Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Fruit Extract of Solanum incanum L. against Ralstonia solanacearum

Aims: To determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Solanum incanum fruits against Ralstonia solanacearum. Study Design: Experimental design involving completely randomized design Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace studies, Moi University, Kenya, between January and June 2021. Methodology: Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol as the extracting solvent. Phytochemical screening was done following standard procedures. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay respectively. The extract was further analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier transformed Infrared (FT-IR). In vitro antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion method while in vivo studies was done under greenhouse conditions. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and terpenoids. The TPC and TFC were found to be 84.997 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g and 20.535 ± 0.2 mg/g QE of dried sample respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 15 compounds, (9E)-1-Methoxy-9-Octadecene (26.85%), 9-Octadecenamide (Z) (21.43%), E-15-Heptadecenal (7.28%), E-14-Hexadecenal (6.28%), 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (4.96%) among others. FT-IR analysis revealed presence of OH, C-H, N-H, CO functional groups at wavenumbers 3348 cm-1, 2931 cm-1, 1589 cm-1, and 1218 cm-1 respectively. The antibacterial activity for in vitro studies at concentrations 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g/10 mL, the diameters of zone of inhibition were 20.75 ± 1.3, 25.75 ± 0.5, 27.25 ± 0.5, and 30.75 ± 0.5 mm respectively. This was comparable (P= .02) to that of ampicillin (positive control) which had zones of inhibition of 26.75 ± 0.5, 28.75 ± 0.5, 31.75 ± 0.4, and 35.00 ± 0.0 mm at the concentrations respectively. For the in vivo studies the plant extract and ampicillin delayed the development of the disease by eight and ten days post-inoculation respectively while symptoms of bacterial wilt for water treatment (negative control) were observed four days post-inoculation. Conclusion: The plant extract had remarkable antibacterial activity and can be used to make viable formulations to control the devastating bacterial wilt disease.

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Antibacterial Activity of Wild Mushroom Extracts on Bacterial Wilt Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-14-0812-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 453-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jana Erjavec ◽

Maja Ravnikar ◽

Jože Brzin ◽

Tine Grebenc ◽

Andrej Blejec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Wild Mushroom ◽

Early Screening ◽

Mushroom Species

In total, 150 protein extracts from 94 different basidiomycete and ascomycete wild mushroom species were tested for antibacterial activity against the quarantine plant-pathogen bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. In in vitro microtiter plate assays, 15 extracts with moderate to high antibacterial activities were identified: 11 completely inhibited bacterial growth and 4 showed partial inhibition. Of these 15 extracts, 5 were further tested and 3 extracts slowed disease progression and reduced disease severity in artificially inoculated tomato and potato plants. However, the in vitro activities of the extracts did not always correlate with their in vivo activities, which emphasizes the importance of performing early screening tests also in vivo. Testing of selected extracts against 12 R. solanacearum strains identified 6 with potential for broader applicability. Further analysis of extracts from Amanita phalloides and Clitocybe geotropa showed that the active substances are proteins with an approximate size of 180 kDa. To our knowledge, this is the first in vitro and in vivo study that demonstrates that mushroom protein extracts can be promising for treatment of bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.

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One Hundred Faces of Geraniol

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25143303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 3303 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wanda Mączka ◽

Katarzyna Wińska ◽

Małgorzata Grabarczyk

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Important Ingredient ◽

Household Products ◽

Fragrance Compound

Geraniol is a monoterpenic alcohol with a pleasant rose-like aroma, known as an important ingredient in many essential oils, and is used commercially as a fragrance compound in cosmetic and household products. However, geraniol has a number of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the activity of geraniol against prostate, bowel, liver, kidney and skin cancer. It can induce apoptosis and increase the expression of proapoptotic proteins. The synergy of this with other drugs may further increase the range of chemotherapeutic agents. The antibacterial activity of this compound was also observed on respiratory pathogens, skin and food-derived strains. This review discusses some of the most important uses of geraniol.

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Effect of Allium fistulosum Extract on Ralstonia solanacearum Populations and Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-11-0601 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 687-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Péninna Deberdt ◽

Benjamin Perrin ◽

Régine Coranson-Beaudu ◽

Pierre-François Duyck ◽

Emmanuel Wicker

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Allium Fistulosum ◽

Inhibition Assay ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Tomato Bacterial Wilt

To control bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum, phylotype IIB/4NPB), the antimicrobial effect of Allium fistulosum aqueous extract was assessed as a preplant soil treatment. Three concentrations of extract (100, 50, and 25%, 1:1 [wt/vol]) were evaluated by in vitro inhibition assay and in vivo experiments in a growth chamber. In vitro, A. fistulosum (100 and 50%) suppressed growth of R. solanacearum. Preplant treatment of the soil with A. fistulosum extract significantly reduced the R. solanacearum populations. No pathogen was detected in the soil after treatment with 100% concentrated extract from the third day after application until the end of the experiment. A. fistulosum also significantly reduced the incidence of tomato bacterial wilt. In the untreated control, the disease affected 61% of the plants whereas, with 100 and 50% extracts, only 6 and 14% of the plants, respectively, were affected. These results suggest that A. fistulosum extracts could be used in biocontrol-based management strategies for bacterial wilt of tomato.

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DECIPHERING THE PHARMACOLOGICAL INSIGHTS OF FRACTIONATED ELATOSTEMA PAPILLOSUM WED. AND HOLIGARNA LONGIFOLIA ROXB. THROUGH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18006/2021.9(2).189.199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 189-199

Author(s):

Md. Zia Uddin ◽

◽

Md. Sohel Rana ◽

Subrata Chowdhury ◽

Arkajyoti Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Crude Methanol Extract

The present research intended to explore the biological activities, namely acute toxicity test and hypoglycemic as well as in vitro anti-arthritic along with the antibacterial activity of crude methanol extracts with its different soluble fractions like petroleum ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of Holigarna longifolia and Elatostema papillosum. Phytochemical screening was performed by established protocols. Acute toxicity and hypoglycemic effects were performed in experimental and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In vitro anti-arthritic and antibacterial activity were conducted by protein denaturation inhibitory and disc diffusion methods. It was observed that no rats exhibit any lethality types, which reveal the safety of plant fractionates. It was also seen that both plants' fractionates showed significant (p < 0.01) activity on hyperglycemia compared to standard. Upon investigation, it was observed that crude methanol and its CS fraction of E. papillosum and only CS fraction of H. longifolia significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited denaturation of bovine serum albumin protein compared to standard diclofenac sodium. Moreover, it was observed that crude methanol extract and its CS fraction of E. papillosum showed significant inhibitory action on all Gram-positive bacteria's growth. In contrast, the PES fraction highlighted an inhibitory zone of 26.7 and 24.7 mm, respectively, towards B. subtilis and S. aureus. This study provides some support to explain the traditional uses of H. longifolia and E. papillosum.

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Phytochemical composition and biological screening of two Lophophytum species

Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas ◽

10.37360/blacpma.21.20.6.43 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 598-610

Author(s):

Carola A. Torres ◽

◽

Cristina M. Perez Zamora ◽

Hector A. Sato ◽

Maria B. Nuñez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Tree Roots ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

First Results ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Β Carotene

Lophophytum species are holoparasites that grow on tree roots. The objectives of the work were to explore the chemical composition of the tubers of two Lophophytum species and to analyze the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antilithiatic activity of their extracts using in vitro methods. The chemical composition was determined by histochemical, phytochemical and TLC tests. In addition, the profile of phenolic compounds was determined by HPLC-MS. The presence of secondary metabolites of recognized activity was demonstrated. The results of the HPLC-MS/MS allowed the tentative identification of catechin, luteolin and glycosides of eriodictyol, naringenin and luteolin in the extract of Lophophytum leandri and eriodictyol, naringenin, luteolin and their glycosylated derivatives in Lophophytum mirabile. The extracts showed promising antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene-linoleic acid), anti-inflammatory (inhibition of 5-LOX) and anti-urolytic (by bioautographic TLC) activity. It is noteworthy that these are the first results of the phytochemical composition and biological activity of L. mirabile. However, in vivo studies are required to corroborate these activities.

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Phytobiocidal management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2016143-9012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Naseerud Din ◽

Musharaf Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Siddique ◽

Asad Ali ◽

Ishrat Naz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Nerium Oleander ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Tagetes Patula

Phytobiocides are a good alternative to chemicals in managing bacterial diseases including bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In the present research study, finely ground dried powders of seven widely available medicinal plants/weeds species viz., Peganum harmala (esfand or wild rue), Calotropis procera (sodom apple), Melia azedarach (white cedar), Allium sativum (garlic), Adhatoda vasica (malabar nut), Tagetes patula (marigold) and Nerium oleander (oleander) were assessed for their anti-microbial activity, both in-vitro (10% w/v) and in-vivo (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg of potted soil) against R. solanacearum. Aqueous extracts (prepared as 10% w/v, soaking for 48-72 h and filtering) of C. procera, A. vasica, and T. patula inhibited the in-vitro growth of the bacterial pathogen over 60% of that produced by the standard antibiotic streptomycin. A. sativum, N. oleander and P. harmala aqueous extracts were less effective while M. azedarach showed no effect against R. solanacearum. The higher dose (40 g/kg of soil) of C. procera, A. vasica and T. patula decreased disease severity quite effectively and increased yield and plant growth characters as much as the standard antibiotic did. No phytotoxicity of medicinal plants powder was observed on tomato plants. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids were detected in the aqueous extracts of T. patula and A. vasica whereas C. procera was found to have only alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Our data suggest that dried powders of T. patula, C. procera and A. vasica (40 g/kg of soil) could be used as an effective component in the integrated disease management programs against bacterial wilt of tomato.

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Supremacy of Synergism: A comparison of anticancer activity of Rhizome Extract of Bistorta amplexicualis and gallic acid in Cancer Cell Lines and Primary Cells

Current Nutraceuticals ◽

10.2174/2665978601666200218090845 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Salma Batool ◽

M. Javaid Asad ◽

Muhammad Arshad ◽

Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem ◽

Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Cell Line ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Therapeutic Window

Background: Bistorta amplexicaulis is a seasonal herb with several folkloric uses. The plant extract has been shown to possess various activities including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, cardio-protective, anti-atherosclerosis activities. Objective: The aim of the study was to quantify the activity of the plant extract and relate it to the activity of the isolated compounds, gallic acid. Methods: Extraction of the plant was carried out. Then the activity of the extract was compared with its constituent, gallic acid. Cytotoxic potential of the two against human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated through MTS assay. Results: The extract had better activity against HepG2 as compared to gallic acid (IC50 29µg/mL vs 37µg/mL). It also provided a better therapeutic window by having lower toxicity for HUVEC cells than gallic acid (IC50 63µg/mL vs 47µg/mL) suggesting the use of the extract over the purified gallic acid for these cells. We also performed the fluorescence study of the rhizome extract in ethanol (REE), methanol (REM), 80% ethanol (80RE), 80% methanol, (80RM) and acetone (RAC). The highest intensity of fluorescence was found in REE with excitation at 394 nm and emission at 421nm. Conclusion: The comparison of gallic acid with ethanolic rhizome extract of B. amplexicaulis reveals important insights about utilizing the plant extract over purified gallic acid. The ethanolic extract also has the potential to be used as autoflouresent drug during in vitro and in vivo studies.

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The phytochemical composition and in vitro antiviral activity of decoctions from galls of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae) and their relative non-toxicity for chickens

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v72i2.206 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.E. Lamien ◽

A. Meda ◽

E. Couacy-Hymann ◽

A.G. Ouedraogo ◽

O.G. Nacoulma

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

A Value ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Guiera Senegalensis

Aqueous decoctions obtained from the galls of Guiera senegalensis were screened to determine their phytochemical composition and in vitro antiviral activity against fowlpox virus. In addition, we wanted to investigate the toxic effects, if any, of crude extracts in chickens. Steroids as well as cardiac glycosides not previously reported, an alkaloid, polyphenols and saponins were detected in the various fractions of organic solvents used for extracting the decoctions. Antiviral activity was determined by cytopathic effect inhibition assay in primary chicken embryo skin cells. The 50 % inhibitory concentration (EC50) was shown to be 15.6 µg/ml. Toxicity for cells was established by determining the 50 % cytotoxic concentration (CCy50). A value of 90 µg/ml and a selectivity index (CCy50/EC50) of 5.8 were obtained. In vivo studies of toxicity were performed in chickens that were dosed orally with decoctions of several concentrations for 2 weeks and then monitored for 3 months. No significant changes in several blood chemical parameters were obtained, except for a significant decline in SGOT levels in birds dosed with 100 mg/kg. These levels were nevertheless within the accepted normal range. The findings suggest that aqueous decoctions of galls from G. senegalensis are non-toxic for chickens when administered orally, even at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days.

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Silver i-motifs and their antibacterial activity

10.26686/wgtn.14380736.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Bratt

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Therapeutic Benefit ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Low Concentrations

The spread of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is a major threat to public health. This study investigated a unique cytosine rich DNA structure, the i-Motif to deliver soluble Ag+ as a novel antimicrobial agent (AgiMs). AgiMs were evaluated in vitro against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii strains. AgiMs displayed significant antibacterial activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii (median MIC: 0.875 µM and 0.75 µM, respectively) by rapid, bactericidal and concentration-dependent effect. Low concentrations of AgiMs showed efficacy against PAO1 20-h biofilms, resulting in 57% reduction in biomass (5 x MIC). A single dose of AgiMs extended survival of G. Mellonella larvae, with the therapeutic benefit paralleled in the reduction of internal bacterial load. Synergistic interactions were observed with the combination of AgiMs and tobramycin, a common antibiotic used to treat P. aeruginosa infections; indicating the potential for AgiMs to reinstate the potency of current antibiotics. This silver-based agent might be an alternative to the failing antibiotic regimes for MDR resistant infections. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential.

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SKRINING KETAHANAN SOMAKLON NILAM TERHADAPP PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum)

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.131-138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

S. Y. HARTATI ◽

E. HADIPOENTYANTI ◽

AMALIA AMALIA ◽

NURSALAM NURSALAM

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Screening Method ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Resistance Screening ◽

Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽

House Condition ◽

Moderately Resistant

ABSTRAKLayu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman nilam. Perakitan varietas nilam tahan terhadap penyakit tersebut yang dilakukan melalui induksi keragaman somaklonal telah menghasilkan beberapa somaklon yang tahan terhadap R. solanacearum secara in-vitro. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji tingkat ketahanan somaklon tersebut terhadap penyakit layu pada kondisi rumah kaca (in-vivo). Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 27 perlakuan, 3 ulangan, dan 10 tanaman/ulangan. Sebagian akar dari somaklon nilam dilukai (dipotong), selanjutnya diinokulasi (disiram) dengan suspensi R. solanacearum dengan berbagai konsentrasi 105, 107, dan 109 cfu/ml, sebanyak 50 ml/tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 105 cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman semuanya tidak menunjukkan gejala layu. Somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 107 dan 109cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, sebagian layu dan mati. Dari somaklon yang7diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 10 cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 8 di antaranyamenunjukkan respon sangat tahan, 4 tahan, dan 5 agak tahan. Ke 17 somaklon tersebut mempunyai intensitas penyakit <50% dan semua lebih tahan dari pada varietas Sidikalang (agak toleran). Dari 17 somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 2 di antaranya sangat tahan dan 7 somaklon tahan. Teknik skrining ini dapat digunakan sebagai metode standar untuk pengujian ketahanan nilam terhadap penyakit layu.Kata kunci: Skrining ketahanan, somaklon, nilam, penyakit layu, R. solanacearum. ABSTRACTResistance-Screening of Patchouli Somaclones on Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases on patchouli. The developing patchouli resistance varieties against wilt disease conducted through the induction of somaclonal variation produced resistant patchouli somaclones against R. solanacearum (in-vitro). The aim of this research was to screen the resistance of those patchouli somaclones against wilt disease under a glass house condition (in-vivo). The research was conducted in a Randomized Completely Design with 27 treatments, 3 replicates, and 10 plants/ replicate. Some roots of the patchouli somaclones were wounded (cut), then inoculated (drenched) with R. solanacearum suspension in concentration of 105, 107, and 109 cfu/ml; 50 ml/plant. The result showed, that all the patchouli somaclones inoculated with R. solanacearum 105 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were not show any wilt sympthom. Whereas, some somaclones inoculated with the higher concentration 107 and 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were wilted and died. Among the somaclones inoculated with the concentration of 107 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 8 of them were highly resistant, 4 were resistant, and 5 were moderately resistant. The disease intencity of those 17 somaclones were <50% and they were more resistant than the Sidikalang variety (moderately tolerant). Among those 17 somaclones inoculated with the concentration of 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 2 of them were highly resistant and 7 were resistant. This screening method could be used as a standard protocol for patchouli resistance screening against wilt disease.Kata kunci: Screening resistance, somaclone, patchouli, wilt disease, R. solanacearum.

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