Leaf Nutrient Concentrations and Dry Biomass of Fig Plants as Modified by the Application of NPK: A Preliminary Study

Aims: The effect of a complete NPK matrix on leaf nutrient concentrations and dry biomass of ‘Black Mission’ fig plant organs was tested under an intensive culture system and protected environment. Study Design: A randomized complete block design with four blocks was employed. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted from April to November 2016 at the Campo Experimental La Laguna, located in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico. This research station belongs to the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) of Mexico. The experiment was set up under a macro tunnel equipped with a shade mesh with 50% sunlight attenuation. Methodology: Two-year-old fig plants (cv. ‘Black Mission’) previously propagated from stem cuttings were used. There were three application rates each for N (0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1), P (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1), and K (0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1) arranged in a balanced factorial matrix of 27 treatments. After harvest, leaf samples were collected to determine nutrient concentrations and they were split into roots, shoots, leaves, and fruit Results: The greatest total dry biomass was produced by the interaction of 80 kg ha-1 N and 40 kg ha-1 P and yielded the following leaf nutrient concentrations (mean ± SD): N 2.9 ± 0.3%, P 0.11 ± 0.01%, K 2.1 ± 0.4%, Ca 1.4 ± 0.7%, Mg 0.34 ± 0.03%, Fe 166.4 ± 49.5 mg kg-1, Cu 6.3 ± 1.7 mg kg-1, Mn 83.3 ± 20.9 mg kg-1, and Zn 22. 6 ± 3.8 mg kg-1. Application of 80 kg ha-1 N and 40 kg ha-1 P could be suggested for commercial fig production. Conclusion: Application of 80 kg ha-1 N and 40 kg ha-1 P could be tested under similar commercial production systems; however, the addition of supplemental K deserves further study.

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Seed Yam Production Using High-Quality Minitubers Derived from Plants Established with Vine Cuttings

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 978

Author(s):

Beatrice Aighewi ◽

Norbert Maroya ◽

Lava Kumar ◽

Morufat Balogun ◽

Daniel Aihebhoria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Research Station ◽

International Institute ◽

Tropical Agriculture ◽

Single Node ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The World ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Set Up

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a valuable food security crop in West Africa, where 92% of the world production occurs. The availability of quality seed tubers for increased productivity is a major challenge. In this study, minitubers weighing 1, 3, and 5 g produced from virus-free single-node vine cuttings of two improved yam varieties (Asiedu and Kpamyo) growing in an aeroponics system were assessed for suitability in seed production at a population of 100,000 plants ha−1. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was set up during the cropping seasons of 2017 to 2019 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Results showed field establishments of 87%–97.8%. Yields differed with minituber size, variety, and cropping season; the highest was 31.2 t ha−1 in 2019 and the lowest, 10 t ha−1 in 2018 from 5 and 1 g Kpamyo minitubers, respectively. The estimated number of tubers produced per hectare by 1, 3, and 5 g minitubers was 101,296, 112,592, and 130,555, with mean weights per stand of 159.2, 187.3, and 249.4 g, respectively. We recommend using less than 6 g minitubers for seed yam production due to their high multiplication rates.

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Impact of Micronutrients and Sea Weed Sap on Nutrient Availability and Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) CV. Dashehari in Mollisols of Uttarakhand

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i530305 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ravina Pawar ◽

A. K. Singh ◽

K. P. Raverkar ◽

Chiranjeev Kumawat ◽

Johnson Lakra

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Availability ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of micronutrients and sea weed sap on nutrient availability and leaf nutrient concentrations of mango cv. Dashehari in the year 2014-2015. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments consisting of various concentrations and combinations of micronutrients, sea weed sap along with recommended dose of fertilizers in sub-tropical region of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The highest available soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (195.51, 74.30 & 218.79 kg ha-1), B, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn (1.41, 0.85, 16.78, 3.21 and 25.50 ppm) after harvest were observed with the application of RDF + IIHR Mango Special @ 5 g/l (2 sprays at two months before flowering and marble stage). RDF + IIHR Mango Special also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (1.88, 0.99, 0.83 %); B, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn (18.17, 69.29, 199.49, 48.89 and 84.40 ppm) in leaves of mango cv. Dashehari. Foliar application of sea weed sap @ 10% (2 sprays at panicle emergence and marble stage) + RDF + ZnSO4 @ 200 g + CuSO4 @ 100 g + Boric acid @ 100 g (soil application) per plant in basin after harvest, also resulted in enhanced status of nutrients in plants and soil over various treatments followed to RDF + IIHR Mango Special @ 5 g/l foliar application.

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Pruning Method Affects Lowbush Blueberry Yields

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.784c ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 784C-784

Author(s):

John M. Smagula ◽

Scott Dunham

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Diammonium Phosphate ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Pruning Method ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Main Effect ◽

Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Leaf P

Flail mowing was compared to traditional pruning by oil fire over a 12-year period in two fertility experiments testing interactions with pruning method. In study one (1983–1986), urea at 0, 22.4, 44.8, 67.2, or 89.6 kg·ha–1 was applied preemergent in a split-block design with fertility as the main effect, and pruning method split within six blocks. Study two (1987–1994) continued the pruning and application of fertilizer on the treatment plots with similar rates, but diammonium phosphate (DAP) replaced urea as the fertilizer. Leaf tissue N concentrations were above the 1.6% standard and urea had no effect or decreased yield. There was no interaction of fertility and pruning and no effect of pruning method on yield. No interaction of fertility and pruning was found in study two, but DAP increased leaf P concentrations and yield and, after three cycles of mowing, yields had begun to decline in mowed plots compared to burned plots. No meaningful differences in leaf nutrient concentrations were found between plants in mowed and burned plots.

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Nutrient use Efficiency in Calcareous Soil Amended by the Silicate, Humate and Compost

Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ◽

10.9734/ajsspn/2021/v7i330112 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Dalal H. Sary ◽

Rama T. Rashad

Keyword(s):

Calcareous Soil ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Application Rate ◽

Research Station ◽

Application Rates ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Use Efficiency

Aims: A study was carried out in the field aims to study the response of a calcareous soil cultivated by soybean to the application of K-silicate (K-Si), K-humate (K-H), and compost at application rates 50% and 100% of the recommended dose. Study Design: Complete randomized block design with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study: At El-Nubaryia Agricultural Research Station (latitude of 30° 30°N longitude of 30° 20°E) Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nubaryia, Egypt (Summer seasons of 2018 and 2019). Methodology: Compost was mixed with surface soil a week before cultivation at application rates 3.75 and 7.5 kg plot-1 (3.91 and 7.81 t ha-1, respectively). Powder K-H was spread on soil at application rates 7.5 and 15 g plot-1 while aqueous solutions of K-Si; 8 and 16 mL L-1 for plot was sprayed on soil 30, 60, and 90 days after cultivation. Results: Results showed that soil moisture(SM, %) was increased by the 100% application rate in the order compost (20.6%) > K-Si (19.3%) > K-H (19.1%). A significant increase was found in the seed yield (kg ha-1) by 129.5%, 84.8% and 70.6% by compost, K-H and K-Si, respectively. Compost at 100% application rate showed the most significant increase in the available nitrogen N (mg kg-1) in soil by 104.4% followed by K-H (by 81.8%) then K-Si by 23.4%. Compost also showed the most significant increase in the N uptake from soil (kg ha-1 soil) by seeds and straw followed by K-H then K-Si. The nutrient use efficiency (NUE, %) and agronomic efficiency (AE) values decreased in the order K-H > K-Si > compost at 50% and 100% application rates. Conclusion: The quite smaller dose and ease of field application by spraying may make the K-H more agronomically efficient than K-Si and compost.

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Influence of Fertilizer Application Timing and Rate on Azalea Bloom

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.789b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 789B-789

Author(s):

Julie Fulenwider* ◽

David Creech

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Application Timing ◽

Fertilization Rates ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Bloom Date

General guidelines for the fertilization of azaleas in Southern landscapes often suggest applications be made after bloom. Early fertilizations are thought to encourage earlier blooms which are more likely to be damaged by spring freezes. Three years of data will be presented. Treatments include four fertilization rates, and various times of application from early (December-January) to late (March-April). Four to six varieties were evaluated (depending on the year of the study) in the SFA Ruby M. Mize Azalea Garden and in plantings on the Stephen F. Austin State Univ. campus. A randomized complete block design was utilized with three plants per replication. Influence of timing and rate of fertilizer application on bloom date and persistence. Influence of fertilizer treatments on leaf nutrient concentrations will be presented.

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Floristic diversification of spreading liverseed grass pasture according to different cutting intensities, obtained by grazing simulation

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.53297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e53297

Author(s):

Sidnei Roberto de Marchi ◽

Ricardo Fagundes Marques ◽

Rodrigo Marques de Souza ◽

Prissila Pereira dos Santos Araújo ◽

Ilgner Thiago Duarte Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Floristic Diversity ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Simulated Grazing ◽

Set Up ◽

Cutting Intensity ◽

Number Of Individuals

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different forage cutting intensities, obtained by grazing simulation, on the floristic diversity and productivity of a pasture cultivated with spreading liverseed grass. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design, with four replications and treatments arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with five levels of cutting intensity of the simulated grazing (0, 25, 50, 75, and 95% of the forage canopy) associated with two levels of weed coexistence (presence and absence). The evaluations of floristic diversity, number of individuals, and total dry matter of weeds were obtained at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days after grazing simulation (DAGS). All plots were evaluated at the end of the experimental period (90 DAGS) for the amount of dry biomass produced by the pasture. The results showed that higher forage cutting intensities, obtained by grazing simulation, increased the floristic diversity, the number of individuals, and the dry matter accumulated by weeds in a pasture grown with spreading liverseed grass, reducing by up to 56% the production of total dry matter of the forage.

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Nutrient Management in Underutilized Vegetable Crop Ivy Gourd [Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt]

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i830463 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114-119

Author(s):

N. K. Patel ◽

D. T. Desai ◽

D. D. Champaneri ◽

M. B. Tandel

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Ivy Gourd

Background: Ivy gourd is the most nutritious and healthy vegetable among the underutilized vegetable crops. To increase the production effective nutrient management is key tool. Methods: The experiment on growth and yield improvement in ivy gourd through integrated nutrient management was conducted in a randomised block design with three replications at Regional Horticulture Research Station in ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. Results: An application of 50% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) + Bio-compost had a beneficial effect on growth parameters like minimum days to flowering (35.83 days) and fruit harvest (47.11), maximum dry biomass of shoot (8.41 kg) and dry biomass of root (840 g) with near to neutral fruit pH (6.8). Maximum length of fruit (5.12 cm), diameter of fruit (1.80 cm), weight of fruit (4.57 g), maximum fruit yield plant-1 (1.64 kg), highest fruit yield (16.60 t ha-1), maximum leaf nutrient content (N - 1.753 ppm, P - 0.456 ppm, K - 1.653 ppm) and soil nutrient status (N - 211.77 kg ha-1, P2O5 - 69.52 kg ha-1, K2O - 498.96 kg ha-1) were also noted in 50% RDF + Bio-compost as compared to other treatment.

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MACRONUTRIENT RATES AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MICROORGANISMS IN A TROPICAL FLOODED RICE CROP

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n404rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 898-907

Author(s):

ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽

MARTA CRISTINA CORSI DE FILIPPI ◽

ANNA CRISTINA LANNA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Flooded Rice ◽

Application Rates

ABSTRACT Tropical flooded rice production systems require a high input of fertilizers and chemical defensive. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a sustainable component of this system, can increase nutrient-use efficiency and lead to significant increases in the grain yield of tropical flooded rice crop. This study aimed to determine the effect of the microorganism BRM 32110 (Bacillus thuringiensis) in combination with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application rates on the physiological and agronomic performance of tropical flooded rice plants. Trials were performed in the 2016/2017 growing season in Formoso do Araguaia, a city in Tocantins state, Brazil. Three independent experiments (E1, E2, and E3) were performed in a randomized block design in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme with three replications. E1 comprised four N application rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) with and without the addition of BRM 32110, E2 comprised four P2O5 application rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) with or without BRM 32110, and E3 comprised four K2O application rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha-1) with and without BRM 32110. In fertile soil, there were no interactions between the rhizobacterium BRM 32110 and the N, P or K application rates. BRM 32110 improved nutrient uptake and, on average, increased shoot dry matter by 8%, photosynthesis rate by 14% and grain yield by 11% in the flooded rice plants. Our results suggest that the use of multifunctional microorganisms is a good strategy for improving flooded rice grain yield sustainably.

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Influence of growing measures on weed interference and water status in maize

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1702113s ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120

Author(s):

Milena Simic ◽

Vesna Dragicevic ◽

Milan Brankov

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Slow Release ◽

Water Status ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Set Up ◽

Slow Release Urea

Growing modern hybrids in narrow plant spacing together with nitrogen and herbicide application gives an advantage to maize crops over weeds. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen form, maize row spacing and herbicide treatment on weed and maize biomass and water usage, as well as maize yield. The investigation was conducted at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade during 2014-2016. A field experiment was set up as a split-split-plot block design with four replications. The maize hybrid ZP388 was planted, and a standard and a slow-release form of urea were applied. For each N source, maize was grown at two row spacings: narrow of 50 cm, and standard of 70 cm, while weed control treatments included: C - without herbicide application, T - application of a pre-emergence mix of herbicides. Sowing was done in the second decade of April, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Six weeks after herbicide application, the fresh biomass of weeds uprooted from 1 m2 and aboveground biomass of ten crop plants per plot were measured together with dry matter after drying in a laboratory oven. Water content (%) in weed and maize plants was calculated as a relation between fresh and dry biomass. Maize yield was measured at the end of each growing season and calculated with 14% of moisture. All data were processed by ANOVA. The fresh and dry biomass of weeds were significantly (P>0.05) higher in untreated control than in the treated variant, while differences in water content were not significant between the two treatments. Row spacing and urea form did not cause significant differences in weed parameters. Related to this, maize fresh and dry biomass, as well as water content, were higher in herbicide-treated variants than in control but differences were insignificant. Maize biomass was somewhat higher in 50 cm rows and after application of the slow-release urea fertilizer. Yield was higher from 70 cm rows and after application of the slow-releasing urea and the herbicides.

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Management of nitrogen and nitrification inhibitors for corn and wheat production on claypan soils

10.32469/10355/62047 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Habibullah

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Growing Season ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Nitrification Inhibitors ◽

N Losses ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Application Rates ◽

N Fertilizer Use

Use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) in agricultural production systems is considered a risk management strategy for both agricultural and environmental considerations. It can be utilized when risk of reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency or yield, and risk of pollution from mineral N is high. Field research was conducted on corn (Zea mays L.) from 2012 to 2015 in Northeast Missouri. Treatments consisted of two application timings of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer solution [pre-emergence (PRE) and V3 growth stage], two application rates (143 and 168 kg N ha-1 ), with and without a NI (nitrapyrin), and a non-treated control which were arranged in randomized complete block design. UAN applied at a rate of 143 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin at the V3 growth resulted in the highest yield (8.6 Mg ha-1 ). Similarly, pre-emergence application of UAN 168 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin resulted in greater yields (7.7 Mg ha-1 ). UAN application rates and timings affected soil NO3-N and NH4-N concentration more than nitrapyrin presence or absence during the growing season. A side-dress application of a lower rate of UAN with nitrapyrin at V3 corn growth stage may be useful when risk of N losses during the growing season due to unfavorable precipitation events and other environmental variables is high. A pre-emergence application of UAN with nitrapyrin was useful and it may eliminate the need for split-application of N fertilizer later in the season. Workload on growers soon before planting or during growing season, excessive wet field conditions in early spring, reduced N fertilizer use efficiencies due to uncertain climatic conditions during growing season, and environmental concerns of pollution from - 30 - N escaping from agriculture production systems may give an incentive to growers and policy makers to increase the use of nitrapyrin in the future.

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