Oxidative Stability and Physico-chemical Properties of Meat from Broilers Fed with Dietary Neem Leaf Powder, Spirulina and their Combination

This 6 week study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential, maintaining quality and sensory properties of broiler meat from birds fed on dietary neem leaf powder (NLP). A total of 90 Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 6 groups of 15 birds in each. Dietary treatments consisted of normal diet (control Group I), feed containing terramycin-200 (TM-200*) at the concentration of 0.05% (Group II), feed containing NLP of 0.2% (Group III), feed containing NLP of 0.2% and spirulina of 1% (Group IV), feed containing TM-200 at 0.05% and spirulina of 1% (Group V) and feed containing spirulina of 1% (Group VI). At the end of the experiment liver, kidney and muscle samples were collected to evaluate the tissue peroxidation (TBARS and protein carbonyls) and antioxidant markers (SOD). Physico-chemical quality determinants of both fresh and preserved meat viz. extract release volume (ERV), water holding capacity (WHC) and pH were also studied. TBARS protein carbonyls indicated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in all the treated groups when compared to control. Superoxide dismutase levels were found to be significantly increased in all the treated groups, in all the tissues collected. Compared to control group, favorable physico-chemical quality determinants were recorded in all the treated groups. The sensory attributes did not show significant (P < 0.05) differences for color, flavor, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability. This study indicates enhanced stress tolerance levels, improved meat quality with unaffected consumer acceptance levels of the meat observed in the study, from broilers fed with neem and spirulina either alone or in combinationsș this points out that neem at 0.2% level can be used in poultry diets instead of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP).

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Effects of graded levels of Tetracin® on physico-chemical and sensory properties of broiler meat 1

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v44i2.982 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 34-45

Author(s):

A. O. Akinwumi ◽

A. A. Odunsi ◽

A. B. Omojola ◽

I. O. Olatoye ◽

T. O. Akande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Veterinary Antibiotic

Tetracin® (a feed grade veterinary antibiotic) was administered at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg to conventional starter and finisher feed for broilers for a period of six weeks before the breast meat were analyzed for physical, chemical and organoleptic properties. One hundred and fifty (2 weeks old) broiler chicks were randomly divided into 10 birds per replicate with 3 replicates per treatment. At the end of the feeding trial, 6 birds per treatment were slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated and dressed. The breasts cuts were however subjected to laboratory analyses. No statistically significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in drip loss, chilling loss, shear force, ash and moisture contents of broiler meat across the treatment groups. However, the cooking loss and thermal loss progressively increased (P<0.05) with the corresponding increase in Tetracin®. Similarly, WHC was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced with increased inclusion of Tetracin®. Crude protein increased (P<0.05) but ether extract was reduced with inclusion of Tetracin®. Meat without antibiotics was highly rated (P<0.05) for flavour, juiciness and tenderness while colour and general acceptability were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced with or without Tetracin®. Conclusively, the inclusion of Tetracin® improved the chemical properties of broiler meat but the physical properties (cooking loss and WHC), flavour, juiciness and tenderness of the meat were compromised especially when administered above 100mg/kg feed.

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Hydroethanolic Extract of Defatted Buchholzia coriacea Seeds Alleviates Tamoxifen-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation, Inflammation and Oxidative Distress in Rat

Medicines ◽

10.3390/medicines9010001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ayokanmi Ore ◽

Abideen Idowu Adeogun ◽

Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Hepatic Function ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Control Group ◽

Hepatic Triglyceride ◽

Triglyceride Accumulation ◽

Group I ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

Background: Tamoxifen (TMX) has proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, long-term use of TMX is associated with hepatic steatosis, oxidative liver injury and hepatocarcinoma. Buchholzia coriacea seeds (BCS) have been widely applied in traditional medicine due to their nutritional and therapeutic potentials. This study investigates the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of (defatted) B. coriacea seeds (HEBCS) against TMX–induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty-six (36) male albino rats were divided into six groups (n = 6/group). Group I served as control. Group II received 50 mg/kg/day TMX orally (p.o.) (TMX) for 21 days, group III received TMX plus 125 mg/kg/d HEBCS p.o. (HEBCS 125) for 21 days, group IV received TMX plus 250 mg/kg/d HEBCS p.o. (HEBCS 250) for 21 days and rats in group V and VI received HEBCS 125 and HEBCS 250 respectively for 21 days. Results: Compared with the control, TMX caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum hepatic function biomarkers: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase by 57%, 60% and 68% respectively. TMX also caused a significant increase in hepatic triglycerides level by 166% when compared with control and a significant decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol level by 37%. Compared with control, hepatic marker of inflammation, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased significantly by 220%, coupled with significant increase in expression of interleukin 6 and cyclooxygenase 2. There was also significant increase in levels of Biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in the TMX group by 89%, 175% and 114% respectively when compared with the control. Hepatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) decreased significantly in the TMX group by 35%, 67%, 41%, 59% and 53% respectively when compared with the control. However, HEBCS at 250 mg/kg significantly protected against TMX–induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing hepatic triglyceride content, serum hepatic function biomarkers, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress with significant improvement in hepatic antioxidant system. Histopathological findings show that HEBCS alleviate TMX–induced hepatocyte ballooning. Conclusions: Current data suggest that HEBCS protected against TMX–induced hepatotoxicity in rats. HEBCS may be useful in managing TMX–induced toxicities in breast cancer patients. It may also be helpful against other forms of liver injury involving steatosis, inflammation, free radicals, and oxidative damage.

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Comparative studies on the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on hematobiochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens

International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology ◽

10.14419/ijpt.v7i1.28033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ashraf A. Elkomy ◽

Enas Farag ◽

Elshahat I. Elgharbawy ◽

Mohamed Elbadawy

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Phagocytic Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Serum Total Protein ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Hematobiochemical Parameters ◽

Serum Total Lipid ◽

Immunological Alterations

A total of 100 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were used to study the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on some hematobiochemical and immunological parameters. Chicks were divided into four equal groups, 25 each. The first group was kept as control; the 2nd group was received 0.5 g of lincomycin per liter; the 3rd group was received 100 mg bacitracin per liter and the 4th group was administered both lincomycin and bacitracin, each at the above-mentioned dose. Drugs were given in drinking water for 5 successive days from 20th to 25th day of age. Bodyweight was recorded at the beginning of the experiment and at 1st-day post administration where body performance was recorded. One day post administration, blood samples were collected for estimation of hematobiochemical and immunological alterations. The obtained results revealed that broiler chicks administered lincomycin or bacitracin or both revealed a marked increase in bodyweight, weight gain, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, erythrocytic count, hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, total leukocytic count, serum total protein, albumin, total globulin, α, β and γ globulin. Furthermore, a significant elevation in malondialdehyde associated with a marked reduction in albumin-globulin ratio, serum total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride and a significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase, were recorded, compared with the control group. In conclusion, lincomycin and bacitracin either alone or in combination have positive impacts on growth performance, immunological and hematobiochemical parameters of broiler chickens. So, it is recommended to use both drugs as growth promoters in broiler chickens.

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Influence of Maternal Antibody on the Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Broilers

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i730581 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108-114

Author(s):

Pubaleem Deka ◽

Sangeeta Das ◽

Pankaj Deka

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease ◽

Half Life ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Maternal Antibody ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Economic Implication ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Unvaccinated Control

The half-life of maternal antibody (mAb) titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were estimated in order to trace its likely declining pattern and the influence on the efficacy of vaccination in broiler chicks. Our study was also conducted to compare two vaccination regimens with live and inactivated NDV vaccine. For this purpose, ninety day-old broiler chicks with known NDV vaccination history of parent stock were randomly allocated into three groups (I) unvaccinated control, (II) Live NDV vaccine, and (III) Live + Inactivated NDV vaccine. Haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies were determined in the pre- and post-vaccination sera of the experimental chicks. The results indicated that the unvaccinated group showed higher level of mAb against NDV at day 1 with HI antibody titre (Log2) 9.32 which was maintained up to 7 days of age (8.11) and gradually declined with no measurable antibodies of maternal origin after day 14, signifying the initiation of Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination at 7 days of age. The vaccinated Group II and III revealed significantly higher HI titre at day 14 (11.52, 12.42), day 21 (12.95, 13.22), day 28 (11.63, 12.18) and day 35 (13.31, 13.39) than the unvaccinated control group I. Moreover, there is no significant difference in humoral immune response among both the vaccinated groups. Thus, our study suggests the use of live NDV vaccines for ND prevention in commercial broiler farming over the inactivated NDV vaccines which demands a withdrawal period before slaughter and its economic implication due to additional cost. This study also indicated that the half-life values of mAb and its effect should be considered while customizing an effective vaccine regimen.

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EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DRIED TAMARIND PULP ON MEAT CHOLESTEROL, CARCASS YIELD, DRESSING PERCENTAGE AND ABDOMINAL FAT OF BROILER CHICKEN

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/tijovsab.v12i1.11232 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P.V. Patil ◽

G.B. Shinde ◽

A.B. Kanduri ◽

P.H. Pawar

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Group I ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Different Levels ◽

Control Group Group

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of different levels of dried Tamarind pulp on meat cholesterol, carcass yield and dressing percentage of broiler chicken. 300 healthy day old commercial broiler chicks of Vencob’ strain were selected and divided into five groups of 60 chicks in each group, three replicates of 20 birds in each group. The chicks of control group (Group I) were fed with standard broiler diet without dried Tamarind pulp, whereas dried Tamarind pulp was supplemented @250 gm, 500 gm, 1000 gm and 1500 gm per 100 kg of broiler ration respectively to groups -II, III, IV and V.The meat cholesterol was found to be significantly lower in treatments groups than in control group. However, carcass yield and dressing percentage of treatment groups were significantly higher than control Group.The carcass yield and dressing percentage were increased and meat cholesterol level was decreased on supplementation of dried Tamarind pulp in broiler rations.

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Cardioprotective effect of Volvariella volvacea in streptozotocin administered rats

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i4.27707 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 903 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soosaimanickam Carmel Punitha ◽

Muthu Rajasekaran

Keyword(s):

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Lipid Peroxides ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Control Group ◽

Volvariella Volvacea ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Group I ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products

The present study examined the cardioprotective role of methanol extract of the edible mushroom Volvariella volvacea against oxidative stress in hyperglycemic rats. Rats divided into 6 groups were administered with nicotinamide and streptozotocin intraperitoneally, except Group I (control). Group II served as diabetic control. Group III was given glibenclamide. Two groups (IV and V) of rats received (200 and 400 mg/kg) mushroom extracts orally for 30 days and Group VI received vitamin E (40 mg/kg). After the treatment period, lipid peroxides, carbonyl end products, advanced glycation end products, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants (vitamin C and E) were assessed in the heart tissues of experimental animals. Glycosylated hemoglobin was estimated in blood. Electrocardiography recordings of the treated groups were also done. The results showed that mushroom extract treatment reduced the lipid peroxides, advanced glycation end products and protein carbonyls significantly and reversed the altered anti-oxidant enzymes, and the vitamins.Video Clips:<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/wn01m31-XhY">Hemolysate preparation</a>: 2 min 50 sec<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/B0OLbU-NdEM">Mixing, glycosylated hemoglobin separation and reading absorbance</a>: 3 min 10 sec

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Effect of use of extruded corn in broiler feed on yield and meat quality

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1206355o ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (5-6) ◽

pp. 355-365

Author(s):

Djordje Okanovic ◽

Natalija Dzinic ◽

Marija Jokanovic ◽

Vladimir Tomovic ◽

Slavko Filipovic

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Lower Content ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Free Lipids ◽

Nutritive Quality ◽

Extruded Feed

The objective of these investigations was to examine the efficacy of the use of extruded feed in the diet of broiler chicks. The procedure of extruding corn causes significant physical-chemical changes in the kernel structure, which increases the nutritive value as the nutritive matter in the kernel becomes more readily available to the enzymes of the animal?s digestive tract. This procedure also increases hygiene safety as well as the sensory characteristics (taste) of the feed. Investigations were carried out on 3000 chicks of the Ross 308 hybrid, which were divided into an experimental and a control group. The fattening period lasted 49 days. The composition of the broiler mix was identical in both groups, with extruded corn being used in the mix for the control group (O). Broilers fed the mix with extruded corn (O) showed faster growth, lower mortality (20:96) and better feed conversion (2.04:2,13 kg/kg) in comparison with the control group (K). Broilers of the experimental group (O) also realized greater mass of the breast (696.6:657.6 g) and legs (569.2:528.2 g), as well as a greater meat percentage in the breast and legs. The diet with extruded corn also resulted in an improved nutritive quality of the broiler meat (higher protein content and lower content of free lipids in broiler meat). The meat of broilers fed the mix with extruded corn (O) was found to contain a higher protein content (23.35:22.58%) in the breast, and in the legs (18.26:17.67%), and a lower content of free lipids (1,.40:2.42%) in the breast, and in the legs (5.87:9.24%) in comparison with the meat of broilers of the control group (K).

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Modulation of claudins expression in the gastrointestinal tract by probiotics

Journal of Experimental and Applied Animal Sciences ◽

10.20454/jeaas.2019.1585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 57-68

Author(s):

Elsayed S. I. Mohammed ◽

Rasha Radey ◽

Mohamed S. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Probiotic Group ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Junction Proteins

The aim was to examine the expression of tight junction proteins, namely claudins 1 and 5 (CLD1 and 5) and the effects of probiotics-feeding on their expression in the gastrointestinal tract. In experiment 1, the expression of CLD1 and 5 was examined in chicks fed with starter rations for 7 days post-hatching. At day 7 the proventriculus, ileum, cecum and colon were collected for RT-PCR analysis of CLD1 and 5 gene expression. In experiment 2, the chicks were arranged in 3 groups: control group, probiotics group I and probiotics group II, which were fed with starter rations containing 0, 0.2 or 0.4% probiotics, respectively, for 14 days. The proventriculus, ileum, cecum and colon were collected in all groups at D0, D7 and D14 for analysis of CLD1 and 5 expressions by real time PCR. The expressions of CLD1 and 5 were detectable in all segments. Probiotics-feeding did not affect the expression of the CLD1 at D7 and D14 in the proventriculus, ileum and cecum. However, in the colon the expression of CLD1 was higher in probiotic group I than control and probiotics group II. The expression of CLD5 did not show significant differences except in the colon at D7 where control group was higher than that of D0 and D14 and higher in probiotic group I than probiotics group II. These results suggest that probiotics-feeding may not have effects on the gene expressions of CLD1 and 5 in the proventriculus, ileum and cecum. In contrast, probiotics-feeding may enhance the expression of CLD1 in the colon of broiler chicks. This result suggest that probiotics-feeding enhanced the expression of CLD1 in the colon and may help in maintaining tight junction functions and reducing the risk by pathogenic invasions.

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The Effect of Whey on Performance, Gut Health and Bone Morphology Parameters in Broiler Chicks

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Vasileios Tsiouris ◽

Michael G. Kontominas ◽

Giorgos Filioussis ◽

Sofia Chalvatzi ◽

Ilias Giannenas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Animal Feed ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Gut Health ◽

Bone Morphology ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Poultry Diets

Whey is a highly nutritious byproduct of the cheese industry that can be used effectively in the animal feed industry. However, the use of whey in poultry diets is limited by its high lactose and mineral contents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of whey in poultry diets on the performance, intestinal microbiota and physico-chemical parameters of the intestinal ecosystem, as well as on the bone morphology and its strength in broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty-eight, day-old, male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups of 32 chicks each. The treatment groups were: group A, which served as negative control and groups B, C and D, supplemented with 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey, respectively. Performance of the groups was evaluated throughout the experiment. Following necropsies, the gastrointestinal tract from each bird was removed, divided into its anatomical parts and intestinal samples were taken for microbiological analysis and for pH and viscosity measurement as well. Tibiotarsus was also collected for morphometric analysis and strength evaluation. The statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed that the dietary supplementation of 1 and 2% of whey improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the body weight, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the body weight. Furthermore, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the pH of jejunum digesta and reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the pH of caecum digesta compared to the control group. The addition of 1 and 2% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in the jejunum and ileum digesta, compared to the addition of 5% of whey which reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in jejunum digesta but increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in ileum digesta. Moreover, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the caecal counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus lactis, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the tibiotarsus length. It can be concluded that the addition of low quantities of whey up to 2% promoted the performance and gut health of birds, while the addition of higher quantities of whey at the level of 5% had a detrimental effect on the performance and tibiotarsus length.

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Amelioration of oxidative stress in broilers during summer

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1006361s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (5-6) ◽

pp. 361-381

Author(s):

V. Sujatha ◽

Pandurang Korde ◽

S.K. Rastogi ◽

A.K. Madan ◽

S. Maini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Total Protein ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Synthetic Vitamin ◽

Group I ◽

Feed Premix

A comparative study on antistressor and antioxidative effects of synthetic vitamin C and polyherbal feed premix Ayucee supplementation in broilers was conducted during the summer months of June-July when the mean temperature-humidity index was 84.74?2.51. Day old broiler chicks (n =60) were randomly divided into three groups. Control group I was given basal diet and treatment groups (II&III) were supplemented with Synthetic vitamin C (100g/tonne of feed) and Ayucee (100g/tonne of feed) from day 0 to six weeks of age. Biochemical parameters were analysed after 3rd & 5th week & erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes were analysed after 3rd & 6th week of experiment. Hormonal & immunological parameters were analysed after 6th of experimental study. After 3rd week, mean plasma glucose, cholesterol & antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase (GSSG) were significantly (P? 0.01) lower in treated groups (II & III) than control (I); however total protein, albumin to globulin ratio & antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (P? 0.05) different in group II & III compared to group I. After 5th week, mean plasma glucose, total protein, albumin globulin ratio were significantly (P? 0.05) different in both the treatments compared to control. Erythrocytic GSSG were significantly (P? 0.05) different in both the treatments than control, as observed after 6th week. Stress hormones namely cortisol & thyroxine (T4) were observed to be significantly (P?0.05) higher in untreated control than the treated groups. However, the two treatments did not differ significantly. Mean total immunoglobulin (Ig) level was significantly (P?0.01) higher in AYUCEE & vit-C treated birds than control after 6th week of study. It can be concluded from the results that oxidative stress in broilers during summer could be ameliorated using antioxidant synthetic vitamin C & the polyherbal antistressor, immunomodulator & adaptogenic feed premix AYUCEE.

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