 21 patients. Wilcoxon rank order test and Student T test were used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant Results: Intergroup analysis showed statically significant reduction in anxiety score (9vs0.5) and depression score (3vs0) in exercise group as compared to control group respectively. As compared to control group, exercise group also showed statistically significant improvement in the quality of life parameter score [physical functioning (750vs1000), role functioning physical (0vs400) & emotional (0vs300), energy level (215vs400), emotional well-being (400vs500), social functioning (120vs200), general health (230vs462.5) & health changes (50vs100)]. Intra group analysis also showed significant changes only in exercise group. After 4 weeks of exercise training, PSQI score improved in the experimental group from 9.5±4.11 to 1.13±0.35 (p=0.00029) indicating better sleep quality and duration. While it remained comparable to the baseline values in the control group i.e. from 9.9±4.70 to 10.33±3.87 (p value= 0.514). Conclusion: Four weeks of exercise program improves the quality & duration of sleep and quality of life in MI patients after 2 weeks of index event.

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