scholarly journals An Overview of Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Network Using an Instantly Decodeable Network Coding

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kadiri Kamoru Oluwatoyin ◽  
Kehinde Olalekan Samson
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Packet Recovery ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Alternate Routes

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are networks of small, cheap, independent battery-powered sensor nodes, finds applications in agriculture, health care, intrusion detection, asset tracking, habitat monitoring and in many other fields. It is sometimes necessary to disseminate data via wireless links after the deployment of sensors so as achieve the objectives of sensors configurations parameters adjustment or distribution of commands management and queries to sensors. The present study considered how Shortest Path Minded Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN)-Recursive (SPMS-Rec), reduces the energy dissipated in the event of failures by requiring intermediate relay nodes to try alternate routes, is suitable for data dissemination. Despite to the power constraints and memory limitations of sensory nodes, ‘Instantly Decodable Network coding’ (IDNC) was considered because of its practicality, relevance and numerous desirable properties such as instant packet recovery, simple XOR-based packet encoding and decoding, and zero buffer memory to store un-decoded packets. The paper concludes with reference and suggestions of possible future research areas.

Data Recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks using Network Coding

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Shahidan ◽  
N. Fisal ◽  
Nor-Syahidatul N. Ismail ◽  
Farizah Yunus ◽  
Sharifah H. S. Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Data Recovery ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Packet Recovery ◽  
Xor Operation

Data transportation over resources constraint and noisy channel of wireless sensor network (WSN) is very challenging in term of guaranteeing the data survival along the transmission. However, with the convergence of different research areas such as routing, source and channel coding techniques, the WSN technology has successfully been tremendously developed. This paper proposes an on-the-fly data recovery (ODR) scheme using network coding in order to enhance the robustness of the network against packet loss. Along with the ODR scheme, the packet loss formulation is presented while a network model for a network coding designed is also introduced namely for erasure channel. The data generated by the sources are transferred to the destination through relay nodes via three transmission paths. In ODR process, the lost packet is recovered by a relay node by listening to the transmission of two adjacent nodes and performing the XOR operation on the listened packets. We provide the analytical study on network coding performance and conducting the simulation experiment to verify it. In the simulation studies, we have also compared the performance of the network using network coding with and without packet recovery. The result shows that the number of packet loss has been reduced significantly using the proposed scheme compared to the network with normal network coding.  

scholarly journals RELAY DEPLOYMENT ALGORITHMS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Lanny Sitanayah
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Alternate Routes ◽  
Relay Deployment

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subject to failures. Even though reliable routing protocols for WSNs exist and are well-understood, the physical network topology must ensure that alternate routes with an acceptable length to the sinksare in fact available when failures occur. This requires a sensor network deployment to be planned with an objective of ensuring some measure of robustness in the topology, so that when failures do occur the protocols can continue to offer reliable delivery. To ensure that sensor nodes have sufficient paths, it may be necessary to add a number of additional relay nodes, which do not sense, but only forward data from other nodes. In this paper, we review a range of existing algorithms to deploy relay nodes for fault tolerance. We classify the state-of-the-art relay placement algorithms based on routing structures, connectivity requirements, deployment locations, and fault-tolerant requirements.

CodeDrip: Improving data dissemination for wireless sensor networks with network coding

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildo dos Santos Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Rodrigo C. Tavares ◽  
Marcos A.M. Vieira ◽  
Luiz F.M. Vieira ◽  
Omprakash Gnawali
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Wireless Sensor

scholarly journals Magnetic Induction Technology-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Underground Infrastructure, Monitoring Soil Conditions, and Environmental Observation Applications: Challenges and Future Aspects

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Pratap Singh ◽  
Rishi Pal Singh ◽  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan ◽  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Infrastructure Monitoring ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Underground Infrastructure ◽  
Type Water

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) especially with sensor nodes communicating with each other in medium other than air have been naive area of research since the last few years. In comparison to underwater communication, wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) are now being used in a large number of applications ranging from environmental observation, estimating chances of earthquake, communicating in underground tunnels or mines, and infrastructure monitoring to soil monitoring for agricultural purposes. In spite of all such promising applications, due to harsh and dynamically changing soil characteristics including soil type, water content in soil, and soil temperature, underground communication with conventional electromagnetic (EM) wave-based technology could not prove to be feasible for long-distance communication. Alternatively, due to magnetic permeability of soil being similar to air, magnetic induction- (MI-) based approach was adopted using magnetic coils as antenna for sensor nodes. Subsequently, MI waveguide and 3D coil mechanisms were considered to improve the system efficiency. Attributing to different characteristics of underlying transmission channels, communication protocols as well as architecture of MI-based WUSNS (MI-WUSNs) have been developed with different approaches. In this review paper, in addition to the latest advancements made for MI-WUSNs, closely associated areas of MI-WUSNs have also been explored. Additionally, research areas which are still open to be worked upon have been detailed out.

scholarly journals A novel air quality monitoring and improvement system based on wireless sensor and actuator networks using LoRa communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e711
Author(s):  
Truong Van Truong ◽  
Anand Nayyar ◽  
Mehedi Masud
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
System Information ◽  
Online Software

In this paper, we study the air quality monitoring and improvement system based on wireless sensor and actuator network using LoRa communication. The proposed system is divided into two parts, indoor cluster and outdoor cluster, managed by a Dragino LoRa gateway. Each indoor sensor node can receive information about the temperature, humidity, air quality, dust concentration in the air and transmit them to the gateway. The outdoor sensor nodes have the same functionality, add the ability to use solar power, and are waterproof. The full-duplex relay LoRa modules which are embedded FreeRTOS are arranged to forward information from the nodes they manage to the gateway via uplink LoRa. The gateway collects and processes all of the system information and makes decisions to control the actuator to improve the air quality through the downlink LoRa. We build data management and analysis online software based on The Things Network and TagoIO platform. The system can operate with a coverage of 8.5 km, where optimal distances are established between sensor nodes and relay nodes and between relay nodes and gateways at 4.5 km and 4 km, respectively. Experimental results observed that the packet loss rate in real-time is less than 0.1% prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.

scholarly journals An Improved Flooding Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Network-Coding

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Churan Tang ◽  
Linghua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Network Utilization ◽  
Save Energy

A central question in wireless sensor network research is how to reduce the consumption of the energy of the sensor nodes. Theoretically, the network coding technology proposed by Ahlswede et al (2000) can improve the network reliability and network throughput, increase the robustness and save energy. Based on the classic flooding routing protocol, the present study proposes a new flooding control protocol, i.e. NC-Flooding for wireless sensor networks. NC-Flooding protocol introduces five mechanisms to enhance the efficiency of wireless sensor networks. As shown by MATLAB simulation results, NC-Flooding protocol reduces the number of broadcasts of wireless sensor networks, increases the throughput of the network and increases the bandwidth utilization. We conclude that NC-Flooding protocol reduces data forwarding cost and node energy consumption and extends nodes’ life cycle, thus increasing network utilization.

Novel Energy Aware Algorithm to Design Multilayer Architecture for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 79-114
Author(s):  
Naveen Chilamkurti ◽  
Sohail Jabbar ◽  
Abid Ali Minhas
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Unbalanced Load

Network layer functionalists are of core importance in the communication process and so the routing with energy aware trait is indispensable for improved network performance and increased network lifetime. Designing of protocol at this under discussion layer must consider the aforementioned factors especially for energy aware routing process. In wireless sensor networks there may be hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes communicating with each other and with the base station, which consumes more energy in exchanging data and information with the additive issues of unbalanced load and intolerable faults. Two main types of network architectures for sensed data dissemination from source to destination exist in the literature; Flat network architecture, clustered network architecture. In flat architecture based networks, uniformity can be seen since all the network nodes work in a same mode and generally do not have any distinguished role.

Novel Energy Aware Algorithm to Design Multilayer Architecture for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-399
Author(s):  
Naveen Chilamkurti ◽  
Sohail Jabbar ◽  
Abid Ali Minhas
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Unbalanced Load

Network layer functionalists are of core importance in the communication process and so the routing with energy aware trait is indispensable for improved network performance and increased network lifetime. Designing of protocol at this under discussion layer must consider the aforementioned factors especially for energy aware routing process. In wireless sensor networks there may be hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes communicating with each other and with the base station, which consumes more energy in exchanging data and information with the additive issues of unbalanced load and intolerable faults. Two main types of network architectures for sensed data dissemination from source to destination exist in the literature; Flat network architecture, clustered network architecture. In flat architecture based networks, uniformity can be seen since all the network nodes work in a same mode and generally do not have any distinguished role.

CONSTRAINED RELAY NODE DEPLOYMENT FOR UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250010 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEYING LI ◽  
ZHENG LI ◽  
WENKAI MA ◽  
WENPING CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Node Deployment ◽  
Algorithm Framework

An underwater acoustic wireless sensor network (UA-WSN) consists of many resource-constrained underwater sensor nodes (USNs), which are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given region. One way to preserve network connectivity while guaranteeing other network QoS is to deploy some relay nodes (RNs) in the networks. Although RNs' function is more powerful than USNs, but they can lead to more interference and their cost is more expensive. This paper addresses constrained low-interference relay node deployment problem for 3-D UA-WSNs in which the RNs are placed at a subset of candidate locations to ensure connectivity between the USNs such that the number of RNs deployed and the value of total incremental interference are minimized. We first prove that it is NP-hard, then propose a general approximation algorithm framework. Based on the framework, we get two polynomial time O(1)-approximation algorithms.

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