scholarly journals Relationship between Designed Fire and Performance of Smoke-Control System in a Living Room

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Suckhwan Joung ◽  
Wonsin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Smoke Control System

The effects of the size of a designed fire on the ventilation system of an adjacent zone is estimated in this study based on a visibility requirement of 5 m in a non-fire zone at 600 s after ignition. To verify the adequacy of the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) input file, smoke movement and ceiling temperature under the hot smoke test conditions of AS4391-1999 were compared with those from the FDS results. The average temperatures measured at 12 locations were within the range of ± 2σ, with the exception of one point, and predicted smoke movement adequately. The size of the designed fire was analyzed in terms of the air volume conditions of the NFSC 501 for a heat release rate (HRR) of 1650 kW (air supply and exhaust at 45,000 cubic meters per hour (CMH)) as well as air volume conditions for a HRR of 1100 kW (air supply at 35,606 CMH and exhaust at 32,506 CMH). It was determined that one of the major factors influencing the required safety egress time was the mixture of downdraft airflow from the diffusers and smoke layer crossing the ventilation boundary.

A Computational Analysis of Flow Field in Twin-Track Subway Tunnel to Improve Air Quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 599-604
Author(s):  
Makhsuda Juraeva ◽  
Kyung Jin Ryu ◽  
Sang Hyun Jeong ◽  
Dong Joo Song
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
And Performance

A computational model of existing Seoul subway tunnelwas analyzed in this research. The computational model was comprised of one natural ventilationshaft, two mechanical ventilationshafts, one mechanical airsupply, a twin-track tunnel, and a train. Understanding the flow pattern of the train-induced airflow in the tunnel was necessary to improve ventilation performance. The research objective wasto improve the air quality in the tunnel by investigating train-induced airflow in the twin-track subway tunnel numerically. The numerical analysis characterized the aerodynamic behavior and performance of the ventilation system by solving three-dimensional turbulent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. ANSYS CFX software was used for the computations. The ventilation and aerodynamic characteristics in the tunnel were investigated by analyzing the mass flowrateat the exits of the ventilation mechanicalshafts. As the train passed the mechanical ventilation shafts, the amount of discharged-air in the ventilationshafts decreased rapidly. The air at the exits of the ventilation shafts was gradually recovered with time, after the train passed the ventilation shafts. The developed mechanical air-supply for discharging dusty air and supplying clean airwas investigated.The computational results showed that the developed mechanical air-supplycould improve the air quality in the tunnel.

Smoke Flow Control in Tunnels Using Natural Ventilation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Colino ◽  
Elena B. Rosenstein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Emergency Ventilation ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Smoke Control System ◽  
Ventilation Systems

This paper provides an overview of the design of natural ventilation systems to control smoke movement in rail tunnels. The paper discusses the current industry standards and design requirements for tunnel emergency ventilation systems, and then addresses the various technical elements that are used to design such systems. These technical elements include parameters in the direct control of the designer, as well as those that are beyond the control of the designer. The paper also presents a case study where various physical design elements are utilized to create a working natural ventilation smoke control system for a short rail tunnel.

scholarly journals An Air Terminal Device with a Changing Geometry to Improve Indoor Air Quality for VAV Ventilation Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4947
Author(s):  
Nina Szczepanik-Scislo ◽  
Jacek Schnotale
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Terminal Device ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Comfort Parameters

This study aimed to develop a new concept for an air terminal device for a VAV (variable air volume) ventilation system that would improve overall ventilation efficiency under a varying air supply volume. In VAV systems, air volume is modified according to the thermal load in each ventilated zone. However, lowering the airflow may cause a lack of proper air distribution and lead to the degradation of hygienic conditions. To combat this phenomenon, an air terminal device with an adapting geometry to stabilize the air throw, such that it remains constant despite the changing air volume supplied through the ventilation system, was designed and studied. Simulations that were performed using the RNG k–ε model in the ANSYS Fluent application were later validated on a laboratory stand. The results of the study show that, when using the newly proposed terminal device with an adaptive geometry, it is possible to stabilize the air throw. The thermal comfort parameters such as the PMV (predicted mean vote) and PPD (predicted percentage of dissatisfied) proved that thermal comfort was maintained in a person-occupied area regardless of changing airflow though the ventilation system.

scholarly journals Proposal of Air Supply Smoke Control System about Stair-case Considering Stack Effect & Opening of the Outside Door

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Yongkwang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Stack Effect ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Safety Code ◽  
Entrance Door ◽  
Smoke Control System

Most of the special escape staircase smoke control systems for high-rise buildings in accordance with the national fire safety code NFSC 501A are constructed with smoke control only vestibule, making it difficult to expect a proper role in an emergency. This standard, which was created by introducing the concept of air supply pressurized smoke control 25 years ago, created Korea´s smoke control only vestibule, which was not found in developed countries, and has been mainly applied to it to fit into the poor architectural environment of the time. However, there is a fundamental flaw there, so the performance test for completion without occupants is passed, but in the presence of occupants, the performance does not come out properly and it is being blamed for being useless. In this regard, the author proposes a method of air supply pressurized smoke control for stair-case that avoid the smoke control method only vestibule, reduces the stack effect with good cost-effectiveness, and considers opening the outside entrance door of the stair-case.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Domestic and Foreign Standards for Air Supply for the Improvement of a Smoke Control System for High-Rise Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Hye-Won Kim ◽  
Byeong-Heun Lee ◽  
Seung-Hyeon Jin ◽  
Su-Gak Lee ◽  
Jung-Yup Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Smoke Control System

Application of Computer Simulation Technique in Smoke Control System Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1848-1852
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Si Cheng Li ◽  
Jie Ji
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Control System ◽  
System Design ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Control System Design ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Supply Mode ◽  
Smoke Control System

The fire simulation technology is widely used with the rapid development of computer technology. Taking a 12-story building for calculation, numerical simulation method is used to analyze the wind speed distribution characteristics of opening stairwell door and lobby door under different air supply volume. Then the appropriate pressurized air supply mode and back pressure coefficient value under natural smoke venting have been recommended. The researches show that computer simulation can be used in smoke control system design to help determine pressurized air supply mode and design parameters, so as to solve difficult problems in engineering design.

A Study on the Technique for Fire Smoke Control in Urban Traffic Link Tunnel

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1117-1127
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Jian Bo Wu ◽  
Zhi Gang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ju Li
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Fire Dynamics

Urban traffic link tunnels (UTLT) have a complex design and are a significant fire hazard. Due to the circular nature of the tunnels, smoke can easily spread through the tunnel during a fire and form a circulation loop, severely hampering safe evacuation and rescue. In this paper, the 2.8km long UTLT in Sichuan, China's Dayuan central business district (CBD) was the study subject. Fire dynamics and similarity theory were employed to perform theoretical calculations and numerical simulations targeting four different mechanical smoke extraction methods under typical fire conditions. Smoke movement was quantitatively analyzed, thus determining which of the four plans was the optimal smoke control technique: semi-transverse ventilation combined with sinking-courtyard air compensation, with ventilation beginning in the fire zone and the two flanking smoke control zones at a rate of 20 ventilations/hour. Our result provides a theoretical basis for designing and running a smoke control system in relevant projects at home and abroad, and serves as both a theoretical and a constructive practical ground for formulating regulations related to UTLT.

Numerical Analysis on Parameters Adjustment of Smoke Control System in a Complicated Underground Commercial Zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 743-747
Author(s):  
De Wen Li ◽  
Jing Zhao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Underground Fire ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Smoke Control System

The technical parameters adjustment of smoke control system in a complicated underground commercial zone is studied by numerical simulations. An underground fire model (it encloses a hotel, a supermarket, and a net bar) and five typical fire scenarios are designed. The Fire Dynamic Simulator code is used to investigate the characteristics of fire spread and smoke movement, and obtain the available safety egress times in different fire scenarios. The required safety egress time is calculated based on the data of actual simulation exercises and numerical simulation by Building EXODUS. The simulation results show that, when the smoke exhaust rate is 5.56 cubic meter per second and air low rate reaches 3.89 cubic meter per second simultaneously, the available safety egress time is more than the required safety egress time.

CFD Analysis of Performance of a Reconstruction Plan of Smoke Control System in Metro Station

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Shu Xia Yan ◽  
Xi Ping Wu ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Subway Station ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Supply Pipe ◽  
Smoke Control System ◽  
In Fire

There are plenty of pipes to be arranged in subway station platform. Optimizing the air-conditioning system ducts is especially important because of its large size. Due to the location of stairs and the size of ducts, the platform exhaust ducts of a Shanghai subway station were laid out within the range from the stair to the end of the platform which probably can’t exhaust smoke effectively in fire. In reconstruction plan, air supply ducts and discharge ducts are connected and valves are added. Air supply pipe can be changed into discharge duct by controlling the valves. The smoke extraction performances of the original plan and the reconstruction plan are analyzed with the CFD numerical simulation. The results show that the reconstruction plan can make up the shortcoming of the original plan and contribute to the layout of pipes in new platform.

Analysis of Fire Smoke Control System of under Construction Tunnel

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 1245-1250
Author(s):  
Jia Yun Sun ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Jian Ping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Smoke Control System ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Compared with operated tunnel, one of the distinguishing features of a tunnel during construction is its single-ended geometry. The direction of fire smoke movement is the same as the direction for worker to evacuate the tunnel. This paper calculates fire-induced conditions, including temperature, smoke movement and visibility, which are influenced by two different ventilation systems. According to the simulation, when the fire located at bottom of tunnel, forced extraction is more effective; when the fire located at middle of tunnel, forced injection can protect workers in tunnel. Besides，increasing ventilation rate can control smoke spread effectively.

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