Effects of Land Fragmentation on Food Security in Three Agro-ecological Zones of Embu County in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel Ndirangu ◽  
Stephen Mbogoh ◽  
O Mbatia
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DIFFERENT WELFARE SCHEMES ONSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FOREST DWELLERS IN MADHYA PRADESH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 785-793
Author(s):  
Sanjukta Mudgal ◽  
◽  
J.V. Sharmaa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones ◽  
Positive Impacts

The Parliament, on 29 December 2006, passed a historic legislation called The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, popularly called FRA, 2006, to recognize and vest the forest rights and occupation in forest land in forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (OTFDs). One of the objectives of the Act is to strengthen the conservation regime of the forests while ensuring livelihood and food security of the forest dwellers. While recognizing and vesting various rights in forest dwelling STs & OTFDs several welfare schemes to improve the productivity of forest land recognized and thereby to uplift the socio-economic status of forest dwellers have been carried out. Besides, the development rights provided under Section 3(2) for creation of infrastructure etc. in the villages also play an important role in this direction. A study was conducted to assess the FRA’s impact on socio-economic status of the forest dwellers in Madhya Pradesh considering that the State has got extensive forest areas, large forest dwelling tribal communities, presence of diverse agro-ecological zones, and being pioneer in the implementation of FRA. Survey was carried out in six districts viz. Chhindwara, Mandla, Badwani, Khargone, Shahdol and Sidhhi and the result reveals that different welfare schemes implemented for the benefits of forest dwellers and recognized forest land have created overall positive impacts on their socio-economic status, post implementation of FRA 2006.

scholarly journals Ethno-varieties and Distribution of jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Uganda: implications for trade, food security and germplasm conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Nakintu ◽  
Eunice Olet ◽  
Morgan Andama Andama ◽  
Julius Lejju
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Folk Knowledge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. is a fruit tree crop largely grown in tropical regions for its edible fruits. Though listed among underutilized crops, the demand for jackfruit in Uganda has increased. Amidst the increase in demand, the crop faces strong selective pressure and yet there is no documentation of the varieties and distribution of the crop in the country. This study therefore aimed at determining the varieties and distribution of jackfruit in Uganda using folk knowledge to provide a baseline for its production, booming market and conservation. A cross-sectional survey involving 349 participants comprising of 205 jackfruit traders and 144 jackfruit farmers from three political regions and three agro-ecological zones was conducted. Data were collected through face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observations. Classification of jackfruit varieties, geographical location of the source of jackfruits for traders and the time of harvest of the fruit by the farmers were investigated. Occurrence of varieties per household was determined through on-farm visits. Data analysis techniques involved descriptive, chi-square and Cramer’s V measure of association analyses. Traders mainly obtained jackfruit from Central (46.0%)  and Eastern (37.6%) political regions, Lake Victoria Crescent and Mbale Farmlands (41.1%) and Southern and Eastern Lake Kyoga Basin (30.0%) agro-ecological zones. Jackfruit varieties were classified basing on fruit texture and pulp colour, revealing four ethno-varieties, soft (Serebera), firm yellow (Kanaanansi), firm red (Namusaayi) and firm white (Namata). Namata and Serebera registered the lowest occurrences political regions and agro-ecological zones. Farmers harvested jackfruit throughout the year with a peak season in December and January. Folk knowledge provided baseline information for jackfruit variety categorization. Selection pressure exerted on Serebera and Namata demands for germplasm conservation. Since jackfruit thrives in a wide range of climatic conditions, its cultivation should be encouraged to ensure food security and sustain the increasing demand.

scholarly journals Impacts of sowing and climatic conditions on wheat yield in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Sandesh Thapa ◽  
Anup Ghimire ◽  
Janak Adhikari ◽  
Amrita Thapa ◽  
Bipana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The World ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

AbstractWheat is one of the important cereal crops in Nepal as well as globally. But due to varied climatic and sowing conditions low production has been reported throughout the world including Nepal. Sowing rates are highly correlated to yield and its yield attributing characters. Yield loss has been reported 50-62% under a late sown condition which shows a heavy threat to food security problems. Vijaya is the most recommended varieties under late sown conditions due to its high yield and less threat to late sown conditions. Thus identification and release of varieties suitable under late sown conditions are of the utmost importance. Researches should be accelerated under different agro-ecological zones to study the constraints associated with late sown wheat in Nepal.

scholarly journals The impact of climatic changes on total horticultural production and food security in agro-ecological zones of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1712-1723
Author(s):  
Nader Barani ◽  
Ayatollah Karami ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmadpour Borazjani
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Arid and semi-arid climates, including that of Iran, are more susceptible to environmental changes due to their special ecological structure than other climates. Therefore, climate change in these areas appears to have significant effects on agricultural and food production systems. The present study explores the effect of climatic changes on total horticultural production and food security in agro-ecological zones of Iran. The study was conducted in two steps. In the first step, the effects of climatic parameters on total horticultural production were investigated using time series data (1985–2017) and a regression model. In the second step, due to the important role of horticultural products in per capita food consumption in Iran, the effect of climate parameters on food security was also examined. Results revealed that total horticultural production was influenced by temperature, evapotranspiration, and wind speed at the 0.05 level. With the increase in temperature (at a rate of one unit), total horticultural production is reduced to 0.01 million tons. Evapotranspiration and wind speed have had a negative effect on total horticultural production, and with increasing evapotranspiration and wind speed, total horticultural production was 0.029 and 0.008 million, respectively, tons decreased. Also, food security was influenced by temperature, precipitation, and wind speed.

scholarly journals Competitiveness and Policy Analysis of Potato Production in Different Agro-ecological Zones of Northern Areas: Implications for Food Security and Poverty Alleviation

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1137-1154
Author(s):  
Noor P. Khan ◽  
Javed Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The People ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Potato (L. Solanum tuberosum) belongs to Solanaceae family. It is the most important dicotyledonous tuber crop and possesses major socio-economic importance worldwide. It is the fourth most cultivated food crop after wheat, rice and maize in world. Potato is a good and cheaper source of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and proteins and also provides most of the trace elements, which can meet the energy requirement of the people living in the developing countries like Pakistan [Rahman (1986)]. About 325 million metric ton of potato is produced annually throughout the world [World Book (2001)]. This crop is financially more remunerative than cereals from food security and can be recommended as a partial replacement of cereals.

Garden production systems and food security in Ghana: Characteristics of traditional knowledge and management systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Yiridoe ◽  
Vincent M. Anchirinah
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

AbstractThere is limited documented scientific information on garden production systems managed in developing countries, partly because both researchers and research administrators have, until recently, ignored them as legitimate areas of study, and because such production systems have been regarded as informal production activities, managed outside conventional market and economic channels. Yet in a developing country such as Ghana, these production systems are potentially able to contribute substantially to the food security and health needs of households. This study was aimed primarily at providing critical scientific information for understanding the complex web of production and management factors associated with garden production systems. A total of 300 survey responses, representing the Sudan savannah, Guinea savannah and moist deciduous forest agro-ecological zones of Ghana, were analyzed (27% of respondents were females and 73% were males). Several hypotheses from the field agriculture literature were tested to determine their relevance in garden production systems. Although, for the country as a whole, a variety of garden crops are cultivated, each agro-ecological zone concentrated on a set of four major crops, with the actual food crops differing across agro-ecological zones. The type of protective fencing used was not statistically associated with land tenure (i.e., own versus rented land) status of the gardener (χ2=3.285, P=0.4501). Gender responsibilities in garden production and management tended to be more equally shared in the forest agro-ecology, where garden crops are cultivated for household consumption and for generating family income. In contrast, in the two savannah zones, adult males undertook a disproportionate share of activities to produce garden crops that were primarily for marketing. Valuable information on production and management exist within the traditional garden production systems studied, and range from socio-economic, agronomic and medicinal considerations in selecting garden crops and fruit trees, to ecological monitoring systems and strategies for garden management.

scholarly journals Towards Understanding Variability in Droughts in Response to Extreme Climate Conditions over the Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6910
Author(s):  
Adil Dilawar ◽  
Baozhang Chen ◽  
Arfan Arshad ◽  
Lifeng Guo ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Ehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Here, we provided a comprehensive analysis of long-term drought and climate extreme patterns in the agro ecological zones (AEZs) of Pakistan during 1980–2019. Drought trends were investigated using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at various timescales (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, SPEI-6, and SPEI-12). The results showed that droughts (seasonal and annual) were more persistent and severe in the southern, southwestern, southeastern, and central parts of the region. Drought exacerbated with slopes of −0.02, −0.07, −0.08, −0.01, and −0.02 per year. Drought prevailed in all AEZs in the spring season. The majority of AEZs in Pakistan’s southern, middle, and southwestern regions had experienced substantial warming. The mean annual temperature minimum (Tmin) increased faster than the mean annual temperature maximum (Tmax) in all zones. Precipitation decreased in the southern, northern, central, and southwestern parts of the region. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a robust increase in temperature extremes with a variance of 76% and a decrease in precipitation extremes with a variance of 91% in the region. Temperature and precipitation extremes indices had a strong Pearson correlation with drought events. Higher temperatures resulted in extreme drought (dry conditions), while higher precipitation levels resulted in wetting conditions (no drought) in different AEZs. In most AEZs, drought occurrences were more responsive to precipitation. The current findings are helpful for climate mitigation strategies and specific zonal efforts are needed to alleviate the environmental and societal impacts of drought.

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