scholarly journals Determinants of child Labour in Crop Production (A Case Study of Anambra State of Nigeria).

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ume Smiles ◽  
C I Ezeano ◽  
A. K.O. Nnadozie
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Heads

Determinants of child Labour use among rural household crop farmers in Anambra State of Nigeria were studied. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select one hundred (100) respondents for the detailed study. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents for the study. Percentage response was used to capture objective i and iii.  Objective ii was capture using Probit model analysis.  The result showed that majority of the respondents were married, youthful, had moderate household size, educated and highly experienced in farming. The determinant factors to the use of child labour among rural household were relationship between the child and household heads, access to credit and educational level.  The major operations accomplished by the children in the study area were bird scaring, fertilizer application and planting. The child right act should be enforced by appropriate government agencies and the offenders brought to book, free education to all children and social mobilization on change of attitude to use of child labour were recommended. Keywords; Determinants, Child Labour, Crop Production, Anambra  State, Nigeria

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Level of Rural Households Livelihood Diversification in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Wanno Wallole ◽  
Yishak Gecho ◽  
Tewodros Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Livelihood ◽  
Household Heads

Livelihood diversification is enchanting a significant effect in generating household’s income. The livelihood diversification includes:on-farm, non-farm and off-farm strategies which are undertaken to get extra income and moderate hazard and insecurity. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting the level of rural household livelihood diversification in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted by using a cross-sectional research design. It is a quantitative dominant concurrent mixed research methodology where the qualitative research is complemented with interpretations and triangulation. By applying multi-stage random sampling technique, a sample size of 400 household heads from 6 sample villages was selected and data were collected using interview schedule and via key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and presented by using tables, graphs and figures while chi-square-test and F-test were employed to make statistical inferences. Tobit model was employed to identify the intensity of factors affecting of rural household’s livelihood diversification. Out of the 14 hypothesized explanatory variables, 6 variables namely age, education, access to extension, media access, distance to urban centers and training were found to have significant effect in rural household livelihood diversification decision. Therefore, the findings of this imply that rural households’ development policies should consider these factors in designing rural household livelihood diversification strategy.

Determinants of food demand among urban households in Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Oyeyode Tohib Obalola ◽  
Likita Tanko ◽  
Kazeem Oriyomi Aboaba ◽  
Bello Bunza Abubakar ◽  
Emmanuel Egbodo Boheje ODUM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Normal Goods ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Income Elasticity Of Demand

Agricultural products including rice, yam and cowpea play significant roles in the food consumption of urban dwellers. However, increase in crop production cost has continued to threaten urban food price in Nigeria. This study analyzed the determinants of demand for food commodities among urban households in Minna metropolis. Data were collected from 110 household heads of urban residences, which were selected through a three-stage random sampling technique. Data collected for the study were analyzed using multiple regression technique. The results showed that rice, yam and cowpea were price in-elastic. The cross-price elasticities for rice, yam and cowpea were -0.132, 0.028 and 0.005 respectively. The computed own price, cross price and income elasticity of demand for rice were –0.308, -0.132 and 0.018 respectively. For yam, the computed values were -1.262, 0.028 and 0.289 respectively. While for cowpea, these values were -0.530, 0.005 and 0.002 respectively. For the income elasticity, rice and cowpea were proven to be normal goods and yam as a luxury good. The social protection strategies in form of food aids policy should be put into action to minimize the inflationary pressure on food items in the urban areas.

scholarly journals Determinants for Choice of Fish Market Channels: The Case of Busia (Uganda/Kenya) Border

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Mastulah Kawala ◽  
Theodora Shuwu Hyuha ◽  
Ekere William ◽  
Peter Walekwa ◽  
Gabriel Elepu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Marketing Organization ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Marketing Organisation ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Fish Marketing ◽  
Fish Trade

The study investigated factors influencing the choice of fish traders’ marketing channel by fish trader and the determinants of their gross margins. A multistage sampling technique of 115 fish traders was used. Four key informants and two focus groups participated in the study. A Probit model was used to determine factors that influenced the choice of fish traders’ marketing channel. Findings from the study revealed that volumes of fish traded per month, distance to market, membership to a fish marketing organization, payment mode, household size, presence of other sources of income were statistically significant in determining traders’ choice of marketing channel. In addition, it was found that a formal trader on average sold 6.882 tons of fish whereas 2.095 tons of fish were sold by the informal trader per month. The study therefore recommends that Informal traders be clustered into a marketing organisation; through which they can be trained on business diversification, collective marketing, and group savings to ease access to credit. It is important to eliminate the challenges encouraging informal cross border fish trade by harmonizing regional fish standards, facilitating exchange and use of fishery trade information. Further, there is need to strengthen the data collection systems in order to have accurate estimates on the contribution of fish to trade and food security.

scholarly journals SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
L.W. AGBOOLA ◽  
O.L. BALOGUN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Sustainable Conservation

The study examined soil conservation techniques and its effect on productivity of arable crop farmers in Kogi state, Nigeria. Data were collected from 184 farmers using three stage sampling technique.  Data analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and regression analysis. Result shows that the soil conservation technique prevalent in the area was application of inorganic fertilizer. About 36.4% of the sampled household heads have productivity value above average across all the soil conservation categories (productive). Result also reveals that age (-1.801), household size (-0.310) and access to credit (-0.056) impacted arable crop farmers negatively while alley cropping (0.357), crop rotation (0.380), application of inorganic fertilizer (0.503), mulching (0.560) and organic manure (0.373) positively impacted arable farmers’ productivity.  The study concludes that soil conservation techniques are productivity enhancer. Promoting sustainable conservation techniques that are farm or farmer specific is recommended.    

The Effect of Financial Constraint on Farmers’ Health: Evidence from Rural China.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-437
Author(s):  
Henry Orach ◽  
Chen Pu ◽  
Shen Qianling ◽  
Wei Shiying ◽  
Hassan Ssewajje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Health is an important tool to farmers. However, percentage of farmers are unable to obtain good health due to inadequate capital and inadequate access to credit from financial institutions. Using China’s rural household income survey (CHIP) database conducted in 2014, this study contributes to the literatures by analyzing the effect of credit rationing on rural farmers’ health status. Ordered probit model was used to evaluate the impact of credit rationing on farmers’ health status. Credit rationing was found to play the negative role of hindering rural farmers from accessing good health status. This study definitely answers the question regarding the negative effect of credit rationing on the health status of rural household farmers. Further study to establish causal relationships using time-variants/panel datasets.

scholarly journals Access to Credit and Constraint Analysis: The Case of Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Kwaku Denkyirah ◽  
Ahmed Abdul Aziz ◽  
Elijah Kofi Denkyirah ◽  
Ofori Obeng Nketiah ◽  
Elvis Dartey Okoffo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance ◽  
On Farm

The study assessed rice farmers’ access to credit and constraints in rice production in the Tolon District of Ghana. A total of 140 rice farmers were sampled for the study using multi-stage sampling technique. The probit model was used to estimate the factors that affected rice farmers’ access to credit. The Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to assess the constraints in rice production. The results of the study revealed that majority of the rice farmers accessed credit from family and friends and invested the credit into non-agricultural activities. The probit result revealed that age, marital status, member of farmer based organization, extension visit, record keeping and farm income were the significant variables that influenced rice farmers’ access to credit. The results also revealed that high cost of inputs and pest were the most pressing institutional and technical constraints in rice production, respectively. The study recommends that credit should be converted to physical inputs and other services and delivered to farmers to help minimize credit diversion from the farm sector. Rice farmers should be encouraged to form farmer groups and keep records of farming activities considering the fact that it positively influenced farmers’ access to credit. Subsidies should be provided on farm inputs. Effective ways of eliminating pest on rice fields should be developed since it was a major challenge facing the rice farmers in their production.

scholarly journals The Impact of Child Labour on Children’s Educational Achievement in Ganta Afeshum Woreda, Tigray State, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Worku Dibu
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
The Impact

Child labour is an important aspect of social and economic reality that surrounds us although it is sometimes unnoticed. It is the severe problem of the world in general and the sub-Saharan countries like Ethiopia in particular in which children are considered an asset and means to improve livelihood of their family at the expense of their education. The attempt towards the elimination of child labor in Ethiopia is still lagging compare to the rest world. This in turn is affecting adversely the accumulation of human capital. Thus, the researcher was intended to assess the impact of Child Labour on Children’s Educational Achievement in Ganta Afeshum Woreda and give the possible solution to overcome this problem. To realize this objective, the researcher employed qualitative approach and used in depth interview, FGD, key informant interview, personal observation data collection instruments and employed descriptive research and purposive sampling technique. The researcher analyzed the finding qualitatively through interpretation, description and summarization of the data. As the finding of the study indicates child labour is sever in rural area than urban area and also girls are more exposed for child labour than boys, children are involved in domestic and non-domestic productive activities. The attitude of communities toward child labour is also positive; they consider children as valuable asset for contributing family income. The views of households on working children arise commonly from their poor knowledge about the issue and is directed by traditional outlooks of uprooting ‘milk teeth’, that is seen as a shift from childhood to adulthood. As the finding indicates, Child labour has an impact on children’s educational achievement by making them: repeated the class, absenteeism from class, drop out, make very tired, shortage of times for study and reducing the chance to access education, beside this, as the finding indicate attitude of the communities, employers, poverty coupled with limited access to credit, health and family size as well as the abusive practices are the challenges that hamper eliminating of child labour. Finally, as the finding indicate the local administrator strategy of employing one sector, one children and work with NGOs, private sector and public sectors play significant role via improving the future childhood of children.

scholarly journals Relationship between Rural Finance Institution Services and Standard of Living of Rural Farming Households in Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Chizoba P. Anunobi ◽  
Nneamaka O. T. Nwankwo ◽  
Cynthia Obi-Nwandikom
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
High Extent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Farming Households

This study aimed at examining the relationship between Rural Finance Institution (RUFIN) services and standard of living of rural farming households in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study specifically ascertained the RUFIN credit services rendered to the rural households, compared the rural households’ standard of living before and after accessing RUFIN credit services and identified the challenges faced by the rural households in accessing the services of RUFIN. The method of judgmental sampling technique was used in selecting 367 farming household heads that benefitted from RUFIN credit services in Anambra State. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics while ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that majority of the RUFIN services were accessible to rural farming households, the rural households were operating at a very high extent and high extent in almost all aspects of their livelihood after benefitting from RUFIN credit delivery services. It is recommended that Rural Finance Institution services should give more attention to monitoring and supervision of credit utilization among farming households.

scholarly journals ATTITUDE OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS OF SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA TOWARDS UTILIZATION OF WATER SANITATION FACILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
W.A. Adewole ◽  
A.R. Ayoade ◽  
O.E Oladapo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Household Heads

The study examined the Attitude of rural households of south west Nigeria towards utilization of water sanitation facilities the study specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of the rural household heads; identified various sources of water supply and their providers; determined the attitude of respondents to the utilization of water sanitation facilities and identified the constraints to water sanitation facilities utilization. The population of the study comprised of all the rural households in Ondo and Oyo States in Southwestern of Nigeria. The sampling procedure employed was multistage sampling technique to select 355 household heads comprising a total of 167 rural household considered out of 278 rural households from the selected cells in Oyo state while a total of 188 rural household heads selected out of 314 rural household heads from the selected cells in Ondo State for the study. The data for the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistical tools such as logistic regression analysis model and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis.       The result revealed a mean age of the respondents from Ondo State was 47 years while that of respondents from Oyo State was 45 years. Rain water collection was the major source of improved water supply from Ondo State (87.4%) and Oyo State (86.7%). Majority had favourable attitude towards utilization of water sanitation facilities while the level of utilization of water sanitation facilities is still on moderate level. The result of the Regression analysis model indicated that years of schooling (t=-3.758***; p=0.000) and households’ size (t=-2.089**; p=0.037) were significantly related to utilization of water sanitation facilities. It was therefore concluded that the utilization of water sanitation facilities was influenced by income level, household size and people’s attitude/disposition towards water sanitation facilities. Since income level is a strong determinant of utilization of water sanitation facilities, there is need to make credit available to the rural households in case of breakdown of the facilities to enable immediate repairs thereby enhancing their health and utilization level

The Influence of Attitudes, Subjective, Norms, and Behavior Controls on Intention to Choose Islamic Banks With Islamic Religiosity as a Moderating Variable (Case Study at Bri Syariah Purwokerto Customers)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Khoyrun Najakh ◽  
Dwiwiyati Astogini ◽  
Sri Martini
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Customers

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitudes on the intention to choose Islamic banks, to analyze the effect of subjective norm on the intention to choose Islamic banks. to analyze the effect of the control behavior of the intention to choose the Islamic banks, to analyze the moderating influence of religiosity on the relationship attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control of the intention to choose the Islamic banks . The method used is a survey with a sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of this study was 100 respondents . Further analysis tools used in this study is multiple regression analysis using SPSS 16.0 software . Based on this study it can be concluded that the attitude does not affect to the intention of choose Bank BRISyariah. Subjective norm positive effect on intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Control behavior does not affect to the intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Relationship between Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Behavior Control with the intention to select Bank BRISyariah not moderated by religiosity.Based on these conclusions can be said that the Bank BRISyariah should improve understanding related to the subjective norm in order to increase the number of customers who use the services of Islamic Banking . Further research is recommended in order to follow up and develop this research to further explore the independent and dependent variables continued before and after behavioral intention or intention to perform a specific action .

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