scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Abrus precatorius L. Seeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Suryakant Chakradhari ◽  
Khageshwar S. Patel ◽  
Erick K. Towett ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
Adam Gnatowski
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Oil Percentage

Aims: A. precatorius seed powder is traditionally used in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicine. The objective of present work is to describe the oil, starch, protein, polyphenol and mineral composition of A. precatorius seeds. Methodology: Legumes from A. precatorius were collected, and seeds were manually separated. Dried seeds in powder form were employed for the various analyses: solvent extraction was used for elucidation of the oil percentage value; starch content was determined by the enzymatic method; total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were spectrophotometrically analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride as the color developing reagents, respectively; and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used for the mineral contents assessment. Results: The seed kernel consisted of stored oil (3.2%), protein (92.0%) and starch (4.8%). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 24710 and 2520 mg/kg (dw). A remarkably high content of polyphenols was observed in the seed coat and the seed pod. P, S and (mainly) K nutrients were hyper-accumulated in the seed kernel. The seeds showed a glass transition at -21°C, two endothermic peaks at 109°C (dehydration and protein unfolding) and at 209°C, and a calorific value (~406 kcal/100 g dw) that exceeded those of Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris Medik. and other common pulses. Conclusions: The seed kernel from A. precatorius was mainly composed of stored protein, with low oil and starch contents. High contents of polyphenols, K, Mg, Ca and Fe were found in the seeds. Heavy metals were below the safety limits established for human consumption.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Spectral Characteristics of Terminalia Plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Suryakant Chakradhari ◽  
Keshaw P. Rajhans ◽  
Khageshwar S. Patel ◽  
Erick K. Towett ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nutritional Constituents ◽  
Seed Coats

Aims: Terminalia spp. is medicinal plants that belong to Combretaceae family, widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. In this work, the nutritional constituents of the leaves, seed kernel and seed coat from four Terminalia species (T. arjuna, T. bellirica, T. catappa and T. chebula) are reported. Methodology: Polyphenol and flavonoid contents were analyzed spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride as reagents, respectively; mineral contents were quantified by using X-ray fluorescence; and the functional groups of the phytochemicals were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Results: The total concentration of 20 macro- and micronutrients and heavy metals (viz. P, S, Cl, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, As and Pb), and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the seed kernels ranged from 1754 to 65521 mg/kg, from 2150 to 51100 mg/kg and from 63 to 42300 mg/kg, respectively. Polyphenol and mineral contents for the Terminalia spp. seed coats and leaves were also determined. The enrichment in each of aforementioned elements with respect to the soil content was calculated. The vibrational spectra of the leaves and seed coats agreed with a composition rich in lignin, hemicellulose, cutin, pectin and flavonoids, while those of the seed kernels were in accordance with the presence of unsaturated oils, protein, and fiber. Conclusion: Various parts of the four Terminalia species under study (T. arjuna, T. bellirica, T. catappa and T. chebula) featured high contents of nutrients and polyphenols needed for biological metabolism and human health. In addition, heavy metals were only present at traces level, indicating that these Terminalia plants would be safe for medicinal uses.

scholarly journals Preparation of Hulu-mur flavored carbonated beverage based on Feterita sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) malt

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara F. A. Baidab ◽  
Solafa A. Hamad ◽  
Abdel Halim R. Ahmed ◽  
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Carbonated Beverages ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Carbonated Beverage

 In this study, sorghum Feterita malt extract was used to prepare carbonated beverages flavored with traditional Hulu-mur spices extract.  The beverages produced were assessed for their physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional qualities. Malting (3–5 days) of the Feterita grains showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in proximate composition from that of unmalted grains. Protein and sugars increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increased the malting time (days), while there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in oil and starch  content  during malting progress. The kilning temperature of 150°C for 20 minutes was found to produce the most acceptable Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue in terms of flavor and taste. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in physicochemical and nutritional qualities between the Hulu-mur analogue carbonated beverage and commercial non-alcoholic beverage. The Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue was rich in Na, K, Ca, and Fe (26.45, 21.84, 24.00, and 0.57 mg /100 g, respectively) compared to levels of the same minerals in the non-alcoholic beverage (22.31, 8.19, 22.00 and 0.15 mg/100 g, respectively). The Hulu-mur analogue also had a higher calorific value (35.85 kcal /100 mL) compared to the non-alcoholic beverage (32.96 kcal/100 mL).

scholarly journals Phenolic and Mineral Characteristics of Seed Coats and Kernels from 24 Species from Raipur Area, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pravin Kumar Sahu ◽  
Suryakant Chakradhari ◽  
Manas Kanti Deb ◽  
Khageshwar S. Patel ◽  
Erick K. Towett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Seed Coats

Aims: The objective of the present work is the investigation of the physicochemical characteristics of seed coats and kernels from 24 species with medicinal and food applications. Methodology: Seeds from 24 species (2 herbs, 11 vines and 11 trees), belonging to 13 families, were sampled in Raipur (India) in 2017. The collected seeds were dried and weighed, after which seed coats were manually peeled and separately weighed. Phenolic and mineral contents in the seed coats and kernels were analyzed by spectrophotometric and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques, respectively. Results: The seed coat fraction represented from 12% to 95% of the seed mass, depending on the species. The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids and minerals in the seed coats varied from 1800 to 32300 mg/kg, from 1200 to 26900 mg/kg, and from 5876 to 36499 mg/kg, respectively. In the seed kernels, TPh, Fla and minerals ranged from 780 to 31760 mg/kg, from 300 to 12020 mg/kg, and from 12595 to 40810 mg/kg, respectively. P, S, K, Mg, Ca and Fe were found to be the main macro- and micro-elements. Seed coats from Loganiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Lauraceae and Rutaceae families featured the highest total polyphenol contents, and those from Lauraceae and Rutaceae families showed the highest flavonoid concentrations. The highest total mineral contents corresponded to seed coats from Lauraceae, Rutaceae and Euphorbiaceae families. Conclusion: Indian-laurel and curry tree stand out as promising phytochemical and nutrient sources.

scholarly journals Characterization of starch from different non-traditional sources and its application as coating in ‘Palmer’ mango fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Augusto Marques Rodrigues ◽  
Luana Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Rayssa Ribeiro da Costa ◽  
Débora Tamara Félix ◽  
José Henrique Bernardino Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Mango Seed Kernel ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Mango Seed ◽  
Biodegradable Coatings

ABSTRACT Yam, cassava, jackfruit seed and mango seed kernel have potential for the extraction and use as starch in the food industry of starch or for the formulation of biodegradable coatings. As a biodegradable coating, starch can be applied in fruits characterized by a fast maturation, such as mango, which requires technologies to increase its shelf life. The aim of this study was to characterize starch from four non-traditional sources and to evaluate their potential as coating for ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Starches used were extracted from cassava, mango seed kernel, jackfruit seed, and yam, and had their physical, optical, and chemical properties characterized for later use as coatings of ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Fruits were coated with 3% cassava starch, 3.5% jackfruit seed starch, 3.5% mango seed kernel starch and 3.5% yam starch, and were compared to the control (uncoated). They were then stored at 24.4 ± 0.3 °C and 87 ± 2% RH and evaluated for 12 days. A 5x7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized experimental design was adopted. Total starch content was higher than 70% in the four sources of starch. Starches from jackfruit and yam had higher amylose content. The four sources of starch had low water solubility and swelling power, with jackfruit seed starch having the highest values. The coating sources were effective in maintaining quality, particularly mango seed kernel starch because it reduced respiratory rate and weight loss in 27.7% and 33.8%, respectively, as well as jackfruit seed starch as it delayed fruit skin yellowing.

scholarly journals Mineral content of different bottled water available in Bangladesh: Assessment of their compliance with current regulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Madhusudan Roy ◽  
Nargis Jahan Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The University

Nine bottled water brands collected from retail shops and food shops beside the University of Dhaka were analyzed for their major and trace element constituents to ascertain their suitability for human consumption. The results obtained were compared with parametric values (PVs) set by European Community Council Directive 98/83/EC and the guideline values (GVs) recommended by WHO. It was found that the majority of the brands tested were low in mineral contents. Moreover, lower values of hardness, TDS and conductivity than the prescribed limits of WHO showed that water was deficient in essential minerals. Minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium were present in some cases in such a low concentration that water seemed to be as good as distilled water. In case of heavy metals, only lead and cadmium were found to be below the detection limit (0.001 mg/L) which indicates bottled water brands are better for drinking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15316 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 7-15, June 2012

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Biofortifying The Maize Grain

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Cömertpay ◽  
Faheem Shehzad Baloch ◽  
Halil Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Maize Grain

The maize germplasm variation is valuable for breeders to develop elite hybrids with increased mineral contents in the maize grain to eliminate mineral malnutrition, which is referred as HIDEN HUNGER. Therefore, we aimed to determine mineral element diversity of maize landraces collected from different geographical regions of Turkey. There was huge diversity for all mineral traits and other quality traits. Turkish maize landraces showed high variation for Zn (17-41.34 mg kg-1), Fe (13.52-29.63 mg kg-1), Cu (0.77-3.34 mg kg-1), Mn (5.68-14.78 mg kg-1), Protein (6.6-11.6%), starch content (73.3-80.0%), oil content (3.15-4.7%) and thousand grain weight (177.0-374.9g). There were significant positive and negative associations among mineral elements and quality traits. The principal component analysis differentiated some maize landraces from the rest, and these diverse landraces could be used in the maize breeding program with biofortification purpose.

scholarly journals Nutritional, Spectral and Thermal Characteristic of Lamiaceae Seeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pravin Kumar Sahu ◽  
Suryakant Chakradhari ◽  
Khageshwar Singh Patel ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
Erick K. Towett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Crystallization ◽  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens

Aims: Species of the family Lamiaceae possess a rich tradition of use for flavoring and medicinal purposes. This paper focusses on the nutritional and thermal characteristics of the seeds from eight species belonging to this family: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm., Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br., Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum sanctum L. (Rama Tulsi), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Krishna Tulsi), Origanum vulgare L. and Tectona grandis L.f. Methodology: The oil, starch, total polyphenol, flavonoid and mineral contents for aforementioned seeds were determined. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to assess the phytoconstituents. Thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed to analyze the decomposition patterns. Results: The concentrations of oil, starch, total polyphenol, flavonoids and minerals for the seeds from the eight plants under study ranged from 11.8 to 50.4%, from 0.22 to 1.84%, from 295 to 5842 mg/kg, from 1660 to 12680 mg/kg and from 11756 to 33927 mg/kg, respectively. Unsaturated oils, polyphenols and lignin were recognized by vibrational spectroscopy. The sequence of thermal effects in the seed pyrolysis process above 100°C have been put in relation to seed protein crystallization (endotherm at 200°C), oxidation reactions and degradation of hemicellulose and other fiber components (at around 300°C), and decomposition of polyunsaturated (at 357°C) and mono-unsaturated (at 391°C) triglycerides. Conclusion: Lamiaceae seeds are potential food alternatives to cereals.

scholarly journals Influence of NaCl salinity on plant growth and nutrient assimilation of Zea mays L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sozharajan ◽  
S. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading edible oil and third largest important cereal. In addition to it is used as food for human consumption as well as food grain for livestock. High concentrations of NaCl in soils account for large decrease in the yield of a large variety of crops all over the globe. The objective of the present study was conducted to evaluate NaCl stress on growth and mineral nutrient composition of maize plants. Maize seeds were grown in plastic pots having fine sand. After 20 days of germination, the plants were subjected to seven different concentrations (Control, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM, 125mM and 150mM) of NaCl. Plants were analyzed on 15th day after salt treatment. Factorial experiments in a completely randomized design (CRBD) with three replications were applied. The growth parameters and mineral contents Na, Ca, K and Cl were investigated from saline treated and non saline treated plants. Results indicated that the NaCl stress markedly reduced the shoot and root length fresh and dry masses. Moreover Na+, Cl- content increased with increase in NaCl stress, while Ca2+ and K+ were decreased significantly.

scholarly journals Lead, mercury and arsenic content in spices: Black, white and green pepper, black cumin and ginger

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Blagojevic ◽  
Stevan Blagojevic ◽  
Biljana Begovic
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Black Cumin

In order to evaluate the safety of selected commercial spices brands, concentration of lead, mercury and arsenic, as well as moisture and mineral contents were analyzed in samples of dried black and white pepper powders, black, white and green peppercorns, black cumin seeds and ginger powder. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) concentrations in spice samples purchased from local markets in Belgrade were determined, after a microwave digestion of the samples, by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), using the graphite furnace AAS technique (Pb), cold vapor AAS technique (Hg) and hydride generation AAS technique (As). Trace levels of Pb, Hg and As in the selected dried spices samples were in the range 0.10 ppm - 0.79 ppm, 0.01 ppm - 0.10 ppm and 0.01 ppm - 0.51 ppm, respectively. The maximum Pb concentration was determined in the sample of ginger and it was 0.79 ppm, the maximum concentration of Hg was 0.10 ppm, determined in green peppercorns samples, while the maximum concentration of As in powdered black pepper sample was 0.51 ppm. The moisture and mineral contents in the different analyzed spices were in the range 1.70-13.10% and 3.40-6.50%, respectively. According to the obtained results, the concentrations of the analyzed toxic elements, as well as the moisture and mineral content in selected spices, were below the maximum permissible limits declared by the national legislations deemed safe for human consumption.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Briquetting Process of Torrefied Rubber Seed Kernel and Palm Oil Shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fadzli Hamid ◽  
M. Yusof Idroas ◽  
M. Zulfikar Ishak ◽  
Z. Alimuddin Zainal Alauddin ◽  
M. Azman Miskam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Densification Temperature ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Torrefied Biomass

Torrefaction process of biomass material is essential in converting them into biofuel with improved calorific value and physical strength. However, the production of torrefied biomass is loose, powdery, and nonuniform. One method of upgrading this material to improve their handling and combustion properties is by densification into briquettes of higher density than the original bulk density of the material. The effects of critical parameters of briquetting process that includes the type of biomass material used for torrefaction and briquetting, densification temperature, and composition of binder for torrefied biomass are studied and characterized. Starch is used as a binder in the study. The results showed that the briquette of torrefied rubber seed kernel (RSK) is better than torrefied palm oil shell (POS) in both calorific value and compressive strength. The best quality of briquettes is yielded from torrefied RSK at the ambient temperature of briquetting process with the composition of 60% water and 5% binder. The maximum compressive load for the briquettes of torrefied RSK is 141 N and the calorific value is 16 MJ/kg. Based on the economic evaluation analysis, the return of investment (ROI) for the mass production of both RSK and POS briquettes is estimated in 2-year period and the annual profit after payback was approximately 107,428.6 USD.

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