scholarly journals Pruning and dormancy breaking make two sustainable grape-cropping productions in a protected environment possible without overlap in a single year

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7412
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Qiu ◽  
Guangzheng Chen ◽  
Dongliang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Bud Breaking ◽  
One Year ◽  
Summer Fruit ◽  
Summer Crop

In table grape production, protected cultivation in a vineyard in different regions and climates is currently a commonly used practice. The aims of this study were to provide key approaches to sustainably produce two crops of grape without overlap under protected environment in a single year. Spraying the degreening chemicals 400 mg/L ethephon +0.4% sulfur at 4 weeks of vine nutrient restoration after the harvest of the summer crop resulted in the highest percentage of sprouting inflorescence. The retention of 7–10 buds in the base shoot results in the high percentage of sprouting inflorescence. Bud breaking chemicals with 2.5% hydrogen cyanamide+2.0% Baoguoliang +0.02% Shenzhonggen significantly led to sprout inflorescence more efficiently. Cluster and fruit weights of the winter crop weighed significantly less than those of the summer crop. However, the contents of total soluble sugar and titratable acidity were higher than those of the summer crop. The anthocyanin content in the peel of the winter fruit was significantly higher than that in the summer fruit. The yield of the winter crop is controlled by the yield of the summer fruit. To maintain the stability of the two crops for one year, the ratio of yield in the winter to the summer should be controlled from 2:5 to 3:5 to ensure the sustainable production of two crops without overlap for ‘Summer Black’ grape. These results may help grape growers to overcome the impacts of rainy and hot climates with the help of protected facilities, and it could enable the use of solar radiation and heat resources in subtropical and tropical areas.

Regulation of 1-MCP-Treated Banana Fruit Quality by Exogenous Ethylene and Temperature

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jiang ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. He ◽  
L. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Temperature Storage

Ripe green banana (Musa sp., AAA group, cv. Zhonggang) fruits treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) significantly delayed the peaks of respiration rate and ethylene production but did not reduce the peak height. Mature banana fruits were also treated with 1-MCP for 24 h at 20 C and then exposed to 50 mL/L ethylene or stored at different temperatures to analyse the effects of external added ethylene. Reductions in firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and starch content (SC) of banana fruits were remarkably delayed by 1-MCP treatment. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the increase of total soluble sugar (TSS) and soluble pectin (SP) contents. Soluble solids (SS) content in the 1-MCP-treated fruit remained almost unchanged during the first 10 days of storage at 20 C. No significant differences in TA, TSS, SP and SS levels were observed between the fruit treated with 1-MCP alone and the fruit treated with 1-MCP plus ethylene. The 1-MCP effects on all the parameters related to banana ripening were enhanced by low temperature storage and reduced by high temperature storage.

scholarly journals Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory carachterization of Manipuça jellies for municipal school meals of Fortaleza-CE

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane Medeiros Freitas Azevedo ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena ◽  
Oriel Herrera Bonilla ◽  
Márcia Régia Souza da Silveira ◽  
Antenor Silva Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
School Meals ◽  
School Students ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Physical Chemical

Abstract This research aimed to characterize the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characterization of manipuçá (Mouriri cearensis Huber) jellies as an alternative to school meals of an elementary public school in Fortaleza-CE. The fruits, in maturation stages 4 (mature) and 5 (senescent), were collected in the Botanical Garden of São Gonçalo, in São Gonçalo do Amarante-CE. Initially, the fruits of manipuça were processed and to obtain the jelly five formulations were proposed (treatments) containing different proportions of water and pulp (4:1-F1; 4:2-F2, 4:3-F3: 4:4-F4; and 4:5-F5), which then they were subjected to physicochemical analysis (total soluble solids-TSS; total titratable acidity-TTA; pH; TSS/TTA ratio-SAR; vitamin C-CV; total soluble sugar-TSSu, reducing sugar-RS and non-reducing sugars-NRS), microbiological (coliforms at 35°C-CF) and sensory (aroma-A; color-C; appearance-AP; flavor-F; texture-T; and the purchaser intends-PI). We used the Assistat program in statistical analyzes. The results showed the following variation in the five formulations: TSS (°Brix) - 72 (F1) to 85.12 (F5); TTA (%) - 0.95 (F1) to 0.54 (F5); pH - 4.09 (F1) to 4.30 (F5); SAR - 75.22 (F1) to 156.20 (F5); CV (mg / 100g) - 7.40 (F2) to 14.19 (F5); TS (%) - 63.97 (F1) to 79.73 (F5); RS (%) - 44.53 (F2) to 66.98 (F5); NRS (%) - 12.47 (F1) to 32.98 (F4); absence of CF; for A, C, AP, F and T, F5 was greater than F2, F3, F4 and equals to F1; and for PI, F5 was superior to all. In conclusion: the F5 is sweeter and less acidic, however, the F1 is less sweet and more acidic; the F5 obtained greater acceptance among students, so this is the ideal formulation to use as an alternative to school meals for primary school students from public schools in Fortaleza-CE.

scholarly journals Grape yield, and must compounds of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine in sandy soil with potassium contents increasing

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1376-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlise Nara Ciotta ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Lincon Oliveira Stefanello da Silva ◽  
Paulo Ademar Avelar Ferreira ◽  
Claudia Kaehler Sautter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Abstract Content ◽  
Grape Yield

ABSTRACT: Content of exchangeable potassium (K) in t soil may influence on its content in grapevines leaves, grape yield, as well as, in must composition. The study aimed to assess the interference of exchangeable K content in the soil on its leaf content, production and must composition of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' cultivar. In September 2011, in Santana do Livramento (RS) five vineyards with increasing levels of exchangeable K in the soil were selected. In the 2012/13 and 2013/14 harvests, the grape yield, yield components, total K content in the leaves in full bloom and berries veraison were evaluated. Values of total soluble sugar (TSS), pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total polyphenols and anthocyanins were evaluated in the must. Exchangeable K content increase in soil with sandy surface texture increased its content in leaves collected during full flowering and in berries and must pH; however, it did not affect production of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon'.

scholarly journals Water Relations, Growth, and the Composition of `Braeburn' Apple Fruit under Deficit Irrigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Mills ◽  
M.H. Behboudian ◽  
B.E. Clothier
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

Three-year-old `Braeburn' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on MM106 rootstock were studied in a glasshouse to assess the effects of deficit irrigation on fruit growth, water relations, composition, and the vegetative growth of the trees. Trees were assigned to one of three treatments. The control (C) was fully watered. The first deficit treatment (D1) was deficit-irrigated from 55 days after full bloom (DAFB) until final harvest at 183 DAFB. The second deficit treatment (D2) was deficit-irrigated from 105 to 183 DAFB. Compared to C, the D1 and D2 trees developed a lower photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential (Ψl), and stomatal conductance (gs) during the stress period. Trunk-circumference growth was reduced in both D1 and D2 trees, but leaf area and shoot length were reduced in D1 only. Total soluble solids increased in both D1 and D2 fruit. Fructose, sorbitol, and total soluble sugar concentrations were higher in D1 fruit than in C and D2. Titratable acidity and K+ levels were higher in D1 fruit than C and D2. For D1, lowering of fruit water potential (Ψw) was accompanied by a decrease in osmotic potential (Ψs), and therefore turgor potential (Ψp) was maintained throughout the sampling period. Regardless of fruit turgor maintenance, the weight of D1 fruit was reduced from 135 DAFB. Weight, sugar concentration, and water relations of D2 fruit were not affected by deficit irrigation. This indicates that fruit water relations and sugar concentration are modified if water deficit is imposed from early in the season. However, if water deficit is imposed later in the season it has less impact on the composition and water relations of the fruit.

scholarly journals FORMULAÇÕES DE NÉCTARES DE FRUTAS NATIVAS DAS REGIÕES NORTE E NORDESTE DO BRASIL

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MEN DE SÁ MOREIRA DE SOUZA FILHO ◽  
JANICE RIBEIRO LIMA ◽  
RENATA TIEKO NASSU ◽  
CARLOS FARLEY HERBSTER MOURA ◽  
MARIA DE FÁTIMA BORGES
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Aroma Characteristics

O presente trabalho visou avaliar formulações de néctares de frutas (araçáboi, ata, cajá, camucamu, ciriguela, mangaba e sapoti) nativas das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. As formulações foram desenvolvidas a partir da polpa dos frutos, empregandose de 30 a 35% de polpa, conforme as características de sabor e aroma. Para cada fruto foram testados dois níveis de sólidos solúveis, variando de 12 a 16 ºBrix, ajustados com adição de sacarose. Os frutos que apresentaram baixos níveis de acidez tiveram seus néctares corrigidos com adição de ácido cítrico, de maneira que a acidez ficasse entre 0,25 e 0,30%. As formulações foram avaliadas por meio de análises de pH, acidez total titulável, vitamina C, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores, sólidos solúveis totais, razão ºBrix/acidez e análise sensorial. De forma geral, somente os sólidos solúveis totais e os açúcares totais apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre as formulações de cada fruta, o que se justifica pela adição de sacarose no desenvolvimento das formulações. A relação ºBrix/acidez mantevese na faixa de 20 a 60 para todos os néctares. Os maiores níveis de vitamina C foram encontrados nos néctares de camucamu (455,2 e 470,5 mg/ 100 g) e mangaba (48,4 e 52,7 mg/100 g), enquanto os demais apresentaram níveis inferiores a 20 mg/100 g. A exceção do camucamu, todos os atributos sensoriais para os outros néctares receberam notas superiores a 6,0. Os resultados preliminares evidenciaram boa aceitação e possibilidades promissoras no aproveitamento dos frutos. Abstract This work aimed to evaluate nectar formulas from tropical fruits (aracaboi, sugar apple, red mombin, camucamu, yellow mombin, mangaba, sapoti) indigenous of North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The formulations were developed from fruit pulp using 30 to 35% according to their flavor and aroma characteristics. For each fruit two levels of total soluble sugar were used ranging from 12 to 16 ºBrix and adjusted by sucrose addition. Citric acid was added in fruits nectars which had low acidity in order to reach 0.25 to 0.30% acidity. Samples were evaluated by analysis of pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ºBrix/acidity ratio, vitamin C, total sugars, reducing sugars and sensory analysis. Only total soluble solids and total sugars showed statistical differences among formulations for each fruit, due to sucrose addition during nectars preparation. ºBrix/acidity ratio ranged from 20 to 60 for all nectars evaluated. Vitamin C highest levels were observed for camucamu (455.2 and 470.5 mg/100 g) and mangaba (48.3 and 52.7 mg/100 g) nectars. Excluding camucamu, all sensory scores for fruit nectars were higher than 6.0. Results showed good acceptability of fruit nectars and possibilities for industrial processing.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological characterization of leaves and inflorescences of commercial mini chrysanthemum varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodrigues Victor de Carvalho ◽  
Mirelle Nayana de Sousa Santos ◽  
Ana Maria Mapeli
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Abstract Chrysanthemum is among the oldest plants cultivated by man, being widely cultivated in Brazil. In view of its economic importance and use in breeding, the present study aims to characterize mini chrysanthemum varieties, focusing on morphological and physiological parameters. Therefore, four varieties of mini chrysanthemums, in pots, were acquired in the local market: V1 - ‘Swifty Light Pink’ (purple), V2 - ‘Diablo Time’ (red), V3 - ‘White Cherie’ (white); V4 - ‘Giovanni’ (yellow), from which they were taken leaves and inflorescences samples for measurement of height, diameter and fresh mass, as well as to quantify the total soluble sugar (TSS, %), reducing sugar (RS, %), non-reducing sugar (NRS, %), anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents. Regarding the characterization of inflorescences, it was found that ‘Diablo Time’ had the largest diameter, height and fresh weight, in these last two cases not differing from ‘Giovanni’, which had lower anthocyanin content; while the highest values of carbohydrate content were found in ‘White Cherie’. In relation to the characterization of the leaves, ‘Giovanni’ had the largest dimensions, fresh mass and chlorophyll content. Already ‘Swifty Light Pink’ stood as to the sugar contents. Thus, it is clear that there are morphophysiological differences between the chrysanthemum mini varieties, which can contribute to breeding programs.

scholarly journals Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Cristina Velasquez Espino ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D0), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl plants (DL) and the same leachate blending with H2O2 (1.2 M) at 1% (v/v) (DL + H2O2). After harvesting, ornamental and biomass parameters, leaf and root proline and total soluble sugar concentration and nutrient balance were assessed in each fertigation treatment. Plant height, leaf and total dry weight had the highest values in plants fertigated with leachates with H2O2, whereas root length, leaf number, RGB values and pigment concentration declined significantly in plants fertigated with leachates from C. lutescens with or without H2O2. The fertigation with leachates, regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2 increased root and leaf proline concentration. Nevertheless, root and leaf total soluble sugar concentration did not show a clear trend under the treatments assessed. Regarding nutrient balance, the addition of H2O2 in the leachate resulted in an increase in plant nutrient uptake and efficiency compared to the control treatment. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased nitrogen and potassium leached per plant compared to plants fertigated with the standard nutrient solution. The reuse of drainages is a viable option to produce ornamental plants reducing the problematic associated with the water consumption and the release of nutrients into the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biochemical Juice Attributes and Color-Related Traits in Muscadine Grape Population

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Jiovan Campbell ◽  
Ali Sarkhosh ◽  
Fariborz Habibi ◽  
Pranavkumar Gajjar ◽  
Ahmed Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Muscadine Grape

Biochemical juice attributes and color-related traits of muscadine grape genotypes have been investigated. For this study, 90 muscadine genotypes, including 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and 9 Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids (VM), were evaluated. The biochemical properties of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, and TSS/Acid (T/A) ratio showed modest diversity among genotypes with a range of 10.3 °Brix, 2.1 mg tartaric acid/L, and 4.6, respectively. Nonetheless, the pH trait exhibited a tight range of 0.74 among the population with a minimum and maximum pH of 3.11 ± 0.12 and 3.85 ± 0.12. Color-related traits showed more deviation between individuals. Total anthocyanin content (TAC), luminosity index (L*), hue angle (h°), and chroma index (C*) displayed a range of 398 µg/g DW, 33.2, 352.1, and 24, respectively. The hierarchical clustering map classified the population into two large groups of colored and non-colored grapes based on L* and h°, suggesting the predominance of these two characters among the population. The colored berries genotypes clade was further divided into several sub-clades depending on C*, TAC, and TSS levels. The principal component analysis (PCA) separated the four-color characteristics into two groups with a negative correlation between them, L* and C* versus TAC and h°. Further, PCA suggested the positive influence of acidity in enhancing the different nutraceutical components. Despite the nature of anthocyanins as a member of phenolic compounds, a lack of significant correlation between TAC and nutraceutical-related traits was detected. The dissimilatory matrix analysis highlighted the muscadine individuals C11-2-2, E16-9-1, O21-13-1, and Noble as particular genotypes among the population due to enhanced color characteristics.

scholarly journals The Dwarfing Effects of Different Plant Growth Retardants on Magnolia wufengensis L.Y. Ma et L. R. Wang

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Xiaodeng Shi ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Zhongkui Jia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
One Year ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Magnolia Wufengensis

The effects of varieties, concentrations, and number of applications of plant growth retardants (PGRs) on the morphological, physiological, and endogenous hormones of Magnolia wufengensis L.Y. Ma et L. R. Wang were assessed to obtain the most suitable dwarfing protocol for M. wufengensis and to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the cultivation and promotion of this species. One-year-old M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No. 2’ grafted seedlings served as the experimental materials. In the first part of the experiment, three PGRs (uniconazole, paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium), three concentrations (500, 1000, 1500 ppm), and three applications (one, three, and five applications) were applied in dwarfing experiments to perform L9 (34) orthogonal tests. In the second part of the study, dwarfing experiments were supplemented with different high uniconazole concentrations (0, 1500, 2000, 2500 ppm). Spraying 1500 ppm uniconazole five times achieved the best M. wufengensis dwarfing effect, related indicators of M. wufengensis under this treatment were better than other treatment combinations. Here, M. wufengensis plant height, internode length, scion diameter, and node number were significantly reduced by 56.9%, 62.6%, 72.8%, and 74.4%, respectively, compared with the control group. This treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 66.0%, peroxidase (POD) activity by 85.0%, soluble protein contents by 43.3%, and soluble sugar contents by 27.6%, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents by 32.1% in leaves of M. wufengensis compared with the control. The stress resistance of M. wufengensis was enhanced. The treatment also reduced gibberellin (GA3) levels by 73.0%, auxin (IAA) by 58.0%, and zeatin (ZT) by 70.6%, and increased (abscisic acid) ABA by 98.1% in the leaves of M. wufengensis. The uniconazole supplementation experiment also showed that 1500 ppm was the optimal uniconazole concentration. The leaves exhibited abnormalities such as crinkling or adhesion when 2000 or 2500 ppm was applied. Given the importance of morphological indicators and dwarfing for the ornamental value of M. wufengensis, the optimal dwarfing treatment for M. wufengensis was spraying 1500 ppm uniconazole five times.

scholarly journals Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Md. Jahirul Islam ◽  
Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽  
Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Soyel Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Processes

The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.

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