The Magbukon Literary Arts among the Aetas of Bataan, Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. David
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Cultural Erosion ◽  
Literary Arts ◽  
The Many

Magbukon is the indigenous dialect of an Aeta tribe in Bataan which is potentially extinct due to cultural erosion as a result of tribe’s assimilation with the lowlanders. Using ethnographic approach, this study focused on the preservation of Aeta Magbukon oral tradition as a means of preserving their language. Their literary arts are preserved only by oral tradition and being transferred by the elders to the younger generation. The researcher is afraid that if these literary arts are not properly documented and published the sooner, it will vanish forever together with their native dialect. Thus, this study is twofold, preserving the language and preserving the oral heritage which have the same impact of importance and has received a great deal of support from many civilized countries including the UNESCO that spent a lot of resources to safeguard the many endangered languages and oral heritage around the world. As this study gains acceptance and credence from both the simple and the prudent, the education and wisdom encompassed in the language under study will have an explicit possibility of incessant transfer to the younger age group, thus, an extensive and positive reception of the culture and its people as a whole. KEYWORDS - Language and literature, oral tradition, literary arts, endangered language, language death, indigenous language, ethnography, descriptive design, Bataan, Philippines

scholarly journals Language death and revival: Cornish as a minority language in UK

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Renkó-Michelsén
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Community Language

The paper introduces the worldwide phenomenon of language death, and briefly elaborates on the arguments for saving endangered languages. The main focus of the paper is revived Cornish. Cornish is a Celtic language that was spoken in Cornwall, UK between the 7th and 16th century. Due to Anglicisation, it became gradually endangered and finally died out as a community language during the 18th century. The revival of Cornish started with the publication of Henry Jenner's Handbook of the Cornish Language in 1904. Today Cornish is recognised by UNESCO as a 'critically endangered' language. The paper presents an analysis of revived Cornish along Fishman's Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS).

scholarly journals Grammar writing for a grammar-reading audience

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
User Friendly

Thousands of languages are currently in danger of extinction without having been adequately documented by linguists. This fact represents a tragedy for communities in which endangered languages are spoken, for linguistics as a discipline and for all of humanity. One major role of the field of linguistics is to describe languages accurately and thoroughly for the benefit of all concerned. This paper presents the results of an informal survey of major users of grammatical descriptions and gives lists of dos and don’ts for those contemplating a descriptive study of one of the many endangered languages of the world. Concrete suggestions are provided that will help grammar writers produce user-friendly, thorough and useful grammatical descriptions.

The Role of Demographic and Symbolic Features in Clinical Arabic Graphesthesia Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taim A. Muayqil ◽  
Mohammed H. Alanazy ◽  
Maan J. Al-Herbish ◽  
Mohammed Al-Nafisah ◽  
Lubna M. Halawani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Order ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hand Dominance ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
The Many

Objective: Graphesthesia is the ability to identify a symbol traced on the skin. Agraphesthesia is the impairment in this ability and is encountered in various disorders of the somatosensory pathways. We aimed to describe the demographic and symbolic features that influence correct recognition of Arabic graphesthesia stimuli in healthy Arabic individuals. Methods: Participants were community dwelling healthy Arabian individuals of 18 years of age or older. Demographic information collected included age, gender, years of education, and hand dominance. Assessment was conducted using a list of 15 symbols drawn in a single stroke while the hands were obscured from vision. Symbols were current letters and numbers from Arabic script. Each participant was exposed to 60 attempts in total in a random order and correct responses were counted. Results: A total of 126 male and female participants were included. On average, men scored less than women (p < 0.0001), older subjects scored less than those below 30 years of age (p = 0.03), and higher years of education resulted in higher scores (p = 0.047) while handedness did not significantly associate with performance. More correct responses were seen for numerical symbols than letters (p < 0.0001). Symbols with unique script were more likely to be correctly identified. Conclusions: Number and letter symbols traced on the palm are identified with varying levels of accuracy when conducted according to our method. Female gender, younger age, and higher education are associated with higher scores. Among the many potential symbolic properties that contribute to recognition, a numeric symbol with a unique script is most likely to be correctly identified.

Language Documentation in Diaspora Communities

2018 ◽  
pp. 398-418
Author(s):  
Daniel Kaufman ◽  
Ross Perlin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Endangered Language

Due to environmental, economic, and social factors, cities are increasingly absorbing speakers of endangered languages. In this chapter, the authors examine some of the ways that organizations can work with communities in an urban setting to further language documentation, conservation, and revitalization. They base their discussion on their experience at the Endangered Language Alliance, a non-profit organization based in New York City that facilitates collaboration between linguists, students, speakers of endangered languages, and other relevant parties. While ex-situ language documentation has not been given much attention in the literature, they argue that it has its own unique advantages and that diaspora communities need to be taken seriously, both to fully understand language endangerment and to better counteract it.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. xxviii-18
Author(s):  
Lyle Campbell ◽  
Kenneth L. Rehg
Keyword(s):  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Reference Volume ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages’ purposes are (1) to provide a reasonably comprehensive reference volume for endangered languages, with the scope of the volume as a whole representing the breadth of the field; (2) to highlight both the range of thinking about language endangerment and the variety of responses to it; and (3) to broaden understanding of language endangerment, language documentation, and language revitalization, and, in so doing, to encourage and contribute to fresh thinking and new findings in support of endangered languages. This chapter introduces the thirty-nine chapters of this Handbook, which are addressed to the themes and approaches in scholarship on endangered language and to these objectives of the book. The authors introduce the criteria for determining whether a language is endangered and just how endangered it is, address the causes of language endangerment, review the reasons for why the language endangerment crisis matters, and discuss the variety of responses to it.

scholarly journals Kia kaua te reo e rite ki te moa, ka ngaro: do not let the language suffer the same fate as the moa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (162) ◽  
pp. 20190526
Author(s):  
Tessa Barrett-Walker ◽  
Michael J. Plank ◽  
Rachael Ka'ai-Mahuta ◽  
Daniel Hikuroa ◽  
Alex James
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Learning Rates ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Using Data

More than a third of the world's languages are currently classified as endangered and more than half are expected to go extinct by 2100. Strategies aimed at revitalizing endangered languages have been implemented in numerous countries, with varying degrees of success. Here, we develop a new model regarding language transmission by dividing the population into defined proficiency categories and dynamically quantifying transition rates between categories. The model can predict changes in proficiency levels over time and, ultimately, whether a given endangered language is on a long-term trajectory towards extinction or recovery. We calibrate the model using data from Wales and show that the model predicts that the Welsh language will thrive in the long term. We then apply the model to te reo Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand, as a case study. Initial conditions for this model are estimated using New Zealand census data. We modify the model to describe a country, such as New Zealand, where the endangered language is associated with a particular subpopulation representing the indigenous people. We conclude that, with current learning rates, te reo Māori is on a pathway towards extinction, but identify strategies that could help restore it to an upward trajectory.

scholarly journals Kia kaua te reo e rite ki te moa, ka ngaro: Do not let the language suffer the same fate as the moa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Barrett-Walker ◽  
Michael J. Plank ◽  
Rachael Ka’ai-Mahuta ◽  
Daniel Hikuroa ◽  
Alex James
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Learning Rates ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Using Data

AbstractMore than a third of the world’s languages are currently classified as endangered and more than half are expected to go extinct by 2100. Strategies aimed at revitalising endangered languages have been implemented in numerous countries, with varying degrees of success. Here, we develop a new model regarding language transmission by dividing the population into defined proficiency categories and dynamically quantifying transition rates between categories. The model can predict changes in proficiency levels over time and, ultimately, whether a given endangered language is on a long-term trajectory towards extinction or recovery. We calibrate the model using data from Wales and show that the model predicts that the Welsh language will thrive in the long term. We then apply the model to te reo Māori, the Indigenous language of New Zealand, as a case study. Initial conditions for this model are estimated using New Zealand census data. We modify the model to describe a country, such as New Zealand, where the endangered language is associated with a particular subpopulation representing the Indigenous People. We conclude that, with current learning rates, te reo Māori is on a pathway towards extinction, but identify strategies that could help restore it to an upward trajectory.

scholarly journals UNESCO’s Atlas on Endangered Languages and the Local Context

SEEU Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Agim Poshka
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Language

Abstract This article analyses the overall development of the endangered language around the world in reference to UNESCO’s Atlas of World Endangered Languages and reflects on the local context. The focus to local context refers to the current territory of North Macedonia in which it is believed there are 7 endangered languages such as: Adyge, Aromanian, Gagauz (South Balkans), Megleno-Romanian, Judezmo, Romani and Torlak. These languages are classified as endangered but are still spoken in the country. The article also reflects on the status of the Albanian language in North Macedonia by drawing comparisons with two other language varieties such as Arberesh which spoken in Southern Italy and Arvanitika spoken in Greece. The challenges that these minority languages have faced in particular countries should serve as a guide in designing effective language policies in North Macedonia in order for the language not be endangered. In the last section the article report on the phenomena of Globalization in which English has become the global language and at the same time has accelerated the loss of many native languages around the globe.

scholarly journals Tradisi Tinilo Pa’ita dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Gorontalo

Panggung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Alfanikmah ◽  
Zulkarnain Mistortoify
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to find out the form of the tradition of tinilo pa’ita present at the ceremony commemoratingthe 40th day of someone’s death because currently the tradition of tinilo pa’ita is fairly difficult to find inits community. This study uses qualitative research methods using an ethnographic approach by Spradleyto understand a culture from the point of view of their owners of culture. Tinilo pa’ita is a tradition inthe form of chants. Tinilo Pa’ita is present in the tradition of wopato pulu huyi. This song containsan apology for the person who has died, advice to the family left behind to remain patient and sincere,advice to the other peolple who is left to always remember death and always carry out the religious ordersadopted by the community, namely Islam. In its implementation, tinilo pa’ita attended several stagesof the wopato pulu huyi ceremony. The presence of tinilo pa’ita in Gorontalo society can only be foundduring the wopato pulu huyi because, the community believes this song can only be sung when it is sideby side with the tomb that will be delivered to the tomb. Until now the tradition of tinilo pa’ita is stillbeing carried out even though it is only in certain areas.Keywords: Oral Tradition, Tinilo Pa’ita, Funeral ceremonyABSTRAKTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk tradisi tinilo pa’ita yang hadir dalam upacaraperingatan hari ke 40 kematian seseorang sebab saat ini tradisi tinilo pa’ita terbilang cukupsulit untuk dijumpai dalam masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitiankualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi oleh Spradley untuk memahami sebuahkebudayaan dari sudut pandang mereka pemilik kebudayaan. Tinilo pa’ita merupakan sebuahtradisi yang berbentuk lantunan nyanyian. Tinilo Pa’ita hadir dalam tradisi wopato pulu huyi.Nyanyian ini berisi permohonan maaf atas orang yang telah meninggal, nasihat kepada keluargayang ditinggalkan agar tetap sabar dan ikhlas, nasehat kepada handaitaulan yang ditinggalkanuntuk selalu mengingat kematian dan senantiasa menjalankan perintah agama yang dianutoleh masyarakat yakni agama Islam. Dalam pelaksanaanya, tinilo pa’ita hadir dalam beberapatahapan pelaksanaan upacara wopato pulu huyi. Kehadiran tinilo pa’ita dalam masyarakatGorontalo hanya dapat dijumpai saat wopato pulu huyi sebab, masyarakat percaya nyanyianini hanya bisa dilantunkan pada saat berdampingan dengan nisan yang akan diantarkan kemakam. Hingga saat ini tradisi tinilo pa’ita masih terus dilaksanakan meskipun hanya padadaerah-daerah tertentu saja.Kata Kunci: Tradisi Lisan, Tinilo Pa’ita, Upacara Pemakaman

“Will the Real Semi-Speaker Please Stand Up?” Language Vitality, Semi-Speakers, and Problems of Enumeration in the Canadian North

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Boltokova
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Canadian North ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Linguistic Practices ◽  
Language Revitalisation

This article reassesses categories used in language revitalisation efforts and critiques some enumeration practices that language activists use to measure language endangerment and vitality. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the Dene Tha settlement of Chateh in northwestern Alberta, Canada, I argue that the practices of speaker enumeration are often premised on idealised notions of who counts as an endangered language speaker. Standard methods for counting endangered language speakers fail to capture the heterogeneous linguistic practices of partially fluent “semi-speakers,” who often constitute the majority of young speakers in endangered language communities. To correct this oversight, I propose shifting the discourse of language endangerment toward one of language vitality, enabling semi-speakers to be recognised and counted as rightful, valid speakers of endangered languages.

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