scholarly journals Impact of Watershed on Cost and Returns Structure of Soyabean Cultivation in Nek Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
. Vaijanatha ◽  
Suresh S. Patil ◽  
Amrutha T. Joshi ◽  
B. S. Reddy ◽  
S. B. Goudappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Population

Land is a scarce resource and basic unit for any material production. It can support the needs of the growing population, provided they use land in a rational and judicious manner. The biggest crisis that the world is facing in the 21st century is the crisis of water. Looming water scarcity over large parts of the world and increased withdrawal by agriculture from 2500 km3 in 2000 to 3200 km3 by 2025 has attracted the attention of policy makers and researchers for achieving food and water security. Soybean (Glycine max) was one of the major Kharif crop cultivated in watershed (71.50 acres) and non-watershed areas (80.35 acres). Hence, an attempt was made to study the impact of watershed on the cost and returns structure in soybean cultivation in selected four districts of NEK region with the sample size of 240. It was observed inputs utilized for the cultivation in watershed areas was higher than non-watershed areas. Due to higher input utilization the total cost in watershed (Rs. 17080.90/ha.) was higher than non-watershed (Rs. 14257.62/ha.). The returns were also higher in watershed area (Rs. 27941.76/ha.). The returns per rupee of investment realized in watershed areas was 1.64 which is slightly higher than (1.56) non-watershed areas. The higher returns per rupee of investment indicating soyabean cultivation in the watershed area was financially feasible.

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

scholarly journals The Development of Patient Scheduling Groups for an Effective Appointment System

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li Huang
Keyword(s):  
Access To Care ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Patient Scheduling ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Patient Type ◽  
Clinic Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

SummaryPatient access to care and long wait times has been identified as major problems in outpatient delivery systems. These aspects impact medical staff productivity, service quality, clinic efficiency, and health-care cost.This study proposed to redesign existing patient types into scheduling groups so that the total cost of clinic flow and scheduling flexibility was minimized. The optimal scheduling group aimed to improve clinic efficiency and accessibility.The proposed approach used the simulation optimization technique and was demonstrated in a Primary Care physician clinic. Patient type included, emergency/urgent care (ER/UC), follow-up (FU), new patient (NP), office visit (OV), physical exam (PE), and well child care (WCC). One scheduling group was designed for this physician. The approach steps were to collect physician treatment time data for each patient type, form the possible scheduling groups, simulate daily clinic flow and patient appointment requests, calculate costs of clinic flow as well as appointment flexibility, and find the scheduling group that minimized the total cost.The cost of clinic flow was minimized at the scheduling group of four, an 8.3% reduction from the group of one. The four groups were: 1. WCC, 2. OV, 3. FU and ER/UC, and 4. PE and NP. The cost of flexibility was always minimized at the group of one. The total cost was minimized at the group of two. WCC was considered separate and the others were grouped together. The total cost reduction was 1.3% from the group of one.This study provided an alternative method of redesigning patient scheduling groups to address the impact on both clinic flow and appointment accessibility. Balance between them ensured the feasibility to the recognized issues of patient service and access to care. The robustness of the proposed method on the changes of clinic conditions was also discussed.

The Impact of the Women's Decade on Policies, Programs and Empowerment of Women in Kenya

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Maria Nzomo
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Women In Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women’S Organizations

The 1985 Nairobi Conference to close the United Nations decade dedicated to women of the world caught Kenyan women (and men) by storm. Indeed, the majority of Kenyan women did not know, until the eve of this conference, that there had been an entire decade dedicated to them, and committed to the achievement of Equality, Development, and Peace. However, the Kenyan policy makers and the enlightened among Kenyan women, especially leaders of women's organizations, were not only fully aware of the decade's developments, but had in various ways participated and contributed to it. On its part, the Kenya government by the end of the decade, had adopted a Women in Development (WID) policy position and created and/or promoted national machineries to develop and coordinate programs for women.

Neuroscience20 (BRAIN20, SPINE20, and MENTAL20) Health Initiative: A Global Consortium Addressing the Human and Economic Burden of Brain, Spine, and Mental Disorders Through Neurotech Innovations and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Kevin Morris ◽  
Mohammad Nami ◽  
Joe F. Bolanos ◽  
Maria A. Lobo ◽  
Melody Sadri-Naini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Neurological disorders significantly impact the world’s economy due to their often chronic and life-threatening nature afflicting individuals which, in turn, creates a global disease burden. The Group of Twenty (G20) member nations, which represent the largest economies globally, should come together to formulate a plan on how to overcome this burden. The Neuroscience-20 (N20) initiative of the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT) is at the vanguard of this global collaboration to comprehensively raise awareness about brain, spine, and mental disorders worldwide. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the various brain initiatives worldwide and highlight the need for cooperation and recommend ways to bring down costs associated with the discovery and treatment of neurological disorders. Our systematic search revealed that the cost of neurological and psychiatric disorders to the world economy by 2030 is roughly $16T. The cost to the economy of the United States is $1.5T annually and growing given the impact of COVID-19. We also discovered there is a shortfall of effective collaboration between nations and a lack of resources in developing countries. Current statistical analyses on the cost of neurological disorders to the world economy strongly suggest that there is a great need for investment in neurotechnology and innovation or fast-tracking therapeutics and diagnostics to curb these costs. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, SBMT, through this paper, intends to showcase the importance of worldwide collaborations to reduce the population’s economic and health burden, specifically regarding neurological/brain, spine, and mental disorders.

Does the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic influence the FX? A note.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Vasileiou
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Domestic Currency ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This note shows that the effective response of a country in its battle against COVID-19 influences the exchange rate of its currency. Particularly, we examine the GBPUSD, AUDUSD and AUDGBP pairs of currency during the COVID-19 outbreak and the results show that the domestic currency of the country which documents more COVID-19 cases in each pair is depreciated against the foreign one. Therefore, a country which cannot effectively mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and whose currency is depreciated may present further economic consequences in the future. Such consequences extend beyond economic recession and may include sovereign and interest rate risk. These findings may be useful for policy makers in order to estimate the cost of the pandemic.

Resource Distribution Strategies for Mitigation of Cross-Regional Influenza Pandemics

2013 ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Andres Uribe-Sanchez ◽  
Alex Savachkin
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Dynamic Resource ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

As recently acknowledged by the Institute of Medicine, the existing pandemic mitigation models lack dynamic decision support capabilities. This paper develops a simulation optimization model for generating dynamic resource distribution strategies over a network of regions exposed to a pandemic. While the underlying simulation mimics the disease and population dynamics of the affected regions, the optimization model generates progressive allocations of mitigation resources, including vaccines, antivirals, healthcare capacities, and social distancing enforcement measures. The model strives to minimize the impact of ongoing outbreaks and the expected impact of the potential outbreaks, considering measures of morbidity, mortality, and social distancing, translated into the cost of lost productivity and medical expenses. The model was implemented on a simulated outbreak involving four million inhabitants. The strategy was compared to pro-rata and myopic strategies. The model is intended to assist public health policy makers in developing effective distribution policies during influenza pandemics.

Cost Comparison of Panel Level and Wafer Level Fan-out Packaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000141-000164
Author(s):  
Amy Lujan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Process Flow ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Large Panels ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the possibility of panels replacing wafers in some fan-out applications has been a topic of interest. Questions of cost and yield continue to arise even as the industry appears to be full steam ahead. While large panels allow for more packages to be produced at once, the cost does not scale simply based on how many more packages can be generated from a panel over a wafer. This analysis begins by breaking down the types of cost and will discuss how those types of cost are impacted (or not) by the shift from wafer to panel. Activity based cost modeling is used; this is a detailed, bottom-up approach that takes into account each type of cost for each activity in a process flow. Two complete cost models were constructed for this analysis. A variety of package sizes are analyzed, and multiple panel sizes are included as well. For each set of activities in the fan-out process flow, there is an explanation of how the process changes with the move to panel, including assumptions related to throughput, equipment price, and materials. The cost reduction that may be achieved at each package and panel size will be presented for each processing segment. The focus of this analysis is on the details of each segment of the process flow, but results for the total cost of various packages will also be presented. There is also a section of analysis related to the impact of yield on the competitiveness of panel processing.

Middle East generics: Challenges & opportunities

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Tantash
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Growing Population

The pharmaceutical market in the Middle East is valued at more than $9.4b and is expected to grow over at a rate of 10% annually. Although there continues to be unrest in the region and around the world, both economically and politically, the Middle East has seen a shift and the pharmaceutical market is becoming more attractive. These countries are traditionally high importers of originator brands and branded generic drugs. Although originator drugs have previously held most of the market, new policies that favor generics are being implemented in the region. The pharmaceutical market ranges quite a bit within the various countries in the Middle East, Bahrain remains the smallest market with Saudi Arabia being the largest due to a growing population and new westernized lifestyle. Policy makers in the region should continue to encourage new players by continuing to propose new policies that allow for continued growth

Diffusion of crisis signals across the world: evidence from subprime crisis of 2008-2009

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sruthi Rajan ◽  
Shijin Santhakumar
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The innovations in fundamentals coupled with noise traders induce co-movement in diverse markets. This co-movement in equity markets which is evidenced higher during the turmoil period influences economic fundamentals of a country dissimilar in nature. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether economic fundamentals or investors’ behavior attributable to disturbances across the world are the rationale behind the crisis transmission, and thereby distinguish fundamental-based contagion from investor-induced contagion. Design/methodology/approach Initially, the study investigates the role of macroeconomic fundamentals and stock returns on crisis occurrence using panel probit estimates. Additionally, ordinary least squares estimates controlling the influence of fundamentals on domestic return capture the discrete country effect measuring the influence of domestic as well as foreign economic fundamentals along with foreign returns on the domestic stock index. Findings The empirical results reveal that foreign country stock index returns are having a significant influence on domestic returns besides a prominent role in crisis occurrence. The binary probit model confirmed the influence of both macroeconomic factors and foreign returns in crisis occurrence. The OLS estimates found evidence for investor-induced contagion in the crisis period where the effects of economic fundamentals are small in comparison to foreign market returns that are mainly dominant in pre- and post-crisis period. Research limitations/implications The propagation of crisis from one market to other would enable the policy makers to make clear regulations at right time to control for the crisis in future. The results can help the policy makers as well as investors in reducing the impact of the crisis in future by clearly monitoring the behavior of the factors under study. Originality/value The current study addresses the role of macro fundamentals and investors influence in crisis propagation. Adopting subprime crisis of 2008-2009 as a reference point and separating the sample period into pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis period, the study explains how badly the other 30 markets impacted the crisis that emerged in the USA.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ITS IMPACT ON THE EXISTENCE OF BUSINESS ACTORS IN TRADITIONAL MARKETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1SP) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Syamsul Syamsul ◽  
Siti Masyita
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
One Way Anova

Currently, the World is hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of this pandemic, is not only life threatening, but also has an economic downturn that is evenly distributed in almost all countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the existence of business actors in traditional markets. The polls and samples of this study were chicken and egg traders at Manonda Central Market, Palu. Primary data was obtained through distributing questionnaires to research respondents. Based on the results of descriptive analysis and test one-way anova, it was found that there were differences in profit, sales turnover, and the number of buyers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This means that the COVID-19 pandemic threatens the existence of business actors in traditional markets. This research is useful for policy makers in maintaining the existence of business actors during the current COVID-19 pandemic

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