scholarly journals Impacts of sowing and climatic conditions on wheat yield in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Sandesh Thapa ◽  
Anup Ghimire ◽  
Janak Adhikari ◽  
Amrita Thapa ◽  
Bipana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The World ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

AbstractWheat is one of the important cereal crops in Nepal as well as globally. But due to varied climatic and sowing conditions low production has been reported throughout the world including Nepal. Sowing rates are highly correlated to yield and its yield attributing characters. Yield loss has been reported 50-62% under a late sown condition which shows a heavy threat to food security problems. Vijaya is the most recommended varieties under late sown conditions due to its high yield and less threat to late sown conditions. Thus identification and release of varieties suitable under late sown conditions are of the utmost importance. Researches should be accelerated under different agro-ecological zones to study the constraints associated with late sown wheat in Nepal.

scholarly journals Ethno-varieties and Distribution of jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Uganda: implications for trade, food security and germplasm conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Nakintu ◽  
Eunice Olet ◽  
Morgan Andama Andama ◽  
Julius Lejju
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Folk Knowledge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. is a fruit tree crop largely grown in tropical regions for its edible fruits. Though listed among underutilized crops, the demand for jackfruit in Uganda has increased. Amidst the increase in demand, the crop faces strong selective pressure and yet there is no documentation of the varieties and distribution of the crop in the country. This study therefore aimed at determining the varieties and distribution of jackfruit in Uganda using folk knowledge to provide a baseline for its production, booming market and conservation. A cross-sectional survey involving 349 participants comprising of 205 jackfruit traders and 144 jackfruit farmers from three political regions and three agro-ecological zones was conducted. Data were collected through face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observations. Classification of jackfruit varieties, geographical location of the source of jackfruits for traders and the time of harvest of the fruit by the farmers were investigated. Occurrence of varieties per household was determined through on-farm visits. Data analysis techniques involved descriptive, chi-square and Cramer’s V measure of association analyses. Traders mainly obtained jackfruit from Central (46.0%)  and Eastern (37.6%) political regions, Lake Victoria Crescent and Mbale Farmlands (41.1%) and Southern and Eastern Lake Kyoga Basin (30.0%) agro-ecological zones. Jackfruit varieties were classified basing on fruit texture and pulp colour, revealing four ethno-varieties, soft (Serebera), firm yellow (Kanaanansi), firm red (Namusaayi) and firm white (Namata). Namata and Serebera registered the lowest occurrences political regions and agro-ecological zones. Farmers harvested jackfruit throughout the year with a peak season in December and January. Folk knowledge provided baseline information for jackfruit variety categorization. Selection pressure exerted on Serebera and Namata demands for germplasm conservation. Since jackfruit thrives in a wide range of climatic conditions, its cultivation should be encouraged to ensure food security and sustain the increasing demand.

Evaluation of potential crop productivity based on remote sensing and agro-ecological zones around the world

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-722
Author(s):  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Qiangzi Li ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Longcai Zhao ◽  
Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The World ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

scholarly journals Does Climate Change Affect the Yield of the Top Three Cereals and Food Security in the World?

Earth ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
Dhurba Neupane ◽  
Pramila Adhikari ◽  
Dwarika Bhattarai ◽  
Birendra Rana ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
World Food Security

Climate prediction models suggest that agricultural productivity will be significantly affected in the future. The expected rise in average global temperature due to the higher release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere and increased depletion of water resources with enhanced climate variability will be a serious threat to world food security. Moreover, there is an increase in the frequency and severity of long-lasting drought events over 1/3rd of the global landmass and five times increase in water demand deficits during the 21st century. The top three cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa), are the major and staple food crops of most people across the world. To meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population, which is expected to increase by over 9 billion by 2050, there is a dire need to increase cereal production by approximately 70%. However, we have observed a dramatic decrease in area of fertile and arable land to grow these crops. This trend is likely to increase in the future. Therefore, this review article provides an extensive review on recent and future projected area and production, the growth requirements and greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of the top three cereal crops, the effects of climate change on their yields, and the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and hormonal responses of plants to drought. We also discuss the potential strategies to tackle the effects of climate change and increase yields. These strategies include integrated conventional and modern molecular techniques and genomic approach, the implementation of agronomic best management (ABM) practices, and growing climate resilient cereal crops, such as millets. Millets are less resource-intensive crops and release a lower amount of greenhouse gases compared to other cereals. Therefore, millets can be the potential next-generation crops for research to explore the climate-resilient traits and use the information for the improvement of major cereals.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DIFFERENT WELFARE SCHEMES ONSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FOREST DWELLERS IN MADHYA PRADESH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 785-793
Author(s):  
Sanjukta Mudgal ◽  
◽  
J.V. Sharmaa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones ◽  
Positive Impacts

The Parliament, on 29 December 2006, passed a historic legislation called The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, popularly called FRA, 2006, to recognize and vest the forest rights and occupation in forest land in forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (OTFDs). One of the objectives of the Act is to strengthen the conservation regime of the forests while ensuring livelihood and food security of the forest dwellers. While recognizing and vesting various rights in forest dwelling STs & OTFDs several welfare schemes to improve the productivity of forest land recognized and thereby to uplift the socio-economic status of forest dwellers have been carried out. Besides, the development rights provided under Section 3(2) for creation of infrastructure etc. in the villages also play an important role in this direction. A study was conducted to assess the FRA’s impact on socio-economic status of the forest dwellers in Madhya Pradesh considering that the State has got extensive forest areas, large forest dwelling tribal communities, presence of diverse agro-ecological zones, and being pioneer in the implementation of FRA. Survey was carried out in six districts viz. Chhindwara, Mandla, Badwani, Khargone, Shahdol and Sidhhi and the result reveals that different welfare schemes implemented for the benefits of forest dwellers and recognized forest land have created overall positive impacts on their socio-economic status, post implementation of FRA 2006.

Fungal metabolites diversity in maize and associated human dietary exposures relate to micro-climatic patterns in Malawi

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Matumba ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
M. Monjerezi ◽  
T. Biswick ◽  
R. Krska
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

This study investigated the diversity of fungal metabolites in maize across four agro-ecological zones of Malawi. A total of 90 maize samples (for human consumption), collected from farmsteads, were analysed for 235 fungal metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 65 metabolites were found in the samples. 75% of samples from the hottest agro-ecological zone contained either aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone; or a combination thereof in levels exceeding European Union (EU) maximum levels, whereas the related fraction was only 17% in the cool temperature zone. Aflatoxins, citrinin, 3-nitropropionic acid, monocerin and equisetin were most prevalent and in higher levels in samples from hot agro-ecological zones, whereas deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone and aurofusarin were most prevalent in cool agro-ecologies. On the basis of per-capita maize consumption, estimated daily intakes for all samples from hot ecologies were well above the JECFA's provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 2.0 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day for fumonisins, whereas the PMTDI of 1.0 μg/kg bw/day for deoxynivalenol was exceeded in relatively more (90%) samples from the cool highlands than the other zones. These results demonstrate the influence of micro-climatic conditions on mycotoxin prevalence patterns and underscores the need for development of agro-ecological specific mycotoxin dietary exposure management strategies.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Panax ginseng Cultivars in Korea and China

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Suleman Abid ◽  
Jong Chan Ahn ◽  
Ramya Mathiyalagan ◽  
Yu-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Panax Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Ginsenoside Content ◽  
Rot Disease

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal herbs in Asia. Its pharmacological activity comes from ginsenosides, and its roots are produced commercially for traditional and Oriental medicine. Though 17 Panax species are available around the world, there was a need to develop cultivars adapted to different climatic conditions and resistant to various diseases while still producing high-quality, high-yield roots. Thus, 12 and 9 commercial P. ginseng cultivars have been registered in South Korea and China, respectively. Those varieties show superiority to local landraces. For example, Chunpoong is more highly resistant to rusty rot disease than the local Jakyungjong landrace and has a good root shape; it is highly cultivated to produce red ginseng. The Chinese cultivar Jilin Huangguo Renshen has higher ginsenoside content than its local landraces. This review provides information about P. ginseng cultivars and offers directions for future research, such as intra- and interspecific hybridization.

scholarly journals Models for Predicting Potential Yield Loss of Wheat Caused by Stripe Rust in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
X. M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The U.S

Climatic variation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) affects epidemics of wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Previous models only estimated disease severity at the flowering stage, which may not predict the actual yield loss. To identify weather factors correlated to stripe rust epidemics and develop models for predicting potential yield loss, correlation and regression analyses were conducted using weather parameters and historical yield loss data from 1993 to 2007 for winter wheat and 1995 to 2007 for spring wheat. Among 1,376 weather variables, 54 were correlated to yield loss of winter wheat and 18 to yield loss of spring wheat. Among the seasons, winter temperature variables were more highly correlated to wheat yield loss than the other seasons. The sum of daily temperatures and accumulated negative degree days of February were more highly correlated to winter wheat yield loss than the other monthly winter variables. In addition, the number of winter rainfall days was found correlated with yield loss. Six yield loss models were selected for each of winter and spring wheats based on their better correlation coefficients, time of weather data availability during the crop season, and better performance in validation tests. Compared with previous models, the new system of using a series of the selected models has advantages that should make it more suitable for forecasting and managing stripe rust in the major wheat growing areas in the U.S. PNW, where the weather conditions have become more favorable to stripe rust.

scholarly journals Adopting deficit irrigation as a strategy to enhance food security in Botswana

1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
A Clift–Hill
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Resultant Increase

Food security can be defined as ensuring that all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life. Most countries aim to achieve food security by maximising production and thus reducing the reliance on imported food. Botswana is a net food importing developing country (NFIDC). The average annual food import bill over the last three years has been six billion Pula. The value of imported food as a proportion of all merchandise imports fell from 14.2% in 2000 to 8.7% in 2015. This resulted in Botswana’s ranking in the world moving from position 63 in 2000 to 100 in 2015. In this study, data provided by Statistics Botswana were disaggregated to separate foodstuff from beverages and tobacco. Over the last three years, one fifth of imported food valued at just over one billion Pula per year, has been staple cereals (sorghum, maize and wheat). Seventy five per cent of all imports are from South Africa which makes the country’s position of food insecurity even more precarious. An argument is presented to encourage the irrigation of staple cereal crops so as to increase production and thus substitute for imports, create employment and improve the food security status of the country. In particular, it is argued that deficit irrigation should be adopted as a matter of policy, allowing the most efficient use of limited water resources and resultant increase in irrigated area and quantities of staple foods produced.

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