Evaluation of Phytochemical Content, Antibacterial Properties and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Andrographis echioidies (L) Nees

Background: There is much investigation with the Andrographis paniculata which is a very well-known medicinal plant, people were using this plant from ancient years, but this another species Andrographis echioides was not explored too much for many years. In this study we tried to find out the important phyto constitiuents, antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Aim: The main aim of the present study, was to screen phytochemical derivatives from an Indian medicinal plant Andrographis echioides (L) Nees and to evaluate the antibacterial potential, and anti-inflammatory activity also. Study Design: Various tests or experiment was done in this study according to the review of the literature with little modification, a preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out in the plant extracts using qualitative methods. The whole plant of Anrographis echioides was subjected to soxhlet extraction using organic solvent of methanol, acetone, and petroleum ether. The antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol and petroleum ether whole plant extracts of Andrographis echioides was carried out using agar well diffusion method, anti-inflammatory activity was checked using fresh egg albumin method, and a statistical analysis was done using SPSS to prove that there is a strong correlation between the activity of our plant sample and a standard commercial drug (NASID). Place and Duration of the Study: The whole study was done in Panskura Banamali College, Vidyasagar University, Department of Biotechnology sponsored by BOOST, Louis Pasteur laboratory, West Bengal, India. The study was done between 17th August 2018 - 30th February 2019. Results: All these tests were done triplicate and the mean value was taken. The phytochemical analysis reveals that the plant has some important phytoconstituents such as Tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and terpenoids. The Acetone and Methanol extracts are showed the best zone of inhibition against the severe pathogens such as S. aureus (A.E-33 mm, M.E-28 mm), S. typhi (A.E- 26.67 mm, M.E-28.33 mm). The methanolic extract of Andrographis echioides showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity comparing to the NASID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Diclofenac sodium, it showed almost same activity. Conclusion: Experimental findings reveal Andrographis echioides is the best herbal to control specially S. typhi, E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae. The phytochemical constituents which are responsible for many pharmacological activities, may be useful for the evolution of pharmaceutical and for the therapy of ailments, and also can used as a an potent anti-inflammatory natural remedy without any side effect.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Ethanol Extract of Ipomoea staphylina Roem. & Schult

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53b33685 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

G. Kokila ◽

P. Jeevan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Human Beings ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In the present study we evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of medicinal plant Ipomoea staphylina Roem & Schult. Many bacteria are harmful to human beings and animals. Theses bacteria make diseases the host organisms. Many antibiotics are available in the marker for the treatment of bacterial diseases. However, antibiotics cause unwanted side effect. Thus, the study focused to evaluate ethanol extract of Ipomoea staphylina against bacterial pathogens. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the method of well diffusion method. Antiinflamatory and antioxidant activity was evaluated by in vitro study method. Ethanol extract of Ipomoea staphylina showed antibacterial activity against different bacteria isolated from chicken at dose depended manner ie., higher dose of plant extract possessed maximum inhibition zone (21.67 ± 1.45 mm) (P<0.05) against selected bacteria. Moreover, plant ethanol extract possessed anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant activity at dose dependent manner (P<0.05). Higher dose (100 μg/ml) of ethanol extract of Ipomoea staphylina showed maximum anti-inflammatory activity (68.38 %) and antioxidant activity (72%). From this result it is concluded that the medicinal plant Ipomoea staphylina Roem. & Schult. possessed antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Further detailed study will be conducted for the new drug candidate discovery.

Download Full-text

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CREAM CONTAINING MUNTINGIA CALABURA LEAVES EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21963 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 376

Author(s):

Mahendran Sekar ◽

Nur Syahira Abdul Jalil

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Stable State ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Muntingia Calabura

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to formulate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory cream using Muntingia calabura leaves extract.Methods: 500 g of matured leaves of M. calabura were extracted with 70% methanol using maceration method for a week. The antibacterial activity of the extract and formulated cream in different concentration was investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) through disc diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract and formulated cream was studied using inhibition of albumin denaturation technique.Results: The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract was studied in different concentrations (5, 10, and 25 mg/ml) and the formulated cream was studied in the concentration of (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml). The extract showed significant antibacterial activity with all the tested pathogens with a zone of inhibition ranges from 3.33 ± 0.88-14.60 ± 0.80 mm. As for the formulated cream, the zone of inhibition for F1 ranged from 0.67 ± 0.67 mm to 14.80 ± 1.17 mm. F2 presented zone of inhibition at 3.40 ± 1.64 mm to 15.00 ± 1.18 mm. The anti-inflammatory activity showed maximum inhibition of 63.93 ± 5.90, 41.83 ± 5.64, and 27.20 ± 2.72 was observed at 1000 μg/ml for the extract, F2 and F1, respectively. The cream was found to be in stable state after 2 months.Conclusion: The results showed that the formulated cream can be used for bacterial infections and to reduce inflammation. We recommend this formulation need to be further developed into commercial standards.

Download Full-text

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KUNYIT SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI DALAM PERTUMBUHAN Bacillus sp dan Shigella dysentriae SECARA IN VITRO

Jurnal Profesi Medika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.33533/jpm.v10i1.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuliati Yuliati

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Bacterial Cell ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Phenol Derivatives ◽

Turmeric Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Turmeric is a spice plants that acts as an antibacterial, because it contains a variety of compounds including curcumin and essential oil. Essential oils can be used as an antibacterial because it contains hydroxyl and carbonyl functional group which is phenols derivative. Te phenol derivatives will interact with the bacterial cell wall, then absorbed and penetrated into the bacterial cell, causing precipitation and denaturation of proteins, the result will lyse the bacterial cell membrane, while the antibacterial activity of curcuminis by inhibiting bacterial cell proliferation. Turmeric has launched a pharmacological eﬀect, lowering the fat content, asthma , hepatitis , anti- gall , anti- inﬂammatory , anti- diarrhea , and act as anti-inﬂammatory or anti-inﬂammatory. Turmeric has antibacterial properties of curcumin and essential oil that is capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria that causes diarrhea and Shigelladysenteriae Bacillus sp. Tis study was conducted to determine the eﬀectiveness of turmeric extract on the growth of Bacillus sp and Shigella dysenteriae, with various concentrations of 15%, 30%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by the well diﬀusion method. Based on theinhibition zone measurement of bacteria Bacillus sp and Shigella dysenteriaethe results were weak category, for the bacteria Bacillus sp with a concentration of 15 % , 30 % , 50 % , 75 % , and 100 % with a diameter of 11 ; 12.3 ; 13 , 3 ; 13.7 ; 14.7 mm, while for the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae with the same concentration has a diameter of 10.3 ; 11.7 ; 12.3 ; 13.3 , and 14.7 mm. Te conclusion of the study is that the antibacterial activity of turmeric extract is more effective against the bacteria Bacillus spthan against bacteria Shigella dysenteriae, although the diﬀerence was not signifcant.

Download Full-text

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI in vitro EKSTRAK HEKSANA-PETROLEUM ETER Artemisia cina Berg. ex Poljakov

Agric ◽

10.24246/agric.2015.v27.i1.p30-37 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Elizabeth B.E Kristiani ◽

Sri Kasmiyati ◽

Maria Marina Herawati

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Antibactrial Activity

The objectives of this reserch were to determine the antibacterial activity of hexane-petroleum ether (1 : 1 v/v) extract of Artemisia cinaBerg. ex Poljakov on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and its compounds. The design of the research was using completely Randomized Design in five concentration of extract that were 0, 50, 75, 100, 150, dan 200 mg/ml with four repliceted. Ethanol 60% was used as negative control and tetracycline as positive control. There were three steps of research. First step was extracted the plant using soxhlet method with hexane-petroleum ether (1:1 v/v). Second step was determined the antibacterial activity of hexane-petroleum ether (1:1 v/v) extract in various concentration of that extracts on E. Coli and S. aureus using agar diffusion method. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and was used to determined the significan different of diameter of inhibition between the treatments. Thirdsteps was phytochemical analysis of extract. The highest antibactrial activity on E. Coli was at 100 mg/ml whereas on S. Aureus at 150 mg/ml. That extract was contained flavonoid, alkaloid, essential oils, saponin, sterol, tritepene, hydrolized tannin, and coumarin.

Download Full-text

Dynamics to Enhance the Conservation of Locally Threatened Medicinal Plant Species (Maerua Oblongifolia) Through Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-757527/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mathewos Agize Ante ◽

Zemede Asfaw Woldemariam ◽

Sileshi Nemomissa Duguma ◽

Tizazu Gebre Alemayehu ◽

Mathewos Anza Alemu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Bark ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Threatened Medicinal Plant

Abstract Introduction: For generations, many plants were extracted to find drugs and to discover novel and new chemical structures from extracts. Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich, “Sangganaa” in Dawuro language is a locally threatened traditional medicinal plant, which is traditionally used to treat diarrhea. The present study aimed to check the chemical contents of the different plant parts for possible shifting of the extensive use of the root to other parts of the plant.Methods: Phytochemical screening tests were carried out by standard procedures to investigate various classes of secondary metabolites. Roots, root bark, stem bark, and leaves were extracted by maceration in aqueous and ethanol to get crude extracts. Antibacterial effect of extracts against Escherichia coli and Salmonella thypi was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, and proteins in the tested parts of the plant. Antibacterial activity displayed the extracts of M. oblongifolia against tested bacteria strains in dose dependent manner. Among tested extracts, roots and stem barks ethanol extracts showed potential antibacterial activity, with zone of inhibitions (19.0 ± 1.15, 17.0 ±1.00) in 100 mg/mL, and (17.3 ± 0.57, 15.0 ± 1.00) in 50 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The finding showed a possibility to shift stem bark instead of roots in the use of traditional medicinal practices to ensure conservation and sustainable use of Maerua oblongifolia. The finding also supports the traditional use of the plant’s root or stem bark for the treatment of diarrhea.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Rift Valley Fever Virus, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13020221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Garland K. More ◽

Raymond T. Makola ◽

Gerhard Prinsloo

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus endemic to sub-Saharan African countries, and the first sporadic outbreaks outside Africa were reported in the Asia-Pacific region. There are no approved therapeutic agents available for RVFV; however, finding an effective antiviral agent against RVFV is important. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plant extracts. Twenty medicinal plants were screened for their anti-RVFV activity using the cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method. The cytotoxicity assessment of the extracts was done before antiviral screening using the MTT assay. Antioxidant and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species’ (ROS/RNS) inhibitory activity by the extracts was investigated using non-cell-based and cell-based assays. Out of twenty plant extracts tested, eight showed significant potency against RVFV indicated by a decrease in tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) < 105. The cytotoxicity of extracts showed inhibitory concentrations values (IC50) > 200 µg/mL for most of the extracts. The antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory results revealed that extracts scavenged free radicals exhibiting an IC50 range of 4.12–20.41 µg/mL and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by 60–80% in Vero cells. This study demonstrated the ability of the extracts to lower RVFV viral load and their potency to reduce free radicals.

Download Full-text

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IMMUNO-MODULATORY EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA FLOWERS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i6.16285 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Venkatasthya Sai Appala Raju Velaga ◽

Nagaraja Suryadevara ◽

Lim Li Chee ◽

Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Negative Control ◽

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory activities of different solvent extracts of Moringa oleifera flowers using carrageenan-induced mice paw edema.Methods: Soxhlet extraction method was employed in this study to extract the crude phytochemicals. Phytochemical analysis testing of Moringa oleifera extracts was performed to identify the presence of various phytoconstituents based on the standard procedures. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acute inflammatory model carrageenan-induced paw edema. Three different flower extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol) of Moringa oleifera at the dose level of 500 mg/kg body weight. The anti-inflammatory activity on the different extracts of Moringa oleifera was determined through the α-carrageenan induced left hind paw oedema method in albino mice. 0.05 ml of 1% w/v carrageenan suspension was reconstituted with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) to give a homogenous solution which then be injected into the subplantar tissue of the left hind paw of each mice to induce acute inflammation.Results: Treatment with three different solvent extracts showed significant (p<0.05) inhibition in carrageenan-induced paw edema. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts were found to be less effective than methanolic extracts when compared to (Indomethacin) reference standard at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The phytochemical results obtained indicates that anti-edematous action of Moringa oleifera flowers exhibited in this study is due to the presence of potent anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents (flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin) in impeding arachidonic acid metabolism and production of reactive free radicals. A significant (p<0.05) increase of left hind paw thickness after the drug injection was noticed in the negative control mice group as time persisted. It showed the highest paw thickness at the fifth hour with 4.72 mm±0.07. Whereas the indomethacin treated group showed the highest percent oedema inhibition amongst all experimental group with 38.60% at the fifth-hour post-carrageenan induction. It exhibited a significant inhibition of 29.02% against the oedema after the third hour of carrageenan injection.Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera flowers extract has anti-inflammatory activity. This activity was related to the dose and these results collaborate the potential traditional use of the plant in folk medicine.

Download Full-text

Determination of In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Five Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2019/7431439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manikkuwadura Hasara Nethmini De Zoysa ◽

Hasanga Rathnayake ◽

Ruwani Punyakanthi Hewawasam ◽

Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Dilip Gaya Bandara Wijayaratne

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Hexane Extracts

Introduction. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. Scientists search for potential antimicrobial sources that can cope with antibiotic resistance. Plants used in traditional medicine can be identified as potential candidates for the synthesis of novel drug compounds to act against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objective. To determine the potential antimicrobial effects of ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts of five Sri Lankan medicinal plants against four human pathogens. Methods. Asparagus falcatus (tubers), Asteracantha longifolia (whole plant), Vetiveria zizanioides (roots), Epaltes divaricata (whole plant), and Coriandrum sativum (seeds) were used in the study. Plant extracts were screened against four clinically important Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disc diffusion method. Eight concentrations of each positive plant extract were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 5-fold dilution of plant extracts yielding a serial dilution of the original extract. Results. Ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts of E. divaricata gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 16.3 mm, 7.4 mm, and 13.7 mm and MIC values of 0.48 mg/ml, 1.2 mg/ml, and 1.6 mg/ml, respectively, against S. aureus. Ethanol and hexane extracts of V. zizanioides gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 12.1 mm and 11.4 mm and MIC values 2.4 mg/ml and 0.003 mg/ml, respectively, against S. aureus. None of the other plants were effective against any microorganism used for the study. Conclusions. It can be concluded that E. divaricata and V. zizanioides crude ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts exhibited significant in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and the active compounds isolated from them can be potential sources for the synthesis of antibacterial drugs.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial activity, metabolites and elemental analysis of Saussurea candicans C. B. Clarke

Current Botany ◽

10.19071/cb.2017.v8.3153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shweta Puri ◽

M.C. Sidhu ◽

Avantika Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Medicinal Activity

Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and water extracts of Saussurea candicans has indicated the presence of flavonoides, phenolics, tannins etc. that supports its use in traditional medicine both for human and animals in different parts of the world. S. candicans is a plant of medicinal interest hence selected for analysis. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the ethanol extract was found to be effective. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and studied for different phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoides, phenolics, steroids etc. and also for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectroscopy of whole plant powder were done to study the functional groups and elemental profile, respectively. The aqueous extract contains more (11) phytochemicals as compared to ethanol (9). No zone of inhibition was observed at different volumes of the extract i. e., 20μl, 50μl and 100μl but at 150μl and 200μl concentration of 230.7 mg/ml plant extracts, the zone of inhibition was reported. The dose of 150μl concentration active only against E. faecalis, whereas, 200μl concentration showed activity against all bacterial strains. Only the ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The medicinal activity of S. candicans is assumed to be because of the presence of different phytochemicals and elements. Further study can be conducted to understand the role of each and every reported phytochemicals and elements.

Download Full-text

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACALYPHA FRUTICOSA FORSSK.

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj149 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 72-74

Author(s):

Thambiraj J

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Bacterium Bacillus

The present study is to confirm the antibacterial efficacy of root extracts of the folklore medicinal plant species, Acalypha fruticosa by using three alcoholic solvents viz; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri,Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Servatia sp., Moraxetta sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. thuriengensis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae for assessing the antibacterial properties by adapting disc diffusion method. The results of the study revealed that all extracts showed varied degree of antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens. However, the methanol extract exhibited higher inhibition zone (21.83 mm) against the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. This result supports the therapeutic importance of the species, Acalypha fruticosa in curing infectious diseases and encourages the extensive use of this species in health carepractices.

Download Full-text