scholarly journals Efficacy of Microwave Heating Parameters on Physical Properties of Extracted Oil from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Sachin . ◽  
Vijay Kumar Singh ◽  
M. K. Garg ◽  
Amarjit Kalra ◽  
Sushant Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Oil Yield

In the study, essential oil extraction from turmeric was carried out using modified microwave distillation system and rotary evaporator unit. In present study, effect of input parameters i.e. microwave power (200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 W) and extraction time (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min.) on physical properties (oil yield, specific gravity, refractive index and colour) of essential oil were studied. Fixed ratio samples (1:1:1) i.e. turmeric powder, solvent and distilled water was used during the experiment conducted. Essential oil yield using hexane varied from 1.895% to 4.973% while from 0.180% to 1.226% using petroleum ether solvents. Quality parameters varied i.e. specific gravity from 0.910 to 0.923, refractive index from1.478 to 1.506, colour values for oil ranges L* from 70.60 to 98.60, a* from –25.60 to 15.1 and b* from 82.1 to 88.5. Optimum values of process parameters for maximum oil recovery (4.973%) and best quality of oil (specific gravity: 0.915; refractive index: 1.485) was found at microwave power 300 W and extraction time 20 min.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Method and Storage Days on Essential Oil Yield and Quality of Rue (Ruta Chalepensis) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Abdela Befa
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
And Storage

The genus Rue (Ruta chalepensis) is an aromatic medicinal plant used in the folk as an herbal remedy medicine for the treatment of a variety of disorders in Ethiopia. Information about the effects of drying methods and storage days on essential oil physical properties is limited. The fresh leaf of rue was collected from the Wondo Genet Agriculture research center and was subjected to sun and shade drying methods and four storage days (0,5,10, and 15) days for each day's moisture content and essential oil extraction using hydro distillation. The obtained essential oils were analyzed for physical properties (specific gravity and refractive index). The highest value of moisture content in percent was recorded at 0-day storage days with the value of 73.533 and the lowest one was recorded at 15-day sundry with the value of 8.400. The highest and lowest value of essential oil content in volume by weight in percent was 0.673 and 0.174 at 0 day and 10-day sun, respectively. The highest and lowest value of essential oil content weight by weight in percent was 0.996 and 0.287 at 0 day and 15-day sun, respectively. The results showed that the rue dried under shade had a higher level of moisture content, essential oil content, volume by weight and weight by weight, specific gravity, and refractive index compared to the rue leaf dried under sun-drying methods. In the case of storage days in all parameters except refractive index and specific gravity, the rue fresh leaf (0 days) was higher in moisture content and essential oil contents compared to others storage days. This study provides evidence that drying herbs for different storage days and different drying methods affect the essential oil content and physical properties of essential oil.

scholarly journals Effect of Solid-State Fermentation on the essential oil yield of Curcuma longa residues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Teplaira Boum ◽  
Sylvie Nguikwie Kwanga ◽  
Doriane Tegoundio ◽  
Felix Adje Anoh
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Abstract The solid waste of Curcuma longa rhizomes generated after its cold juice process making is mostly unused and discarded even though they can contain essential oil. Conventional techniques such as hydrodistillation can be used to extract essential oil, but this generally results in low essential oil yield and inefficient extraction time. Solid-state fermentation as a pretreatment of distillation could improve the yield of essential oil. In this study, we evaluated the effect of solid state fermentation on the yield of extraction of Curcuma longa solid wastes essential oil. The solid-state fermentation was carried out naturally without any addition of inoculum and the extraction was performed by hydrodistillation. Under experimental conditions at room temperature and anaerobically in the dark, the treatment of 7 days of solid state fermentation followed by 2h of hydrodistillation provided the highest yield of 1.21% as compared to non-fermented of 0.35% and of 0.96% relative to the raw plant material representing an increase of 71% and 21% respectively. A

scholarly journals PENGARUH MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) TERHADAP DINDING SEL BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Opstaria Saptarini ◽  
Ismi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Light Yellow Color

Kaffir lime leaves essential oil has activity to inhibit bacterial growth. The mechanism of the inhibition is thought to be located in thebacterial cell wall. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial work location of kaffir lime leaf essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Kaffir lime leaves were distilled by steam distillation, essential oils obtained were identified by organoleptic quality, evaporation, solubility in alcohol, refractive index and specific gravity. The results were compared under with the literature. The results of essential oils were made with various concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.13, 1.56, 0.73, 0.39, and 0.20%. The results of the concentration series were tested for antibacterial activity with the macrodilution method followed by the determination for the location of bacterial growth inhibition using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The yield of kaffir lime leaf essential oil was 0.82%. The observation of organoleptic essential oil has a light yellow color, the distinctive odor of kaffir lime, a liquid form, and distinctive lime taste. Refractive index examination resulted 1.454; specific gravity 0.8317, and soluble in 70% ethanol with a ratio of 1:1. The Minimum BactericidalConcentration (MBC) obtained from the antibacterial activity test was 6.25%. Kaffir lime leaves essential oil mechanism occurred in the cell walls and cell membranes of Staphylococcus aureus. 

scholarly journals Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Essential Oil from Vietnamese Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Tran ◽  
Huynh Nguyen ◽  
Duy Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Huynh Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Basil plant is a common source for linalool and estragole. However, it has been showed that the chemical composition of basil varies considerably depending on many factors including method of extraction, cultivar of the plant or geographical location. In this study, we attempted to extract essential oil from Vietnamese basil and analyze the chemical composition of the obtained oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction method of choice was microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and the process was optimized with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with regard to four experimental parameters including raw material size, raw material to water ratio, extraction time and microwave power. The results showed that ground basil leaves, when extracted with optimal conditions of water-to-material ratio of 3.2:1, extraction time of 97 (min) and microwave power of 430 (W), gave the actual essential oil yield of 0.6%. Regarding ANOVA results of the quadratic model, high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9077), significant F-value of 10.92 and the p-value of less than 0.05 indicate that this model is significant between experimental and predicted variables, and should be fixed. In addition, GC-MS analysis revealed that major components of Vietnamese Basil were Estragole (87.869%), α-Bergamotene (2.922%), τ-Cadinol (2.770%), and Linalool (1.347%).

scholarly journals Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr Essential Oil and Its Inhibitory Properties against Some Bacteria and Cancer Cell Lines

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Toan Tran ◽  
Thu Le Vu Thi ◽  
Tien Lam Do ◽  
Hong Minh Pham Thi ◽  
Bich Hoang Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Wide Range

Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. (Callicarpa cana L.) is a medicinal plant that is distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and finds a wide range of uses in traditional medicine. In this study, we attempted and optimized the microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) process to obtain essential oil from the leaves of C. candicans. In addition, the obtained oil was analyzed for volatile composition by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and assayed for bioactivity against several bacteria and cancer cell lines. To optimize the extraction process, response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with central composite design (CCD) was adopted. Experimental design and optimization were carried out with respect to three experimental factors including the ratio of water to raw material, extraction time, and microwave power. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: water to raw material ratio of 6/1 (v/w), extraction time 42 min, and microwave power 440 W. Composition determination of the obtained C. candicans essential oil indicated the presence of predominant components including caryophyllene <b-> (10.45%), cadinene <d-> (10.28%), gurjunene <a-> (8.95%), muurolene <g-> (8.92%), selinene <a-> (7.06%), selinene <b-> (5.59%), and copaene <a-> (5.40%). In comparison with the essential oils obtained via traditional hydro-distillation method, the essential oil extracted by MAHD exhibited superior anti-proliferative activity on all tested cancer cell lines. Current results imply that the MAHD is capable of recovering biologically-active natural products of greater quantity than that recovered by the conventional distillation.

scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA MELATI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ISOPROPIL ETER : PENGARUH WAKTU, TEMPERATUR, DAN RASIO MASSA BUNGA MELATI DENGAN VOLUME PELARUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Febrina Iskandar ◽  
Michael Dillo Rizki Ginting ◽  
Iriany ◽  
Okta Bani
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Isopropyl Ether ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Solvent Lead

Jasmine flower is one of the high value commodities. One of the applications of  jasmine flower  is jasmine essential oil. Jasmine essential oil is often used to produce high quality parfume. Extraction is one of the methods for extracting jasmine essential oil, usually by the help of solvent. In this study, the effect of extraction time, extraction temperature, and solvent to jasmine flower ratio on jasmine oil extraction was studied. The extraction was carried out at 30oC, 35oC, and 40oC for 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours by using isopropyl ether. The ratio of jasmine flower to isopropyl ether were 1:3; 1:4; and 1:5 (m/v). The resulting jasmine oil was analyzed by GC-MS and its quality was assessed according to SNI 06-2385-2006 which include colour test, refractive index analysis, acid number analysis, and ester number analysis. This experiment showed that increasing of extraction time, extraction temperature, and volume of solvent lead to increase of absolute yield of jasmine essential oil. The highest jasmine oil yield was obtained at 10.63 %. The jasmine oil contained 45.34% benzyl acetate and had yellow color. Its refractive index, acid number, and ester number were 1.485, 26.228 mg KOH/gram jasmine essential oil, and 159.885 mg KOH/gram jasmine essential oil.

scholarly journals The influence of NaCl-induced stress on the growth and volatile profile of Curcuma longa L. leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Mahesh Pal ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
Shri Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Herein, for the first time, the influence of salt-induced stress on the vegetative growth and the volatile profile of Curcuma longa L. leaves was investigated. C. longa was grown in a quarter-strength Hoagland?s solution to which NaCl was added to give four final concentrations: 0 (control), 25, 50 or 75 mM NaCl. In the case of the plants grown in the 25 mM NaCl medium, leaf biomass production was the same as in the control experiment, but it decreased significantly at higher salinities (50 mM and 75 mM NaCl). The volatile constituents of the leaves were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential-oil yield (calculated on the basis of dry weight) was 2.0% for the control plants, and increased at low-to-medium NaCl concentrations (2.5% and 2.8% for the 25 and 50 mM NaCl media, respectively). Contrary to that, the essential-oil yield decreased (1.6%) in the case of plants grown in the 75 mM NaCl medium. The major volatile constituents of C. longa leaves were identified as: ?-phellandrene (38.3-42.4%; more than one third of the total oil), terpinene-4-ol (5.6-10.5%), geraniol (5.6-7.9%), p-cymene (5.2-9.6%), ?-thujene (4.5-7.3%), ?-sesquiphellandrene (4.8-6.8%), ?-myrcene (2.6-3.8%) and ?-bisabolol (1.5-2.7%).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Menggunakan Pelarut n-Heksana terhadap Rendemen Minyak

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nasrun Ibrahim ◽  
Jalaluddin Jalaluddin ◽  
Nurul Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Indonesia has natural resources that are rich in essential oils. One potential natural resource is lime which can be used as flavor in food. The extraction of lime leaf essential oil using volatile solvent extraction method. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of extraction time on yield, refractive index, and density of essential oils produced. Extraction of lime leaf oil with n-hexane solvent using soxhlet extractors. The old lime leaves that have been cleaned, cut into small pieces and wrapped in filter paper and put in soxhlet. 200 ml n-hexane solvent is inserted in an extractor round bottom flask equipped with coolant. Extraction is carried out at a certain temperature and time depending on the type of solvent used, until the solvent color is returned as before. Then the filtrate was distilled to be purified, so that lime leaf oil was obtained separately from the solvent. Essential oils are then tested for yield, refractive index, and density contained in essential oils. The results of the study were extraction of lime leaves with n-hexane solvent, the highest yield obtained at a sample weightof 200 grams with an extraction time of 180 minutes which was 3.11%. The highest oil refractive index was also obtained at a sample weight of 200 grams with an extraction time of 180 minutes which was 1.47, while the density of essential oil from lime leaves was 0.79gr/ml.Keywords: essential oil, lime leaf, extraction, n-heksana

scholarly journals Application of2kFull Factorial Design in Optimization of Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction of Ginger Essential Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumtaj Shah ◽  
S. K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Microwave Power Level

The solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from ginger was optimized using a 23full factorial design in terms of oil yield to determine the optimum extraction conditions. Sixteen experiments were carried out with three varying parameters, extraction time, microwave power, and type of sample for two levels of each. A first order regression equation best fits the experimental data. The predicted values calculated by the regression model were in good agreement with the experimental values. The results showed that the extraction time is the most prominent factor followed by microwave power level and sample type for extraction process. An average of 0.25% of ginger oil can be extracted using current setup. The optimum conditions for the ginger oil extraction using SFME were the extraction time 30 minutes, microwave power level 640 watts, and sample type, crushed sample. Solvent-free microwave extraction proves a green and promising technique for essential oil extraction.

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