A COMPARISON OF REGULATIONS RELATED TO THE OIL SPCC PROGRAM

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Novotny ◽  
Thearin R. Wendel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
National Fire Protection Association ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT Several federal agencies regulate selected aspects of the production, refining, transportation, and storage of petroleum and petroleum products. Based on analyses of such programs, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may propose modifications to the Oil Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) program. These proposed changes would be likely to result in improved consistency with other government and industry standards. Regulatory changes may occur in two extensive and significant areas: adoption of specific and widely recognized industry and regulatory tank standards, and mandatory contingency planning at all facilities covered by the SPCC regulations. Relevant industrial, trade association, and technical standards generated by the American Petroleum Institute, the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., the National Fire Protection Association, the American National Standards Institute, and the National Association of Corrosion Engineers have been reviewed for applicability to the SPCC regulations. Areas of concern include materials specifications, welding requirements, pressure testing prior to service, overpressure and vacuum relief requirements, design specifications, hydrostatic testing requirements, and siting specifications.

Evolution of the American Petroleum Institute ANSI standard for fatigue risk management systems in the refining and petrochemical industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Angela Baker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Industry Associations

During the past five years, a broad international consensus has emerged in many 24/7 industries regarding the optimal way to manage and reduce employee fatigue risk: via a process called a fatigue risk management system (FRMS). Government regulatory agencies, industry associations and many businesses with 24/7 operations have recently incorporated an FRMS into their regulations, industry standards, and their corporate policies. The development of the American Petroleum Institute (API) and American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) standard for FRMSs in the refining and petrochemical industries began after the US Chemical Safety Board (CSB) released its report on the 2005 Texas City Refinery explosion. The CSB report highlighted concerns about some of the operators on duty being on their 30th consecutive 12-hour shift. API decided to take a proactive approach and develop an industry standard by forming a committee of industry managers from many of the oil companies, union representatives, industry associations and scientific experts in circadian sleep physiology and fatigue in shiftwork operations. During the course of extensive consultations during a two year period, a clear consensus emerged that hours of service rules would be inadequate by themselves. A clear consensus emerged that a comprehensive scientifically-based, data driven FRMS was a superior and feasible tool for effectively managing fatigue risk. API developed a standards document published in April 2010 as API/ANSI RP-755 that makes FRMS the operating standard for managing employee fatigue risk in the refining and petrochemical industry. The extended abstract reviews the considerations that went into developing the ANSI standard, issues that were resolved and progress and hurdles faced by the many petrochemical companies as they are now progressively implementing ANSI RP-755 as a continuously-improving FRMS process.

EMERGENCY REPORTING FOR OIL DISCHARGES: RECENT STATUTORY AND REGULATORY CHANGES

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Gary A. Yoshioka ◽  
Lori Jonas ◽  
Katherine E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Title Iii ◽  
State And Local ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Recent Policy

ABSTRACT The principal trigger for federal reporting of discharges of oil remains the “sheen test” promulgated in 1970 under the authority of the Clean Water Act. The sheen test is not, however, the only requirement of concern to potential dischargers of oil. Certain provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), and of other environmental statutes may also apply, complicating the picture for the regulated community. CERCLA requires federal reporting of releases of hazardous substances, but contains an exclusion for most releases of petroleum products. The CERCLA “petroleum exclusion” is not, however, absolute, and recent policy documents by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have clarified the scope of the exclusion. Releases of certain petroleum waste streams listed under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), for example, are not excluded. Title III of SARA, which expands the emergency reporting requirements of CERCLA to include notification of state and local response authorities for releases of CERCLA hazardous substances and of listed “extremely hazardous substances” (EHSs) does not contain the equivalent of the CERCLA petroleum exclusion. To the extent that the list of EHSs includes certain constituents of petroleum products, it is possible that state and local reporting will be required under SARA Title III for oil discharges otherwise (or previously) exempted from federal reporting under CERCLA. In 1988, a regulatory program for reporting leaks from underground storage tanks was established under Subtitle I of RCRA. In addition to these federal requirements, statutory provisions enacted by various states also affect oil discharge reporting. This paper presents a review of the changing regulatory picture for oil discharge reporting requirements by first examining recent regulatory and judicial developments related to the oil sheen test, and then exploring the potential impact of other federal and state programs. Summary tables comparing federal provisions are provided as a useful guide for determining the scope of these programs.

scholarly journals ENSURING HEALTH AND SAFETY IN PETROLEUM BUILT ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF SRI LANKA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M.A.S. Thennakoon ◽  
◽  
H. Mallawaarachchi ◽  
R.M.D.I.M. Rathnayake ◽  
Lalith De Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
National Fire Protection Association ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Health And Safety Issues ◽  
Storage Facilities

The petroleum-built environment is an important area of concern, which mainly includes refinery and storage facilities. Since its hazardous nature leading unexpected accidents and disasters, the safety of petroleum-built environment has become a vital requirement to eliminate the hazards associated with the petroleum process. However, a comprehensive study on safe handling of petroleum products in Sri Lanka is not reported so far. Hence, this study aimed at enhancing the health and safety in handling process of petroleum products in refinery and storage facilities. A comprehensive literature review was initially conducted on the petroleum products handling process, and national and international safety guidelines. Case study method was used since this study requires an in-depth investigation. Two prominent cases for refinery and storage facilities were studied to collect the data. Content analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that Factories Ordinance, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Guideline, Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) standard, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Guideline are commonly considered in ensuring health and safety of petroleum-built environment. Further, the chronic deceases in lungs and heart, cancers, high noise generation, unwillingness to use personal protective equipment (PPE), bowser and wagon accidents, fuel fire risk, pipeline leakages, and water and soil pollution were highlighted as common health and safety issues in refinery and storage. Finally, various strategies were proposed to overcome the identified health and safety issues ensuring the health and safety of petroleum-built environment.

Wastewater Treatment in Support of Ash Pond Closures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardino P. Nanni ◽  
Justin L. Bolender ◽  
Spencer D. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tennessee Valley ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Ash Pond ◽  
Surface Impoundments

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is evaluating rules that will not permit the storage of coal combustion residuals (CCRs) in surface impoundments, and require CCRs to be stored in Subtitle C or Subtitle D landfills. In addition, the EPA is evaluating more stringent effluent guidelines for water discharges which may impact NPDES permits in the future. To support these changes, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is evaluating the elimination of wet CCR handling and surface impoundments at their coal fired facilities. If CCR conveyance is converted to dry methods and the surface impoundments are closed, the other wastewater streams that utilize these impoundments as a point of discharge will also be affected. Therefore, TVA is investigating options to handle the miscellaneous wastewater streams that currently discharge to the impoundments, and meet more stringent effluent limits that may be implemented in the future. This investigation includes characterization of the existing wastewater streams, determining the effects on wastewater streams associated with future plant modifications and anticipated regulatory changes, developing methods to reduce and reuse wastewater streams to avoid discharge, and developing methods to treat the remaining wastewater streams that may be discharged in accordance with potential future effluent limits. TVA is in the forefront of addressing the pending EPA rules that may affect CCR handling and storage, and water discharges. This paper discusses and presents the process being used by TVA to address these changes, the results obtained to date, and how this may be applicable to others potentially impacted by these changes.

scholarly journals Use of Families of Euphorbiaceae for the Production of Biodiesel in Semiarid Areas

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Noé Anes García ◽  
Antonio Luis Marqués Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Improved Characteristics ◽  
Made In

In recent years, developments made to reduce the consequences generated using petroleum products have been strengthening; therefore, biofuels have become a requirement in different countries worldwide with the objective of reducing not only the high levels of current pollution, but also mitigating the effects generated by global warming. Despite the advances that have been made in the field of research on Jatropha, it is still necessary to carry out more detailed studies aimed at achieving a better use of it, identifying the influence of its physical–chemical properties in terms of quality levels, as well as determining its behavior when mixed with palm oil to achieve a biodiesel with better yields, whose impact will be reflected mainly in the environmental field, helping to mitigate the production of greenhouse gases that are produced by petroleum products. Although currently the biofuels sector has made important advances in research, it is necessary to deepen the physical–chemical analyses both in the production and storage processes of biodiesel, so that in the future it can be fully fulfilled with the energy requirements that are currently only achieved with fossil fuels, so it is necessary to direct this research toward the development of new products with improved characteristics, especially when exposed to prolonged storage times and low temperatures.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TERHADAP KONTROVERSI RANCANGAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH TENTANG TATA CARA INTERSEPSI YANG SESUAI HUKUM (LAWFUL INTERCEPTION)

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Edmon Makarim
Keyword(s):  
National Standards ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Telecommunications Act ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
Lawful Interception

Interception can be translated to all measures to intercept or obtain theinformation either in oral or electronic form, either in the form of online andoffline. In other words interception or wiretap is actually an attempt to do asearch and seizure to access and obtain information that is communicated bythe parties. In the development, provision of technical standards is referringto the European intercept Technical Standards Institute (,ETSI,) and also theAmerican National Standards Institute ("ANS!"). Need to be observed thatprior to the UUITE, the process of tapping an legal umbrella to theprovisions in the Telecommunications Act. However, the paradigm of"tapping" with "recording" information is actually two different things

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DISTURBED PARAMETERS OF THE NATURAL STRUCTURE OF THE LABORATORY SAMPLES OF CLAY DEPOSITS DURING ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN SAINT-PETERSBURG TERRITORY AND NEAREST AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Vasenin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Natural Structure ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Porosity Coefficient ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
And Storage

In Russian technical standards there are no criteria for the natural structure disturbance degree of laboratory samples of coherent dispersed soils. At the same time, such soils are widely represented in various regions of the country, in particular, in St. Petersburg. The paper discusses various criteria for estimating the degree of natural structure disturbance of laboratory samples, and also considers various methods for restoring the strength of samples. The main attention is paid to the evaluation of the degree of violation of the natural structure of laboratory samples when performing odometric tests. The statistical results of such an assessment are given for more than 3,000 oedometer tests of quaternary soils of different genesis based on deformation criteria. The quality assessment of laboratory samples was evaluated at 130 sites performing engineering and geological surveys (by various organizations) in St. Petersburg from 2003 and 2018. According to the results of statistical analysis, it was shown that the quality of samples by the criterion of the relative change in the porosity coefficient at the effective household stress corresponds to "poor" or "very poor" (according to the scale proposed by Т. Lunne and others). The main causes of the violation of the natural structure of the samples (sampling without primers, violation of sampling and storage rules, as well as transportation of samples) are described. Based on the results of a statistical analysis of the deformation parameters of laboratory soil samples during the implementation of complex geological survey in St. Petersburg, it was concluded that it is impossible to use the test results of these samples for performing geotechnical calculations using modern models of soil mechanics without special correction procedures.

Leveraging HCA Results in an Advanced Pipeline Risk Assessment Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Huisman ◽  
Ricardo Almandoz ◽  
Thomas Schuster ◽  
Adriana Andrade Caballero ◽  
Leonardo Martinez Forero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
South American ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

Pipeline risk analysis is a common step carried out by operators in their overall Pipeline Integrity Management Process. There is a growing realization among operators of the need to adopt more proactive risk management approaches. This has brought about increased demand for more quantitative models to support risk reduction decision-making. Consequences of failure are a key component of these models where enhanced quantitative approaches can be deployed. Impacts to the environment and upon populations are key issues which both operators and regulatory bodies seek to minimize. Pipeline risk models and High Consequence Area (HCA) analyses play an increasingly important role in this context by allowing operators to identify a range of potential scenarios and the relative impact to receptors based upon the best available data sources. This paper presents the process and results of an HCA analysis project carried out by ROSEN for a major South American state-owned pipeline operator (hereafter referred to as ‘the Client’). This analysis was implemented using automated GIS processing methods and includes HCA analyses for approximately 2354 km of pipeline. The analysis was based on industry standards for both liquid and gas pipelines (i.e. American Petroleum Institute (API) and American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME)), but customized for the specific needs of the Client and the South American geographical context. A key use for the results of this analysis is to serve as input for the pipeline risk assessment model jointly developed by ROSEN Integrity Solutions, MACAW Engineering and the Client. The methodology for development of this model is briefly discussed, and operational uses of HCA results are illustrated. The benefits of this project include, but are not limited to, identifying areas that could be severely impacted should a pipeline failure occur, being able to assess the risk profile of credible threats in HCAs, but also being able to prioritize preventative and mitigation measures at HCAs to either reduce the likelihood of failure or the impact of failure upon various receptors.

From the history of the problem of oil transportation and storage. Contribution of Shukhov V.G.

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
L. R. Yurenkova ◽  
N. V. Bilash
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Steel Tanks ◽  
Cylindrical Steel Tanks ◽  
And Storage

A significant part of the oil consumed in the world is transported from production and processing sites to consumers via tankers and pipelines. According to experts' forecasts, the demand for oil and petroleum products in the coming years will be significantly higher than in 2020. In Russia, the oil transportation market is developing in several directions. The main directions are investing in pipeline transport and improving the design of tanks for storing oil and petroleum products. The article considers the contribution of the great Russian engineer V.G. Shukhov to the solution of the problem of oil transportation and storage and in general to the development of the oil industry. In the article "Oil Pipelines" (1884) and in the book "Pipelines and their application in the oil industry" (1894), V.G. Shukhov gave precise mathematical formulae for describing the processes of oil and fuel oil flowing through pipelines, creating a classical theory of oil pipelines. He is the author of the projects of the first Russian main pipelines: Baku-Batumi with a length of 883 km (1907) and Grozny-Tuapse with a length of 618 km (1928). Shukhov V.G. designed and then supervised the construction of oil pipelines of the companies "Branobel", "G.M. Lianozova and sons" and the world's first heated fuel oil pipeline. Working in the oil fields in Baku, Shukhov V.G. developed the basics of lifting and pumping oil products, proposed a method of lifting oil using compressed air — airlift, developed a calculation method and technology for the construction of cylindrical steel tanks for oil storage facilities.

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