A DETAILED CADAVERIC STUDY ON GUDA MARMA WITH RESPECT TO ITS SURGICAL ANATOMY THROUGH DISSECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Deepak Singh ◽  
Shazia Islamuddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Applied Aspect ◽  
Ancient Science

Ayurveda is an ancient science which deals with theoretical and practical knowledge with help of cadaver, structural and functional activity. In various Ayurvedic textbooks mention Marma (vital points of the body) which is a vital part of the body. Ayurveda is an ancient science which deals with theoretical and practical knowledge with help of cadaver, structural and functional activity. The detailed knowledge of Marma (vital points of the body) is important from the surgical point of view surgical procedures like Agnikarma (thermal cauterization), Ksharakarma (therapeutic application of caustic material), Raktamokshana (bloodletting), etc. are used as a part of the surgery. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the concept of Guda Marma in the light of current knowledge and studied the applied aspect of Guda Marma. Cadaveric study was done in 5 human cadavers to visualize all the structures (muscles, artery, vein, nerve, etc.) of Guda (Anus) Pradesh (Anorectal region) in terms of Ayurvedic sciences and Modern Medical Sciences. The exact location, reginal anatomy as well as applied aspect of Guda Marma in terms of surgery were analyzed and correlated with modern sciences. Guda (Anus) is the seat of Prana (the breath of life) and it has regarded as one of the ten Prana (the breath of life) yatan. Guda Marma is one among the Mamsa Marma (vital points of the body) and categorized under Sadhya Prana (the breath of life) hara Marma (vital points of the body). The importance of this region can be assessed by the fact that two of the diseases of Guda (Anus) (Arsha and Bhagandara) have been considered as Mahagada. Guda Marma is the vital organ or site of the human body having a rich blood supply which correct knowledge and applied aspects concerning anorectal injuries and disorders is essential.

Laboratory diagnostics of Acanthamoeba spp. infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bojanowska ◽  
Anna Bożym ◽  
Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Kamińska ◽  
Halina Kemona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis ◽  
Clinical Point

Protozoa <i>Acanthamoeba</i> castellanii are single-celled, free-living, cosmopolitan amoebae that enter the body mainly through the mucous membrane of the mouth, nasal cavity, cornea, respiratory system, damaged skin and intestinal mucosa. In addition, they can be vectors for microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. In the life cycle A. castellanii may take the form of trophozoites and cyst tenacity to environmental conditions. This amoeba is an etiologic agent of dangerous human diseases: <i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis (AK), granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), pneumonia or changes in other organs, such as the liver, kidneys and skin. The aim of the article is to present current knowledge about laboratory diagnosis of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. infection, which is based on the search for trophozoites and cysts in the material collected from the patient. In the case of suspected GAE, it is also advisable to study cerebrospinal fluid sediment and perform imaging tests such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In the case of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis, an amoeba culture (obtained from a biopsy or corneal scrapings) is established in vitro, and then identified by light microscopy. The methods of molecular biology are also useful in detecting, identifying, and determining the potential pathogenic abilities of the amoebas. After the detection of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp., it is important to differentiate pathogenic isolates from non-pathogenic ones. From a clinical point of view, to diagnose <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. infection it is necessary only to identify the type of organism and to determine the pathogenicity of the isolate.

Principles of Pharmacology

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brack ◽  
Penny Franklin ◽  
Jill Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Compromised Patients

From the previous chapters you will see that understanding the pharmacological aspects of the drugs you are administering is vital to keeping your patients safe. Nurses need to understand the pharmacodynamics of a medicine, or how it actually works within the body, since this will need to be explained to patients and carers. For example, how will you ensure that a patient understands the importance of taking their treatment for hypertension (especially if they are experiencing no symptoms) if you are unable to explain how the medicine will be working? Similarly, your understanding of the pharmacokinetics (the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of individual medicines is vital to ensure compromised patients are not administered inappropriate medicines. For example, you would question the prescribing of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to a patient with significant renal impairment, because the kidney is essential to the elimination of NSAIDs so the drug could accumulate if the kidneys are not functioning properly. From the point of view of ensuring patient safety, you will need to understand the principles of drug interactions so that you can understand how two medicines (or food and medicine) could interact and be alert to signs that this may be happening. There are several good textbooks dealing with the uses and actions of individual medicines, including interactions. However, these will not be discussed here because at this stage of your career you are not expected to have a detailed knowledge of particular medicines, but rather an understanding of the key principles. As nurses, we are concerned with how the body handles medicines (pharmacokinetics) so that we can see how this may be affected by age, genetics, or illness, and how the actions of medicines may conflict with one another or produce toxicity because their effects are additive. Equally, we need to look at occasions in which two medicines produce the same response by two different routes; such interactions can be beneficial to the patient and avoid having to give large doses of a single medicine because the same result can be achieved with smaller doses of two medicines, thereby reducing the risk of adverse effects.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

V327: Laparoscopic Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy Using Clips for Haemostasis During Postero-Lateral Dissection: An Unusual “Point of View” of the Surgical Anatomy

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Georges Fournier ◽  
Antoine Valeri ◽  
Adham Rammal ◽  
Vincent Joulin ◽  
Luc Cormier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nerve Sparing

Integrating Focusing and Differentiation: A Therapeutic Path for Couples in Intimate Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Couples Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Emotional Healing ◽  
Felt Sense ◽  
Inner World

Continuing the workshop I've given in the WPC Paris (2017), this article elaborates my discussion of the way I interlace Focusing with Differentiation Based Couples Therapy (Megged, 2017) under the systemic view, in order to facilitate processes of change and healing in working with intimate couples. This article presents the theory and rationale of integrating Differentiation (Bowen, 1978; Schnarch, 2009; Megged, 2017) and Focusing (Gendlin, 1981) approaches, and its therapeutic potential in couple's therapy. It is written from the point of view of a practicing professional in order to illustrate the experiential nature and dynamics of the suggested therapeutic path. Differentiation is a key to mutuality. It offers a solution to the central struggle of any long term intimate relationship: balancing two basic life forces - the drive for individuality and the drive for togetherness (Schnarch, 2009). Focusing is a body-oriented process of self-awareness and emotional healing, in which one learns to pay attention to the body and the ‘Felt Sense’, in order to unfold the implicit, keep it in motion at the precise pace it needs for carrying the next step forward (Gendlin, 1996). Combining Focusing and Differentiation perspectives can cultivate the kind of relationship where a conflict can be constructively and successfully held in the inner world of each partner, while taking into consideration the others' well-being. This creates the possibility for two people to build a mutual emotional field, open to changes, permeable and resilient.

Immunotherapy and potential predictive biomarkers in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Xu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Hushan Zhang ◽  
Xueke She ◽  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.

Presentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redacción CEIICH
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
History Of

<p class="p1">The third number of <span class="s1"><strong>INTER</strong></span><span class="s2"><strong>disciplina </strong></span>underscores this generic reference of <em>Bodies </em>as an approach to a key issue in the understanding of social reality from a humanistic perspective, and to understand, from the social point of view, the contributions of the research in philosophy of the body, cultural history of the anatomy, as well as the approximations queer, feminist theories and the psychoanalytical, and literary studies.</p>

scholarly journals Transition from Emotional to Rational Advertising for Food Products on the Romanian Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.F. Jităreanu ◽  
Elena Leonte ◽  
A. Chiran ◽  
Benedicta Drobotă
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Advertising helps to establish a set of assumptions that the consumer will bring to all other aspects of their engagement with a given brand. Advertising provides tangible evidence of the financial credibility and competitive presence of an organization. Persuasion is becoming more important in advertising. In marketing, persuasive advertising acts to establish wants/motivations and beliefs/attitudes by helping to formulate a conception of the brand as being one which people like those in the target audience would or should prefer. Considering the changes in lifestyle and eating habits of a significant part of the population in urban areas in Romania, the paper aims to analyse how brands manage to differentiate themselves from competitors, to reposition themselves on the market and influence consumers, meeting their increasingly varied needs. Food brands on the Romanian market are trying, lately, to identify new methods of differentiation and new benefits for their buyers. Given that more and more consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about what they eat and the products’ health effects, brands struggle to highlight the fact that their products offer real benefits for the body. The advertisements have become more diversified and underline the positive effects, from the health and well - being point of view, that those foods offer (no additives and preservatives, use of natural ingredients, various vitamins and minerals or the fact that they are dietary). Advertising messages’ diversification is obvious on the Romanian market, in the context of an increasing concern of the population for the growing level of information of some major consumer segments.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Receptor β (GRβ): Beyond Its Dominant-Negative Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Patricia Ramos-Ramírez ◽  
Omar Tliba
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Glucocorticoids (GCs) act via the GC receptor (GR), a receptor ubiquitously expressed in the body where it drives a broad spectrum of responses within distinct cell types and tissues, which vary in strength and specificity. The variability of GR-mediated cell responses is further extended by the existence of GR isoforms, such as GRα and GRβ, generated through alternative splicing mechanisms. While GRα is the classic receptor responsible for GC actions, GRβ has been implicated in the impairment of GRα-mediated activities. Interestingly, in contrast to the popular belief that GRβ actions are restricted to its dominant-negative effects on GRα-mediated responses, GRβ has been shown to have intrinsic activities and “directly” regulates a plethora of genes related to inflammatory process, cell communication, migration, and malignancy, each in a GRα-independent manner. Furthermore, GRβ has been associated with increased cell migration, growth, and reduced sensitivity to GC-induced apoptosis. We will summarize the current knowledge of GRβ-mediated responses, with a focus on the GRα-independent/intrinsic effects of GRβ and the associated non-canonical signaling pathways. Where appropriate, potential links to airway inflammatory diseases will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Vascular endothelial cell specification in health and disease

Angiogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Marziano ◽  
Gael Genet ◽  
Karen K. Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Networks

AbstractThere are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients, circulating cells, and soluble factors to and from every tissue. The lymphatic vasculature maintains interstitial fluid homeostasis, transports hematopoietic cells for immune surveillance, and absorbs fat from the gastrointestinal tract. These vascular systems consist of highly organized networks of specialized vessels including arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels that exhibit different structures and cellular composition enabling distinct functions. All vessels are composed of an inner layer of endothelial cells that are in direct contact with the circulating fluid; therefore, they are the first responders to circulating factors. However, endothelial cells are not homogenous; rather, they are a heterogenous population of specialized cells perfectly designed for the physiological demands of the vessel they constitute. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the specification of arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic endothelial cell identities during vascular development. We also discuss how the dysregulation of these processes can lead to vascular malformations, and therapeutic approaches that have been developed for their treatment.

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