scholarly journals Environmental Control of Plant Primary Metabolism: Exploitation of Plant Plasticity in Perennial and Tree Crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Sumanta Bhattacharya ◽  
Swrupananda Mukherjee ◽  
Rituparna Mazumder ◽  
Sparsha Moni Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Perennial and tree crops are interwoven with environmental challenges in multiple ways, as anthropogenic global changes are a fundamental component in a variety of pressures that have negative consequences for farming. Climate controls have a wide range of detrimental effects on the land and crops. Rainfall, temperature, heat waves, pests or bacteria, CO2 or ozone levels, and marine flows are a few examples of environmental controls life. These alterations have a negative influence on the metabolisms of primary and secondary in plants, but they make use of the adaptability of plants also, which is referred to as plasticity. Biological and metabolic characteristics, as well as plant genome mutations for greater adaptability, play an important impact on growth patterns. Pathogens and herbivores, for example, are important climatic regulators that induce unique plasticity within the plant system. The incredible adaptability is that the plants thrive under extreme conditions. Furthermore, more research and investigations are needed to determine how and to what extent plasticity can aid endurance. Because of the influence of various other factors, the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. They sense the stressor in the environment, become engaged, and then trigger the appropriate physiological responses. According to the GDB theory, the metabolic exchange is responsible for plant elasticity including the processes of growth and differentiation. The genetic trade-off in plant life development is caused by the biological impact on growth and genetic alterations, as well as herbivory and plant-plant competition. In a traditional growth rate model, researchers separate the biological and evolutionary components to characterize the impact of competition in the development of this flexibility. Plant breeding is unquestionably important in the application of plasticity to stressful controls. In the current circumstances, larger yields under harsh environmental conditions are required to meet food demand.

scholarly journals Lack of application of the European Work Time Directive: effects on workload, work satisfaction and burnout among Italian physicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Paola Gnerre ◽  
Domenico Montemurro ◽  
Andrea P. Rossi ◽  
Costantino Troise ◽  
Carlo Palermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The Italian Parliament has excluded hospital physicians from the application of the European Work Time Directive (EWTD), which imposes a maximum workweek of 48 h and compulsory resting periods. This resulted in extended and excessive work time for the category. This paper is aimed at evaluating the impact of this legislation gap, by assessing the presence of excessive work-related stress and risk for burnout syndrome among Italian physicians working in public hospitals. This observational study is based on an on-line survey conducted on a sample of 1925 Italian doctors (covering a wide range of age, work experience and contractual positions) from October 2014 to February 2015. The questionnaire included 30 questions concerning their personal and professional life (<em>e.g</em>., assessment of workloads, number of uncomfortable or extra shifts, unused days-off, <em>etc</em>.). On the basis of the results, it can be inferred that the average Italian doctor working in public hospitals is under considerable stress at work with negative consequences on his health. He is exposed to high risk of suffering from sleep disorders and cardiovascular diseases (due to the lack of time for private practice and eating regular meals). Overall, his perception is that his job worsens his quality of life. This study shows the relevance of the risk of burnout among Italian physicians employed in public hospitals due to severe workload and work conditions. The resulting impact on the quality of care and the significant cost involved - both in human and economic terms - calls for significant emergency measures by the Italian health work organization. An important increase and prolonged working time is associated with a worsening of the objective cognitive performance and an increase of clinical risk, but also to an increased risk of diseases for operators and of the burnout syndrome. Our survey shows that lack of application of the EWTD has adverse effects on the quality of life and performance of Italian doctors. Failure to respond by all Italian doctors is the greatest limitation of our survey.

scholarly journals Impact of Housing Environment on the Immune System in Chickens: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hofmann ◽  
Sonja S. Schmucker ◽  
Werner Bessei ◽  
Michael Grashorn ◽  
Volker Stefanski
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

During their lifespan, chickens are confronted with a wide range of acute and chronic stressors in their housing environment that may threaten their welfare and health by modulating the immune system. Especially chronic stressful conditions can exceed the individual’s allostatic load, with negative consequences for immunity. A fully functional immune system is mandatory for health and welfare and, consequently, also for high productivity and safe animal products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of housing form, light regime as well as aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations on the immune system in chickens. Certain housing conditions are clearly associated with immunological alterations which potentially impair the success of vaccinations or affect disease susceptibility. Such poor conditions counteract sustainable poultry production. This review also outlines current knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals “You can be blind because of loving them so much”: The impact on owners in the United Kingdom of living with a dog with osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Belshaw ◽  
Lucy Asher ◽  
Rachel Dean
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background There is a growing awareness that caring for a chronically ill pet may have a detrimental impact on their owner’s quality of life. Companion animal orthopaedic disease has received little research interest in this context. Canine osteoarthritis is known to negatively affect the welfare of many dogs in the United Kingdom, but its consequences for their owners has not previously been described. The aim of this study was to use a qualitative methodology to explore the impacts on a dog owner that occur following their dog’s diagnosis with osteoarthritis. Owners of osteoarthritic dogs based in the United Kingdom (UK) were recruited through veterinary practices to participate in semi-structured interview about life with their dog. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was used to construct key themes. This publication describes the theme that focused on the impact(s) that the dog’s condition had had on the life of their owner.Results Forty owners of 35 dogs of a range of breeds and ages were interviewed. A wide range of negative impacts on the physical, mental and financial health of owners were described. Owners detailed increasing worry over time about their pet’s condition, frequently combined with a growing need to physically assist their dog, as osteoarthritis severity increased. Their dog’s reduced mobility and need for medications progressively limited their own lifestyles and ability to have time away from their pet. Owners typically described a strong bond with their dog as a motivator to provide ongoing care.Conclusions The impacts on owners of caring for an osteoarthritic dog appear multi-faceted and may be sustained over multiple years. Veterinary surgeons may be unaware of the challenges faced these owners. The negative consequences for owners of arthritic dogs may be buffered by access to quality information about their pet’s condition, and improved support from both veterinary surgeons and other owners, enabling them to provide the best possible care.

scholarly journals Holistic view on corporate bankruptcy causes: systematization of causes and requirements to building bankruptcy prediction models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Tomas Kliestik
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the research of bbusinesses’ life cycle as complex organisms that do not exist in isolation, but in mutual interaction with other subjects operating in the national economy, other businesses, non-financial or financial corporations, government agencies or customers and households. The essence of the crisis as the motive force of any market economy is revealed. The causes of bankruptcy of enterprises are considered. It has been stated that bankruptcy of the enterprise can result in a chain reaction with negative consequences for all economic entities. Every economy in the world (not only market economy) is confronted with failures or bankruptcy of business entities. There exist a variety of forms, manifestations and consequences of business failures. There has been substantiated the importance of the research, the essentiality of a detailed analysis of methods of bankruptcy prediction models, i.e. determining probable development of the corporate principles in the coming years. In the centrally planned economies, the state is responsible for all the consequences; in the market economy they directly affect all entities interrelated with the enterprise. Each group involved applies a wide range of tools, algorithms and methods, but their aim is identical: to predict the future development of the corporate financial health. There appear questions about termination of activity of a particular enterprise due to its future bankruptcy, shutting down because of bad decisions, or the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors. Development of the algorithms and methods is not possible without a detailed, almost holistic knowledge of the causes of corporate bankruptcies. A methodological toolkit based on numerous studies of specialists has been developed for building bankruptcy models.

scholarly journals A Review of Changes in Mountain Land Use and Ecosystem Services: From Theory to Practice

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Ileana Pătru-Stupariu ◽  
Constantina Alina Hossu ◽  
Simona Raluca Grădinaru ◽  
Andreea Nita ◽  
Mihai-Sorin Stupariu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Global changes impact the human-environment relationship, and, in particular, they affect the provision of ecosystem services. Mountain ecosystems provide a wide range of such services, but they are highly sensitive and vulnerable to change due to various human pressures and natural processes. We conducted a literature survey that focused on two main issues. The first was the identification of quantitative methods aimed at assessing the impact of land use changes in mountain regions and the related ecosystem services. The second was the analysis of the extent to which the outcomes of these assessments are useful and transferable to stakeholders. We selected papers through a keyword-driven search of the ISI Web of Knowledge and other international databases. The keywords used for the search were mountain land use change and ecosystem service. Quantitative approaches to ecosystem service assessment rely on suitable indicators, therefore land use/land cover can be used as an appropriate proxy. Landscape metrics are a powerful analytical tool; their use can increase the accuracy of assessments and facilitate the mitigation of specific phenomena, such as fragmentation or the reduction of core habitat areas. Mapping is essential: it is the basis for spatial analyzes and eases the interactions between stakeholders. Land use/land cover change is a temporal process, so both past and future approaches are meaningful. It is necessary to enhance information transfer from theory to practice. Increasing stakeholder awareness can lead to suitable management solutions, and, reciprocally, stakeholder feedback can help improve current assessment methodologies and contribute to developing new tools that are suitable for specific problems.

scholarly journals Eciton Army Ants—Umbrella Species for Conservation in Neotropical Forests

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Sílvia Pérez-Espona
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Army Ants ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Umbrella Species ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Army Ant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Identification of priority areas for conservation is crucial for the maintenance and protection of biodiversity, particularly in tropical forests where biodiversity continues to be lost at alarming rates. Surveys and research on umbrella species can provide efficient and effective approaches to identify potential areas for conservation at small geographical scales. Army ants of the genus Eciton are keystone species in neotropical forests due to their major role as top predators and due to the numerous vertebrate- and invertebrate associated species that depend upon their colonies for survival. These associates range from the iconic army ant-following birds to a wide range of arthropod groups, some of which have evolved intricate morphological, behavioural and/or chemical strategies to conceal their presence and integrate into the colony life. Furthermore, Eciton colonies require large forested areas that support a diverse leaf litter prey community and several field-based and genetic studies have demonstrated the negative consequences of forest fragmentation for the long-term maintenance of these colonies. Therefore, Eciton species will not only act as umbrella for their associates but also for many other species in neotropical forests, in particular for those that require a large extent of forest. This review summarises past and recent accounts of the main taxonomic groups found associated with Eciton colonies, as well research assessing the impact of forest fragmentation on this army ant, to encourage the adoption of Eciton army ants as umbrella species for the identification of priority areas for conservation and assessments of the effect of disturbance in neotropical forests.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ANTI-ICING MATERIALS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE WATER DISPOSAL CENTRALIZED SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362
Author(s):  
Lyudmila P. Voronina ◽  
K. E. Kesler ◽  
L. A. Balagur ◽  
L. G. Donerian ◽  
O. V. Ushakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Snow Mass

Introduction. The use of anti-icing materials (AIM) in winter, along with useful functions, is accompanied by negative consequences of their impact on environmental objects (EO) and indirectly on human health. At present, the toxic properties of many anti-icing agents (AIM) included in AIMs have been studied, and a number of positions of their impact on environmental protection are monitored. The main utilization of the snow mass is carried out through stationary snow-alloy points (SAP). This event is associated with a high load on environmental protection, especially on water bodies, and requires information on toxicity, intake dynamics, composition of pollutants, including those included in the AIM. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of AIM in the nature of water pollution in SAP treatment systems and the degree of possible contamination of open water bodies, in particular, rivers. Material and methods. The samples of the snow collected from the territory of the city of Moscow for further melting were delivered to the stationary snow-alloy points of the State Unitary Enterprise “Mosvodostok”; water samples from the tanks where the treatment takes place; and wastewater samples were taken before discharge into the river. Chemical analytical methods and a wide range of bio testing methods were used. Results. Through the snow-alloy points as part of the snow mass, the anti-icing materials fall into the reservoirs and rivers of the city of Moscow. This is accompanied by an increase in the number of related elements (Zn>1.0 mg/l, etc.) and easily soluble salts (the mineralization reaches 4830 mg /l). In the waters of rivers, electrical mineralization in some cases reaches the maximum permissible value (1000 mg/l) or slightly exceeds this value (1125 mg/l). An excess is established for a number of elements, both the main components of the AIM and the associated components (Zn, Fe, Al, etc.). Methods of biological control with the involvement of biotests in some cases confirm the presence of a negative effect.

scholarly journals Characteristics of genetically diverse Antarctic sea ice bacteriophages allow adaptation to changing environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Demina ◽  
Anne-Mari Luhtanen ◽  
Simon Roux ◽  
Hanna Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Despite generally appreciated significant roles of microbes in sea ice and polar waters, detailed studies of virus-host systems from such environments have been so far limited by only a few isolates. Here, we investigated infectivity under changing conditions, infection cycles, and genetic diversity of four bacteriophages isolated from Antarctic sea ice: PANV1, PANV2, OANV1, and OANV2, infecting common sea ice bacterial species Paraglaciecola or Octadecabacter. Although the phages are marine and cold-active, replicating at 0-5 C, they all survived temporal incubations at 30 C or above and remained infectious without any salts or supplemented only with magnesium, suggesting a robust virion assembly maintaining integrity under a wide range of conditions. Host recognition in the cold proved to be effective, and the release of progeny viruses occurred as a result of cell lysis or host growth retardation. The analysis of viral genomes showed that nearly half of the gene products of each virus are unique, highlighting that sea ice harbors unexplored virus diversity. Based on predicted genes typical for tailed dsDNA phages, we suggest placing the four studied viruses in the class Caudoviricetes. Searching against viral sequences from metagenomic assemblies revealed that related viruses are not restricted to Antarctica, but also found in distant marine environments, indicating possible virus movement between biotopes. Importance. Very little is known about sea ice microbes despite the significant role of sea ice in the global oceans as well as microbial input into biogeochemical cycling. The impact of possible climatic changes on Antarctic sea ice microbial communities is also poorly understood. Studies on the sea ice viruses have been typically limited to -omics-based approaches and microscopic examinations of sea ice samples. Up to date, only four cultivable viruses have been isolated from Antarctic sea ice. Our study of these unique isolates advances the understanding of the diversity of viruses in sea ice environments, their interactions with host microbes, adaptation potential in the realm of global climate change, and possible links to other biomes. Such information contributes to more accurate future predictions on microbial feedback loops as the response to global changes.

scholarly journals Impact of isolation on hospitalised patients who are infectious: systematic review with meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e030371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Purssell ◽  
Dinah Gould ◽  
Jane Chudleigh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature exploring the impact of isolation on hospitalised patients who are infectious: psychological and non-psychological outcomes.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesEmbase, Medline and PsycINFO were searched from inception until December 2018. Reference lists and Google Scholar were also handsearched.ResultsTwenty-six papers published from database inception to December 2018 were reviewed. A wide range of psychological and non-psychological outcomes were reported. There was a marked trend for isolated patients to exhibit higher levels of depression, the pooled standardised mean difference being 1.28 (95% CI 0.47 to 2.09) and anxiety 1.45 (95% CI 0.56 to 2.34), although both had high levels of heterogeneity, and worse outcomes for a range of care-related factors but with significant variation.ConclusionThe review indicates that isolation to contain the risk of infection has negative consequences for segregated patients. Although strength of the evidence is weak, comprising primarily single-centre convenience samples, consistency of the effects may strengthen this conclusion. More research needs to be undertaken to examine this relationship and develop and test interventions to reduce the negative effects of isolation.

Molecular genetic markers for thyroid FNAB

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Musholt ◽  
T. J. Musholt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Molecular Genetic Markers ◽  
The Impact

SummaryAim: Thyroid nodules > 1 cm are observed in about 12% of unselected adult employees aged 18–65 years screened by ultrasound scan (40). While intensive ultrasound screening leads to early detection of thyroid diseases, the determination of benign or malignant behaviour remains uncertain and may trigger anxieties in many patients and their physicians. A considerable number of thyroid resections are consecutively performed due to suspicion of malignancy in the detected nodes. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been recommended for the assessment of thyroid nodules to facilitate detection of thyroid carcinomas but also to rule out malignancy and thereby avoid unnecessary thyroid resections. However, cytology results are dependent on experience of the respective cytologist and unfortunately inconclusive in many cases. Methods: Molecular genetic markers are already used nowadays to enhance sensitivity and specificity of FNAB cytology in some centers in Germany. The most clinically relevant molecular genetic markers as pre-operative diagnostic tools and the clinical implications for the intraoperative and postoperative management were reviewed. Results: Molecular genetic markers predominantly focus on the preoperative detection of thyroid malignancies rather than the exclusion of thyroid carcinomas. While some centers routinely assess FNABs, other centers concentrate on FNABs with cytology results of follicular neoplasia or suspicion of thyroid carcinoma. Predominantly mutations of BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and PAX8/PPARγ or expression of miRNAs are analyzed. However, only the detection of BRAF mutations predicts the presence of (papillary) thyroid malignancy with almost 98% probability, indicating necessity of oncologic thyroid resections irrespective of the cytology result. Other genetic alterations are associated with thyroid malignancy with varying frequency and achieve less impact on the clinical management. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis of FNABs is increasingly performed in Germany. Standardization, quality controls, and validation of various methods need to be implemented in the near future to be able to compare the results. With increasing knowledge about the impact of genetic alterations on the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, recommendations have to be defined that may lead to individually optimized treatment strategies.

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