Line X Tester Analysis for Protein Content in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

Aims: To determine superior cross combination between QPM and tester (normal maize) genotypes in protein, tryptophan and lysine content so to enhanced protein content in locally adopted Maize Varieties (Tester) through Line X Tester method aimed in reducing protein deficiency in the study area and sub-Saharan Africa at large. Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates and two border rows were used at the end of each replicate to minimize the border effect. Twenty-four 24 (12 x 2) crosses combinations were recovered through the Line X Tester Mating Method. Place and Duration of Study: Field trial was conducted at Jega Teaching and Research farm of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero (KSUSTA), Kebbi State Nigeria, during 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons. Methodology: Experimental material comprised twelve quality protein maize (QPM) (female parents), two testers (male parents or normal maize) with diverse genetic base and one check for comparison (CML312/CML442 tester A and CML202/CML395 tester B and one check Yar acre C) were grown. The emasculation was carried out where the tassels of the female plants (seed parents or line) were removed immediately as soon as appeared, through the process called detasseling and Ear where put in selfing bag for 1 to 2 days after emergence and tassels of selected male parents (Tester) were covered with waterproof selfing bag one day after emergence, pollens from tester were dusted over the silk of line and care was taken in each stage to avoid contamination of pollen grains from tagged tester with foreign pollens. Results: Analysis of Variance revealed that, genotypes CML503 (L4 x T1) recorded highest in crude protein in a combined mean performance with 9.1% but recorded lowest lysine and tryptophan of 3.1% and 0.4% respectively and there was drastic reduction in crude protein from 2018 (9.4%) to 2019 (8.8%), lysine from 2018 (4.1%) to 2019 (3.9%) and tryptophan from 2018 (0.8%) to 2019 (0.6%), However, local check recorded an increase in crude protein, lysine and tryptophan Crude protein increased from 2018 (1.4%) to 2019 (2.4%) and in combined mean performance (5.4%), lysine also increased from 2018 (0.2%) to 2019 (0.9%) and tryptophan 2018 (0.002%) to 2019 (0.90%). Conclusion: Study concluded that highly significant differences among genotypes indicated the presence of inherent genetic differences among treatments and hybrid of the cross between QPM CML503 and the tester-A (L4 x T1) could be used for breeding programme aimed at protein improvement and therefore, could be grown by the maize producers for crude protein, lysine and tryptophan.

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Çukurova İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Silajlık Mısır (Zea mays L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Silaj Kalite Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.13-19.2673 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (sp1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Yasin Korkmaz ◽

Tugay Ayasan ◽

Sait Aykanat ◽

Mustafa Avcı

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Silage Maize ◽

Maize Varieties

The research was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute-Hacı Ali location with 4 replications according to the randomized block trial design in 2013-2014. 13 public and 1 private sector maize variety were used as material in the trials. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the maize varieties examined showed statistically significant differences in plant properties, dry grass and silage quality. Average plant height, number of leaves, leaf ratio, stem diameter, number of cob, stem ratio, cob ratio and green grass yield were 249.9 cm, 12.97 plant/piece, 19.24%, 22.08 mm, 0.93 plant/unit, 38.40% and 4,251.57 kg/da respectively. According to the analysis, it was observed that the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, crude ash content, digestible dry matter ratio, crude protein yield, dry matter rate, dry matter yield and hay yield were 8.80%, 34.91%, 59.7%, 7.2%, 61.7%, 993.9 kg/ha, 29.4%, 11,640 kg/ha 12,570 kg/ha in dry grass, respectively. For the silage of varieties, the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, pH, digestible dry matter rate, dry matter ratio, crude protein yield and Fleig score were 8.22%, 29.27%, 50.48%, 3.57, 66.1%, 28.14%, 926 kg/ha and 118.35, respectively. Burak, Sasa 1 and Ada 334 genotypes performed better in terms of green yield per hectare (53,650, 50,290 and 45,630 kg/ha) and dry matter yield (14,710, 12,810 and 12,410 kg/ha). These varieties can be recommended to producers as silage maize varieties under second crop conditions in Çukurova region of Turkey.

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Environmental impact and genetic expressions of new drought tolerant maize genotypes in derived savannah agro-ecology

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb13110691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 10691

Author(s):

Paul INYANG ◽

Chikezie O. ENE ◽

Ankrumah EMMANUEL ◽

Uchechukwu P. CHUKWUDI ◽

Ugochukwu N. IKEOGU

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Block Design ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

International Institute ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Yield Data ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Sub Saharan

Reduced water resources in sub-Saharan Africa will not only pose threat to the livelihood of poor resource farmers, but also food security in the region. Drought tolerant (DT) maize varieties hold promise to reducing poor resourced farmers’ vulnerability and improve food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Ten maize genotypes obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), were evaluated in 2015 and 2016 using a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications to estimate their genetic variability and predict their genetic advances in the derived savannah agro-ecology. Growth, phenological and yield data were collected from 10 middle row plants. Genetic advance, genotypic, phenotypic and environmental coefficients of variations and their variances were estimated. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses were also performed. The dendrogram showed that at 80% dissimilarity point, the genotypes were grouped into clusters A, B and C in both years. The first two principal components explained 91.8% and 93.3% of the total variation in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Number of grains cob-1, plant height and number of days to physiological maturity were consistent in explaining the variations observed in the maize population. Heritability estimates in broad sense ranged from 1.35% for number of leaves to 87.43% for grain yield per hectare. The genetic parameters studied showed significant variations among the growth, phenological and yield data collected that warrants selection and maize improvement program using the DT maize inbred lines in derived savannah agro-ecology.

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Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) Seeds and Tubers

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2019/3075208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Taofeek T. Adegboyega ◽

Michael T. Abberton ◽

AbdelAziz H. AbdelGadir ◽

Mahamadi Dianda ◽

Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Winged Bean ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽

Bean Flour ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Underutilized Legume

Many people in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from protein malnutrition; this results in negative health and economic impacts. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a tropical underutilized legume with beneficial nutritional characteristics such as high protein content, which may help to alleviate these problems. The proximate composition (fat, moisture content, crude protein, ash, and carbohydrate) and antinutrient (tannin and phytate) level of winged bean seeds and tubers were determined using 50 accessions. In the processed seeds, accession Tpt17 had the highest protein content (40.30%) and Tpt48 the lowest (34.18%). In the unprocessed seeds, Tpt17 also recorded the highest crude protein (31.13%) with Tpt125 having the lowest (28.43%). In the tubers, protein content ranged from 19.07% (Tpt42) to 12.26% (Tpt10). The moisture content in the processed seeds ranged from 8.51% (Tpt42) to 6.72% (Tpt6); in the unprocessed seeds, it was between 8.53% (Tpt53) and 3.76% (Tpt14). In the processed seeds, the values of ash ranged from 4.93% (Tpt126) to 4.45% (Tpt15-4); in the unprocessed seeds, it ranged from 4.98% (Tpt17) to 4.55% (Tpt125). In the processed seeds, the fat content ranged from 18.91% (Tpt51) to 14.09% (Tp43) while in the unprocessed seeds, the values ranged from 19.01% (Tpt15) to 13.87% (Tpt3-B). The crude fiber in the processed samples ranged from 13.82% (Tpt6) to 10.40% (Tpt125) while in the unprocessed seeds, it ranged from 7.29% in Tpt51 to 4.83% in Tpt11. Carbohydrate content in the processed seeds ranged from 26.30% (Tpt3-B) to 20.94% (Tpt125) and 39.76% in Tpt3-B to 34.53% in Tpt18 in the unprocessed seeds. The tannin and phytate contents showed remarkably significant differences. In the tubers harvested, significant variation was observed in the parameters evaluated. Winged bean flour could be formulated into various meals for children and adults to reduce malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Evaluation of Open Pollinated Normal Maize Varieties in the Eastern Mid Hill of Nepal

Nepal Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.3126/narj.v8i0.11566 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

Surya N. Sah ◽

Diwakar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Phenotypic Characters ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Normal Maize ◽

Maize Varieties

Full season maize genotypes were evaluated in on station coordinated varietal experiments during summer season at Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Pakhribas in three consecutive years 2003, 2004 and 2005. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The objective of this study was to identify high yield potential normal maize genotypes suitable for the existing cropping patterns in the eastern mid hill. Genotypes were evaluated in coordinated varietal trials (CVT) in 2003, 2004 and 2005 and in intermediate yield trial (IYT) in 2004. Five common genotypes including local and standard check were evaluated in the CVT 2003 and in the CVT 2004, another five common genotypes tested in the CVT 2004 and in the CVT 2005 and six common genotypes of the IYT 2004 and CVT 2005 were analyzed over year. Genotype P501-SARCO-F1/P502-SARCO-F1 produced significantly higher grain yield followed by DRACOSYN- F1/DRBCOSYN-F1 in the 1st two years and found about one week earlier than Mankamana-3. Across 00502 and Across 9942/Across 9944 were found superior with respect to grain yield and phenotypic characters like husk cover, plant aspect and ear aspect both in CVT 2005 and IYT 2004 across the years and the genotype Across 9942/Across 9944 was found tolerant to turcicum leaf blight (TLB) in 2005.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 18-22DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11566

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Effect of soybean/cassava flour blend on the proximate composition of Ethiopian traditional bread prepared from quality protein maize

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.59.11535 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (59) ◽

pp. 7985-8003

Author(s):

W Mesfin ◽

◽

A Shimelis

Keyword(s):

Proximate Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Quality Protein Maize ◽

Maize Flour ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Cassava Flour ◽

Composite Flours ◽

Normal Maize ◽

Traditional Bread ◽

Maize Bread

The effect of soybean and cassava flour blend on the proximate composition of Ethiopian traditional bread prepared from quality protein maize (QPM) was tested . Normal maize and quality protein maize grains were dried , cleaned and milled using a laboratory -scale mill. Similarly, soybean seeds were roasted, boiled, decorticated, and milled into the required particle size flour sample. Cassava tubers were also peeled, chopped, dried and milled in a similar fashion. Eventually, the soybean and cassava flour samples were blended individually with the quality protein maize flour in three different proportions : 5:95, 10:90 and 15:85, respectively. Normal maize flour was used as a control for the quality protein maize flour . Then bread samples were prepared from the respective composite flours using the sponge and dough method of bread making commonly used in the country . Both the composite flours and t he respective bread samples were then analyzed for their proximate compositions : moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate. The proximate analyses indicated that there is a significant difference ( p ≤ 0.05 ) in proximate composition of the plain quality protein maize bread (QPMB) and the soybean- or cassava -supplemented quality protein maize bread samples (SSBs and CSBs). The ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre contents of the soybean -supplemented breads increased with progressive increase in the proportion of soybean flour addition. In the case of the cassava- supplemented bread samples , the highest proximate composition values were recorded for the 10% substitution. Moreover, highest values of carbohydrate , 39.83% and 44.08% , were obtained for the 10% soybean - supplemented breads and 10% cassava- supplemented bread s, respectively. The use of these locally available and easily produced grains through blending technology of flours can contribute to combat the widespread protein- energy malnutrition (PEM) in Ethiopia. This approach can also serve as an alternative means for having balanced diet especially for the low -income groups of the most food- insecure people in the country .

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PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DAN NAUNGAN TERHADAP KERAGAAN DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KASAR RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.36.1.2016.10583 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Juneidid S. Togelang ◽

D. A. Kaligis ◽

F. Dompas ◽

N. Bawoleh

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Brachiaria Humidicola ◽

Simultaneous Test ◽

Four Levels ◽

Different Levels

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SHADING LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE AND CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT OF Brachiaria humidicola. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different levels of shading and nitrogen on the performance and nitrogen content of B. Humidicola. The treatment were consisted of four levels of nitrogen in from of urea fertilizer: P1 = 0 kg/Ha, P2 = 50 kg/Ha, P3 = 100 kg/Ha, P4 = 150 kg/Ha, and three levels of shading: N1 = 0%, N2 = 40% dan N3 = 70%. Treatmens was arranged in infactorial based on ramdomized block design (RBD). Date was analysis by using Minitab Version 11, and followed with Turkey Simultaneous Test, to determined the different among treatments, from analysis of variance. The result showed the higher number of tiller was found at the interaction of P3N1, P4N1, P2N2 and P3N2, with significantly different compared to the other interactions. Furthermore, analysis of varians showed the interaction of the treatments were effected significantly on the content of crude protein (P < 0,05) where the interaction of N1P4 has the crude protein content 9,74% significantly higher (P < 0,05) compared to other interactions. On the other hand the interaction of the treatments was not effected significantly (P < 0,05) on the leaf: steam ratio. Based on the result of this experiment it can be concluded that B. humidicola responsive to nitrogen farilizer up to 100 kg urea/Ha to provide optimal performance and crude protein content under shade of 40%. Keywords: Nitrogen, Shading Performance, Crude Protein, humidicola.

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Pruning as a strategy to improve the nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402121082020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Duarte FERNANDES ◽

Roberto GUIMARÃES JÚNIOR ◽

Eduardo Alano VIEIRA ◽

Josefino de Freitas FIALHO ◽

Juaci Vitória MALAQUIAS

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Block Design ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Starch Yield

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the influence of pruning on the starch yield and nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones adapted to the Cerrado region of Central Brazil. Four elite clones were submitted to either total shoot pruning or no pruning at 12 months after planting, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were evaluated eighteen months after planting. Clone 330/09 presented the highest root yield with and without pruning, and also higher starch yield, green and dry mass yields, and crude protein yield of aerial parts without pruning. In plants that were pruned, clones 117/09 and 359/09 stood out, with higher yields of the crude protein content of the aerial part and a higher in vitro digestibility of the dry matter. These clones are therefore an option when using the aerial parts of cassava in animal feed. Total pruning at 12 months of age significantly increased the crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the aerial parts, improving its nutritional value. Pruning did, however, reduce the starch yield of the roots and the total yields of the roots and aerial parts.

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PERBANDINGAN JENIS HIJAUAN RAWA PADA PAKAN KOMPLIT GRANUL TERHADAP KANDUNGAN NUTRISI DAN KECERNAANYA

ZIRAA'AH MAJALAH ILMIAH PERTANIAN ◽

10.31602/zmip.v44i1.1725 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Achmad Jaelani ◽

Abd Malik ◽

Gusti Khairun Nimah ◽

Muhammad Syarif Djaya

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Study Data ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Range Test

The study aimed to analyze the type of swamp forage and its combination in granule complete feed products for their nutrient content and digestibility. This study have been done on Juli until September, 2018 in Field Laboratory at Bentok Kampung-Tanah Laut District. Randomized Block Design was used in this research with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Twenty goats aged 1.5-2 years with a weight ranging from 15-19 kg were used in this study. Data were analyzed by Analysis of varian and if there is significant difference then the Duncan Multi Range Test (DMRT) is continued. The results of the study show that swamp forage kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris), and purun tikus (Heleocharis dulcis Burm) significantly different to the crude protein content, crude fiber, crude fat, ADF and NDF fiber fraction. The complete granule feed on the basis of a combination of forage swamps and legumes affects the digestibility of organic matter and crude protein. The low content of tannin in swamp forages has not been able to optimally protect crude protein in complete granule feed.

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