scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical Qualities of Oilfield Wastewater in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oyibo Ntongha ◽  
Wemedo Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Oilfield wastewater which is not properly treated before being discharged has great negative impacts on the environment and aquatic life and also affects humans. It is necessary to assess the physicochemical qualities of oilfield wastewater to reduce its environmental impact. Oilfield wastewater samples were collected from an onshore oil production platform for a period of eight months (March to October, 2018). These were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals using standard methods. Oilfield wastewater gotten from EPU 05 had higher TDS 294.6 mg/l, conductivity 619.0 μS/cm, COD 6.44 mg/l, BOD 2.24, compared to that found from Kolo creek flow station and were significantly different (P>0.05). While, TSS 16.85 mg/l, salinity 175.0 mg/l, turbidity 4.8 (NTU), and THC 1.39 were higher in that of the Kolo creek flow station. There was no significant difference in pH and temperature in the Kolo creek flow station and EPU 05. Higher values of iron 0.46 mg/l, chromium 0.03mg/l, was observed in that of the Kolo creek flow station compared to that of the EPU 05 0.14mg/l. EPU 05 had higher values in zinc 0.09 mg/l, copper 0.12 mg/l, cadmium 0.18 mg/l, mercury 0.08 mg/l and arsenic 0.07 mg/l. All the physicochemical parameters were within the allowable limit recommended by regulatory bodies (eg. WHO, DPR, FMEnv etc.). Regulatory bodies should ensure that companies practice proper waste management and compliance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soil Quality in Parts of Israel and Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
T. J. K. Ideriah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil Metal

The levels of physiochemical parameters and some heavy metals in top soil and sediment from parts of Israel and Nigeria were determined using standard methods and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer by GBC Avanta Version 2.02. The results showed ranges of mean levels of pH 5.78±0.4 – 8.08±0.001 in Israel and 5.3±0.1 – 6.70±0.2 in Nigeria; Organic matter 0.04±0.09% - 13.49±0.03% in Israel and 1.10±0.7% – 2.69±0.9% in Nigeria; Total Nitrogen 0.03±0.01% - 0.96±0.1% in Israel and 0.05±0.7% - 0.14±0.2% in Nigeria; Available Phosphorus 1.40±0.06 ppm – 70.18±0.06 ppm in Israel and 14±0.1 ppm – 64.6±0.2 ppm in Nigeria; Potassium 0.64±0.6 meq/100 g – 5.74±0.02 meq/100 g in Israel and 0.07±0.05 meq/100 g – 0.08±0.04 meq/100 g in Nigeria. The highest C/N ratios were 65.25 and 53.67 in Israel and 13.89 and 12.80 in Nigeria which implies high decomposition and mineralization in Nigeria. The levels of all the heavy metals were below their standard limits. The mean levels of physicochemical parameters of soils from Israel and Nigeria showed significant difference (p<0.05). The soil metal index of the heavy metals ranged from 0.013 – 0.070 in Israel and 0.004 – 0.058 in Nigeria. Cadmium was found to be the heavy metal with highest enrichment factor value of 87.871 in Israel and 5853.66 in Nigeria. The soils from Israel were found to be alkaline while those from Nigeria were acidic, nutrient deficient and need application of land amendment materials.

scholarly journals Physicochemistry and Heavy Metal Characteristics of Waste Products from Abattoir Activities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Azuonwu, Testimonies Chikanka ◽  
David N. Ogbonna ◽  
John Onwuteaka
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Faecal Matter ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wastewater Samples

The upsurge of abattoir operations as a result of the rise in demand for meat protein has led to a corresponding increase in waste generation. These wastes are often channelled into nearby streams with little or no treatment which exposes aquatic organisms to the resultant consequences of this waste deposition. This study was thus aimed at determining the physicochemical quality of some abattoir samples in Port Harcourt city. Soil, faecal matter, wastewater, waste blood and service water samples from the Iwofe, Rumuodomaya and Trans-Amadi abattoirs were collected within a  period of one year and the pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), sulphate, chloride, temperature, nitrate, ammonia and heavy metals quantities including chromium, lead, zinc, cobalt, copper and cadmium were determined using standard techniques. The study recorded high BOD5 and COD values from the blood, faecal matter, soil and wastewater samples while service water samples had values within the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality limits. Seasonal variations in the physicochemical parameters of the samples collected both in the wet and dry seasons were observed. The pH values ranged from 6.2-8.5, BOD5 of blood, faecal matter soil and wastewater ranged from 2124-4349 mg/l while the COD ranged from 2715-8820 mg/l. In Rumuodomaya, the BOD5 and COD ranged from 2276-2727 mg/l and 2583-3245 mg/l respectively while samples from Trans-Amadi abattoir had values for BOD5 and COD ranging from 2253-4330 mg/l and 2931-4597 mg/l, respectively. Nitrate, chromium, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, lead and copper contents in the different locations varied statistically at α-0.05 while no significant difference was observed for pH, ammonia, temperature, COD, BOD5, sulphate and chloride contents at α=0.05. The BOD5 and COD of waste blood, wastewater, soil and faecal matter recorded values that were above permissible limits for service water and therefore raises concern for the aquatic life being threatened by these effluents as the amount of dissolved oxygen available for them will be reduced as a pollution of the immediate environment, if these generated wastes are not treated before disposal.    

scholarly journals Quality assessment of some bottled water produced in Okitipupa, Ondo state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Folorunso Femi Adekunle ◽  
Folorunso Aderonke Similoluwa ◽  
Oyebamiji Abel Kolawole ◽  
Akintelu Sunday Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bottle Water ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Health Organization

The aim of this study was to assess the safety level of some bottled water produced in Okitipupa, Ondo State Nigeria. Several packs of bottled water were obtained from three different manufacturers. Some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were investigated to assess the quality of the bottle water using standard methods. The results from the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were in with World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water when compared. This study confirmed that the analyzed bottled water has good quality. Therefore, these bottled water are said to be safe for drinking.

scholarly journals Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals In Drinking Water from Boreholes and Wells in Dutse district, Jigawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Tahir M. T ◽  
Abdulmalik S. ◽  
Suleiman A. K
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Dissolve Solid ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

The levels of some physicochemical parameters and some selected heavy metals from boreholes and wells water were assessed in Dutse District area of Jigawa. Samples were collected randomly from different sampling sites and were analyzed using standard methods of analysis. The result shows that pH had a mean level of 7.8 + 1.45, conductivity mean level was 532.4 + 28.64 MSCM-1. The mean total hardness was 160.5 + 0.7, Turbidity had a mean level of 1.7 + 0.22 NTU, chloride had a mean level of 69.91 + 21mg/l and total dissolve solid TDS had a mean of 292.9 + 21.14mg/l. heavy metals analyzed include copper, chromium, lead, nicked and zinc using Hitachi Z – 8100 Atomic absorption spectrometer and their mean levels are 0.31 + 0.2mg/l, 0.11+ 0.01mg/l, 0.14 + 0.007mg/l, 0.20 + 0.007mg/l and 0.09 + 0.002mg/ls respectively. The result indicates that the physicochemical parameters and the heavy metals are within the maximum allowable levels set by WHO and NDWQS 2011.

scholarly journals Ionoregulatory Impairment in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Combined Stressors of Lead and Cypermethrin

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Omowumi O ADEWALE ◽  
Joseph A ADEYEMI
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Borehole Water

The contamination of aquatic ecosystem with heavy metals and pesticides has increased dramatically over the years, and this has generated a lot of attention by environmental experts. There are reports on impacts of different single toxicants on aquatic organisms but not much has been done to investigate the impacts of mixtures of toxicants on aquatic life. In this study we investigated the effects of multiple stressors of Pb and cypermethrin on ionoregulation in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Adults C. gariepinus were exposed to either borehole water (control), 2 mg/L Pb, 0.5 μg/L cypermetrin or a mixture of 2 mg/L Pb and 0.5 μg/L cypermethrin for 96 h, after which the levels of plasma Na+, Cl- and K+ were determined as a measure of branchial ionoregulatory disturbance. The exposure of C. gariepinus to 0.5 μg/L cypermethrin resulted in a significant reduction in plasma Na+ (43% decrease) and Cl- (31% decrease) but a 2-fold increase in plasma K+ concentrations. Exposure to a mixture of cypermethrin and Pb resulted in 53% decrease in plasma Na+, 40% decrease in plasma Cl- and a 3- fold increase in plasma K+. There was no significant difference between the control and those exposed to just only 2 mg/L Pb for all the parameters measured. The results of this study indicated that exposure of aquatic organisms to combined stressors of heavy metals pollution as well as pesticide contamination could have a serious effect on the physiology especially on ionic regulation in the exposed fish.

Evaluation of the Bacteriological Diversity and the Physicochemical Properties of Kolo-Creek Oil Field Wastewater

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Oyibo, Ntongha ◽  
Wemedo, Samuel Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
State University ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Evaluation of bacteriological diversity and physicochemical parameters as well as the heavy metals present in the water samples collected from Kolo creek flow station located in Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta, Nigeria was carried out for the period of eight months (March to October). Oilfield wastewater samples were obtained in four different locations of the Kolo creek in sterile bottles and were transported to the Microbiology Laboratory of the Rivers State University for analysis.10-fold serial dilutions were carried out and aliquots of 0.1 ml were inoculated and spread plated unto sterile nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and mineral salt agar plates. The water samples were analyzed for the total heterotrophic bacteria, coliform bacteria and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. The total heterotrophic and coliform bacteria load in log10CFU/ml ranged from 6.25 to 13.62 and 4.04 to 5.75 respectively, while the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria ranged from 0 to 4.81. Higher Mean monthly counts of the total heterotrophic bacteria, coliform bacteria and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria were 13.48 in March, 5.44 in April and 4.51 log10 CFU/ml in March, respectively. While lower mean monthly counts recorded were 6.72 in August, 4.29 in August and 0 log10CFU/ml in April, respectively. Fifteen bacteria belonging to Micrococcus, Chromobacterium, Listeria, Actinomyces, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus, Shigella, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were identified. While Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Micrococcus, Proteus, and Acinetobacter species were the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria identified. The bacteria populations varied across the months. The physicochemical parameters as well as the heavy metals were within the permissible limits set by regulatory bodies. The hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in this study could be used for bioremediation study.

Histological, microbiological, physicochemical and heavy metals evaluation of effluent from Kara Cow Market, Ogun State, Nigeria in guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.O. Sogbanmu ◽  
A.A. Sosanwo ◽  
A.A.A. Ugwumba
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Histological Alterations ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Guppy Fish ◽  
Ogun River

The Ogun River is a sink for untreated effluents discharged from the Kara Cow Market, Ogun State. In this study, microbiological, physicochemical and heavy metals evaluation were carried out on effluent from the market. Standard methods were utilised for the examination of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the effluent. The histological effects of sublethal concentrations of the effluent were assessed in the gills, intestine and skin of Poecilia reticulata (guppy fish) over a period of 56 days following standard methods and international ethical guidelines. None of the physicochemical parameters were within the set limits by the National Environmental Standards and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) for effluent discharges into surface waters. Coliforms, pathogens and fungi were observed in the effluent with a total plate count of 2.14 x 107 cfu/mL. The median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of the effluent to P. reticulata was 71.50 mL/L (7.15%). Histological alterations such as distorted mucosal architecture with shortening and widening of intestinal villi were observed in the intestine of exposed groups of P. reticulata at day 56. The observed adverse physicochemical parameters, histological alterations and pathogenic microbes may pose ecological and public health risks to aquatic organisms and humans respectively. It is recommended that an effluent treatment plant should be installed at the market to reduce the pollutants load of the effluent before discharge into the Ogun River. Keywords: Effluents; histological effects; Kara Market; Ogun River; physicochemical parameters; pathogenic microorganisms; Poecilia reticulate

Some Physicochemical Parameters of Wastewater from an Oil Industry at Point of Discharge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. A. F Wokoma ◽  
◽  
O. S Edori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Wastewater samples were collected from an oil industry at the point of discharge for a period of two years, from January 2018 – December 2019. The wastewater samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, total hydrocarbon content (THC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to examine their conformity to fulfill requirements as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and Drinking Water Association (DWA). The results indicated that all the parameters in the discharged wastewater were within acceptable limits of the regulatory bodies. The field data showed that the investigated firm conformed to the law by carrying out proper procedures before discharging the effluents into the public drain and river. Therefore, the release of wastewater from the industry doesn't constitute a danger to the environment as well as aquatic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical parameter, wastewater discharge, oil industry, environment, contaminants

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

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