scholarly journals Characterization of Clay from Isan Ekiti Deposits for Making the Ceramic Water Purifier

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
I. J. Akinruli ◽  
F. T. Akinruli
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Spherical Diameter ◽  
Filter Cell

Introduction: Despite the efforts of Governments and non-governmental organizations in sponsoring ceramic water purifier (CWP) filter project across the globe, some rural communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria are yet to benefit from it. One of the major technical difficulties hindering the making of CWP filter cells in many places was the adaptation to the sand, clay and sawdust mixture necessary to obtain the correct filter properties. Aim: In this study, some salient properties of clay from orudi, arade and oturo deposits at Isan Ekiti were assessed in the light of their usefulness for making the ceramic water filter cells. Methodology: The particle size distribution analysis and consistency tests were carried out on the crude clay. Also the shrinkage, effects of percentage constituents of burnout on porosity, filtration rate and quality of filtrate were measured, using standard methods. Results: Results show that arade has the appropriate technical properties for making the filter cell. The chosen clay sample has its deposit less than 2 kilometers to the point of making. About 56% of its particles are less than 0.075mm equivalent spherical diameter (ESD). A composition of ratio 50:50 by volume mixture of clay to sawdust has the   porosity of 54. 55% while that of ratio 40:60 is 55.56%. Samples made of these batches were capable of reducing the water turbidity Neflometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) of contaminated water by 95%.  The 50:50 samples have the higher capacity of reducing total coliform count by 50.28% as against 25.07% for 40:60 samples. Conclusion: Given appropriate facilities and training, with the abundant clay at arade deposit, the pottery center is a place where CWP filter cell factory could be established.

Governance challenges for commercial exploitation of a non-timber forest product by marginalized rural communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAINE A. BALL ◽  
PEDRO H.S. BRANCALION
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Conservation Governance ◽  
Conservation And Development Projects

SUMMARYWhile conservation and development projects focusing on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) remain popular approaches to address complex issues of livelihood improvement and conservation, governance of NTFPs is still poorly understood. In the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot of Brazil, non-governmental organizations, researchers and community leaders are encouraging the commercialization of fruit pulp-based products from the endangered palm Euterpe edulis, known as juçara, to replace income from illegal heart of palm extraction. In order to assess the governance of development of juçara pulp as an NTFP and the potential to increase conservation of juçara through management on smallholder properties, we conducted qualitative research in São Paulo State from October 2012 to October 2013. Major challenges include policy barriers, difficulties integrating production and commercialization, problematic assumptions about poverty alleviation and the inability of the most disadvantaged members of communities to benefit. These governance challenges are a function of poor access, or the ‘bundle of powers’ that enables the ability to benefit. However, engagement with juçara fruit pulp production links farmers and former poachers with sustainable agricultural concepts and with networks, changing their perceptions of conservation and enhancing ability to benefit from improved policy.

Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Communities

2013 ◽  
pp. 253-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Platonova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Actors

Worldwide, over 1.3 billion people lack access to energy. Lack of electricity undermines the provision of basic social services, including education and health, and impedes development of income generating opportunities. Renewable energy technologies provide a viable option to rural electrification and are increasingly recognized for their contribution to rural development, energy security, and climate change mitigation. International non-governmental organizations (NGOs), working in partnerships with local actors, play an important role in the diffusion of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Based on the exploratory case study of the international NGO Practical Action, this chapter explores the nature and effectiveness of development partnerships for the provision of sustainable energy services in remote off-grid rural communities in Cajamarca, Peru. It emphasizes the importance of building effective partnerships with communities and local government; facilitating community participation and ownership; building capacities for sustainable provision of energy services; and providing affordable and appropriate technological solutions that meet people’s needs.

scholarly journals Community-Level Resource Development and Management, Part 2: A Transferable Approach to Feasibility Analysis for Biogas as an Alternative Cooking Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan McWalter Richardson ◽  
Kendra V. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Development And Management

Energy access for all is the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) put forth by the United Nations in 2015. This initiative has been taken on by many non-governmental organizations (NGOs), national governments and communities alike. Traditional approaches to cooking often rely on three-stone fires (or other open wood fires). The smoke from these open cooking fires is known to cause significant negative health impacts, thus access to cleaner energy sources is especially important for to improve cooking conditions. One alternative cooking fuel is biogas, which has the advantages of smoke reduction, and decreased reliance on and impact of firewood collection. In this article, we develop a method of analyzing the feasibility of biogas projects for rural communities. The method enables both evaluation of an ideal digester design for specific environments and determination of the scale, cost, and yields of a biogas plant. For example, in a cooking application 1-m3 of biogas can be compared to 1.3 kg of firewood or approximately 10 minutes not spent collecting firewood. Such evaluation is critical to help communities and organizations determine whether or not this type of project is ideal for their environments. All too often, development project concepts are funded prematurely, before the realization that the implemented technology does not function properly or is unsustainable for specific applications. The feasibility analysis we describe is a contribution to the literature because it provides a condensed, simplified resource that enables development practitioners and communities to readily evaluate whether or not a biogas energy solution is appropriate and sustainable for their setting prior to investing valuable resources and time into implementation. 

scholarly journals Considering Social Aspects of Geothermal Project: The Case of Social Mapping of Geothermal Project on Mount Ungaran

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 10009
Author(s):  
Budi Setiyono ◽  
Agus Setyawan ◽  
Jamari ◽  
Heru Susanto ◽  
Eko Punto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Mapping ◽  
Village Government

The development of renewable energy is an important step to reduce dependence on fossil energy. Geothermal energy is one source of renewable energy in Indonesia. However, when a geothermal project is not managed properly, the social political and cultural conditions of the community can be a failure factor in geothermal development. Through mix methods, this research undertakes social mapping in the project of Mount Ungaran as one of the geothermal development sites. Socially the people in the project area typically are rural communities where the role of informal leaders is very influential. There are a number of communities and non-governmental organizations that disagree with the development plan due to environmental, cultural and economic damage concerns. Yet, political support was obtained from the regional government and village government.

Media Lab Asia: Renovating Business Model for Underserved

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 453-474
Author(s):  
Subhash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Business Model ◽  
External Support ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Healthcare Empowerment ◽  
Media Lab ◽  
The Impact

Media Lab Asia (MLA) has been incepted in 2001 with the collaboration of MIT Media Lab and Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DEITY), Government of India. It is working on the paradigm of collaborative research from the lab to land in developing and operationalizing technologies to bridge the gap through educating, equipping and empowering common man. MLA is working in four sectors: livelihood, healthcare, empowerment of the disabled and education. MLA is successful in collaborating with Research & Development (R&D) organizations, institutions in Government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), academia and industry. A long list of collaborators of MLA includes 59 partner agencies. MLA role, however, had confined to provide funding to the partner agencies. The collaborative organization develops product, tests and launches the projects. The reach of the project touches major states in India. eGalla, Chic, mDhanwanthari, and Sehat-Saathi are some of the projects developed by MLA and collaborators. eGalla is a retail management software, and Chic is developed to simplify the traditional craft for livelihood generation. mDhanwanthari and Sehat-Saathi are based on healthcare to rural communities. MLA has developed 75 projects since its inception. The projects have reached the beneficiary but lack in scale and commercialization. The parameter of success for MLA includes the potential for commercialization of the products or projects and self-sustaining mechanism of the impact of these products and projects. There are not many obligations for commercial success being a Section 25 company; however, a self-sustaining mechanism was critical. DEITY, the parent organization, has sought external support to develop a new business model to overcome the limitation.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION, FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT IMPACTS IN THE SUDANO-SAHELIAN CLIMATE OF GOURMA PROVINCE IN BURKINA FASO

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Julius Okoth Omondi ◽  
Isaac Chitedze ◽  
Judith Kumatso
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

Natural hazards such as agricultural droughts impact negatively on crop yields and economic activities. Characterization of agricultural droughts provides precise and accurate information for decision making processes during agricultural drought events. Planning and responding to the hazards by government, and non-governmental organizations in the Sudano-Sahelian belt has been limited in the past due to knowledge gap on the nature and impact of the hazard. This study seeks to characterize historical agricultural droughts, assess their impact on crop yields and people’s susceptibility to undernourishment and through forecasting, unravel what the future holds. Annual effective reconnaissance drought index values are computed using mean monthly potential evapotranspiration and effective precipitation data. To assess the impact of agricultural drought, the index’s values are compared to crop yields and prevalence to undernourishment data. Results show that agricultural drought events of 1983 and 2008 are mild and ephemeral while the 1999 – 2006 event is severe and protracted. While there is 26% chance of materialization of an agricultural drought in Gourma, the chance of being ephemeral and of moderate category is the highest (8%). It has been determined that an ephemeral and moderate agricultural drought would trigger below average yields for maize, sorghum and millet. Mild, moderate and severe events increase prevalence to undernourishment by 2.9 %, 4.3 % and 5.8 % respectively. From 2020 to 2030, a continued materialization of agricultural droughts is expected

scholarly journals DAKWAH PEMBANGUNAN SEBAGAI SEBUAH MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Muhammad Samson Fajar ◽  
Muhammad Nur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social System ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social

Development da'wah is a religious activity that encourages improvement and changes in the social system of the community so that the community is able to take the initiative and take initiative on the existing environmental potential, which in turn can improve the welfare of life. In achieving this welfare, da'wah can use two development models, namely, value oriented development and people centered development.Da'wah institutions apply the two models above by establishing partners with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government agencies as needed. Then, the development programs must be implemented in an integral manner, and must involve the participation of rural communities and jama'ah because the essence of this development da'wah is the community (jama'ah) as actors to empower themselves.

The Role of Community Development in Slum Electrification Efforts in Ashaiman, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Jamal Appiah-Kubi ◽  
Emmanuel Owusu Amoako
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Informal Communities

Upon its introduction into slums in Ghana as a result of its contribution to development in rural communities, community development has been adopted to provide some basic amenities such as houses and toilet facilities in such informal communities. With limited access to electricity being a major problem in Ashaiman slums, various stakeholders such as the Electricity Company of Ghana and non-governmental organizations have employed community development mechanisms to assist the inhabitants in electrification projects in Ashaiman slums. This qualitative study was conducted to investigate how community development has fared in the electrification efforts, focusing on the contributions it has made and the challenges encountered. The practice has improved the dialogue and relationship between the communities and officials of the Electricity Company of Ghana and led to the electrification of some neighbourhoods. However, slum electrification efforts have been impeded by tribal differences among the inhabitants due to the high ethnic diversity, and lack of resources. It is therefore important that leaders of the tribes work towards uniting their subjects for their participation in electrification efforts.

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