scholarly journals Study of the Acute Toxicity and Antipyretic Activity of the Aqueous Extract of the Bark Distemonanthus benthamianus Baill (Caesalpiniaceae: Leguminosae -Caesalpinioideae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
K. J. Kouadio ◽  
F. S. Ouattara-Soro ◽  
W. M. O. Tovi ◽  
K. B. Yao ◽  
M. GboGbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Healthy Control

Aims: Distemonanthus benthamianus is a widespread plant in West Africa. The bark of its stem is used popularly to treat a variety of illnesses, including fever, bronchitis, rheumatism and malaria. The objective of this work is to evaluate the antipyretic activity of the aqueous extract of the bark of Distemonanthus benthamianus. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract of the bark of D. benthamianus was tested for their acute oral toxicity in rats. Antipyretic activity was studied in rats of the Wistar strain made feverish after subcutaneous injection of an aqueous suspension of brewer's yeast (Saccharomycete cerevisiae) 20% compared to aspirin. Results: This study showed that administration of the extract at doses of 300, 2000 and 5000 mg / kg / kg dry extract in rats showed no acute toxicity or adverse effects. The results showed that the best antipyretic activity of the extract was recorded at a dose of 800 mg / kg, at the third hour, with a decrease in fever from 39.29 ± 0.14°C to 37.75 ± 0.25°C, i.e. a percentage inhibition of 57% against 62% for the standard molecule (p> 0.05). At this dose, CRP was 3.85 ± 0.1 mg / L compared to that of the healthy control which was 2.78 ± 0.35 mg / L. The results of the albumin assay did not show a significant difference between the treated and untreated fever groups and the healthy control group. In addition, the results showed that the leukocyte level in the feverish control rats is very high (18.84 103 / mm3 of leukocytes) compared to the healthy and treated control rats. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of the bark of Distemonanthus benthamianus is not oral toxic and has interesting antipyretic activities similar to aspirin. The results obtained confirm the validity of the traditional indication of this plant in the management of fever by African populations.

scholarly journals In vivo anti-psoriasis, anti-inflammatory activities and oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract from seeds of Ammi visnaga L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037
Author(s):  
Ez-zahir Abdeljaouad ◽  
Naya Abdallah ◽  
Seddik Nadia ◽  
Marnissi Farida ◽  
Belghmi Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ammi visnaga L (A.V.) is used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of kidney stones, diabetes and vitiligo. An in vivo anti-psoriasis, anti-inflammatory activities and oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract from seeds of Ammi visnaga L. was investigated. In the acute toxicity, the extract was administered orally in a single dose to rats (0- 2000-5000 mg/kg) and in the sub-acute toxicity daily for 28 days (0-300-600-1000 mg/kg/day). The symptoms of toxicity and mortality have been recorded daily and during 14 days of recovery with an examination of liver, kidney, hematologic, biochemical and histological analysis at the end of treatment. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by induction of oedema and the anti-psoriasis by induction of a psoriasiform-like skin phenotype by UV-B radiations. No mortality was observed after single gavages by a dose up to 5000 mg/kg and no signs of toxicity noted. Clinical and biochemical examination during 28 days of gavages at all doses showed no significant difference compared to control group, while a significant reduction in MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and P-LCR (platelet large cell ratio) (p <0.05), PDW (platelet distribution width) and MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) (p <0.01) was observed and histopathological examinations showed slight inflammation in the liver and kidneys for the higher dose. Percentage of inhibition of the oedema was near the positive control 50% for all doses tested. Treatment with A.V. extract had decreased the thickness of the skin induced by UV-B irradiation.  In conclusion, the LD50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg; therefore A.V. can be classified as non-toxic but if used in the long term can induce a slight toxicity dose dependant with high anti-psoriasis and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of Aristolochia longa L. of aqueous extract in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawel Merouani ◽  
Rachid Belhattab
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is widely used to treat breast cancer in Algerian traditional medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ingestion of aqueous extracts of different parts of the plant on liver and kidney functions in wistar albinos mice. Acute oral toxicity was performed to determine DL50, this toxicity was carried out by the oral administration in single doses of 0–12 g/kg for tubers aqueous extracts and 2 g/kg and 5 g/kg for aerial and fruit aqueous extract respectively.  General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 14 days. The animals were sacrificed and biochemical study was done. The acute oral toxicity result revealed that LD50 of the tubers and fruit aqueous extracts was respectively more than 12 g/kg and 5 g/kg, but DL50 of the aerial aqueous extract was at 5 g/kg. The result revealed also that liver and kidney function of different groups receiving high doses was affected as ASAT, ALAT, Urea, creatinine was significantly increased as compared to control group. Histological examination showed alterations of the renal parenchyma and the liver which is greater in animals treated with high dose. Thus, caution should be exercised with its usage. Keywords: Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, Histological examination Aristolochia longa L.

scholarly journals Investigation on Glucose and levels of Zn and Cu in Sera of Iraqi Males addicted on Methamphetamine or Tramadol

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Rulla Sabah ◽  
Ahmed saad abbas Fatin F.Al-Kazazz ◽  
Salam A.H Al-Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Addiction is the most critical form of Addiction. It is a chronic disease with a potential for fatality if not treated. In this work, 180 samples of male individuals were collected in this study. They classified into three groups, groups:  G1 who were healthy control; G2 who was addicted to methamphetamine (meth); G3 who was addicted to tramadol (Tra). Each group consists of 60 heavy smokers Iraqi male individuals in the age range of 18-43 years. The results showed a highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in the level of Glucose of the two addicted groups in comparison with the healthy group. A highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) could be seen in the level of Zn of the two addicted groups G2, G3 compared to the control group, while the level of Cu of the two addicted groups were highly significant increased (p<0.0001). Also, the results showed a highly significant difference (p<0.0001) in BMI for the studied groups, G2, G3 in comparison with the control group. All addictive individuals under this study were at normal weight depending on their BMI.  

scholarly journals Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Patients with RetinalArtery Occlusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Atum ◽  
Gürsoy Alagöz
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and plateletto- lymphocyte (PLR) ratios in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) with those from a healthy control population and to identify the relationship between them. Methods: Forty-six patients with RAO and fifty-one healthy control subjects were included in this retrospective case-control study. RAO was diagnosed following an ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiography (FA). Blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts were recorded for each of the 97 subjects, from which NLR and PLR values were calculated. Results: There were 46 patients (28 male [M], 18 female [F]) in the RAO group and 51 patients (27 M, 24 F) in the control group. No significant differences were found between patients with RAO and the control subjects in terms of gender and age (P > 0.05). Patients with RAO had significantly increased NLR values (2.85 ± 1.70) than the control subjects (1.63 ± 0.59, P < 0.001). The mean PLR in patients with RAO was 123.69 ± 64.98, while that in control subjects was 103.08 ± 36.95; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.055). A logistic regression analysis revealed that NLRs were 3.8 times higher in patients with RAO than in control subjects (odds ratio = 3.880; 95% confidence interval = 1.94 to 7.74; P < 0.001). Conclusion: NLRs were significantly increased in patients with RAO compared to the control subjects.

scholarly journals A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽  
Povi Lawson-Evi ◽  
Yendubé T. Kantati ◽  
Tchin Darré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory, Apoptosis Induction and Antitumor Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Calvatia Craniiformis in Mice Transfected with Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214
Author(s):  
Ghassan Hamdan Jameel ◽  
Ali Ibrahim Ali AL-Ezzy ◽  
Ibrahim H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Tumour Mass ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Immunomodulatory, apoptosis induction and antitumor effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Calvatia craniiformis regarding the size of tumour mass, caspase-8 expression and apoptotic index (AI%) in mice transfected with murine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (H22) as an experimental therapeutic system for human hepatocellular carcinoma.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight Balb/C albino mice were transfected in legs with H22 cells. Tumour size was measured twice a week. Caspase-8 protein expression and apoptotic index determination evaluated by Immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Tumor size significantly differed between the two groups of mice transfected with H22 cells; the first was treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg and the second group was treated with C. craniiformis methanolic extract (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg compared with control group. The inhibitory activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts was dose and duration dependent. The size of the tumour mass was reduced up to 87.9% when treated with 1.2 mg/kg aqueous extract and 1 mg/kg for methanolic extract. Caspase-8 expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner among H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg. At 0.3 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.6 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%) with a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). H22 bearing mice treated with (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg C. craniiformis methanolic extract shows increased caspase-8 expression in a dose-dependent manner. At 0.25 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.5 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%). At 1.0 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (16.67%) and very strong in (83.33%) with significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). AI% of H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous and methanolic extracts were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the untreated control group. No significant difference was reported in AI% between aqueous and methanolic extracts treated groups.CONCLUSIONS: Extracts of C. craniiformis were highly efficient in tumour growth inhibition, causing a reduction in the tumour size clinically and increase the expression of caspase-8 gene product in tumour tissue, causing increase apoptotic index of H22 cells taken from the legs of inoculated mice leading to loss of legs due to bone necrosis. Antitumor activity of C. craniiformis aqueous, and the methanolic extract was dose and duration dependent.

CAT-21 A/T Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Breast Cancer Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Kevin Owen ◽  
Siti Syarifah ◽  
Mutiara Indah Sari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Breast Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: Oxidative stress induced cancer cell formation. Gene polymorphism plays roles in carcinogen metabolism, antioxidant and DNA repairing pathway was susceptibility to oxidative stress. This study aim to determine the association between CAT-21 A/T polymorphism with breast cancer susceptibility. Methods: Case control study was conducted on 65 breast cancer patient and 65 healthy control group. The whole blood samples were isolated from 65 breast cancer patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and 65 healthy control group. The CAT-21A/T polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP procedure. PCR-RFLP product was electrophoresed and visualized in agarose 4%. Results:The AA CAT-21 genotype were lower in breast cancer (BC) than healthy control (HC) group (31/47.7% vs 40/61.5%), in the contrary AT+TT genotype was greater in BC than HC group (34/52.3% vs 25/38.5%) with (p=0.159, OR=1.755, CI=0.874–3.525). A allele CAT-21 were found lower in BC than HC group (89/68.5% vs 105/80.8%) then T allele were greater in BC than HC group (41/31.5% vs 25/19.2%) with (p=0.033, OR=1.935;CI=1.022-3.428). Conclusions: There was significant difference in allele distribution of CAT-21 A/T between case and control group but no in genotype distribution. In this population study showed that allele of CAT -21 A/T polymorphism could represent as a risk factor to breast cancer. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 79-84

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat IŞIKAY ◽  
Nurgül IŞIKAY ◽  
Halil KOCAMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marsh Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background Familial Mediterranean Fever and celiac disease are both related to auto-inflammation and/or auto-immunity and they share some common clinical features such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating and flatulence. Objectives We aimed to determine the association of these two diseases, if present. Methods Totally 112 patients diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever and 32 cases as healthy control were included in the study. All participants were examined for the evidence of celiac disease, with serum tissue transglutaminase IgA levels (tTG IgA). Results Totally 144 cases, 112 with Familial Mediterranean Fever and 32 healthy control cases were included in the study. tTG IgA positivity was determined in three cases with Familial Mediterranean Fever and in one case in control group. In that aspect there was no significant difference regarding the tTG IgA positivity between groups (P=0.81). Duodenum biopsy was performed to the tTG IgA positive cases and revealed Marsh Type 3b in two Familial Mediterranean Fever cases and Marsh Type 3c in the other one while the biopsy results were of the only tTG IgA positive case in control group was Marsh Type 3b. In HLA evaluation of the celiac cases; HLA DQ2 was present in two celiac cases of the Familial Mediterranean Fever group and in the only celiac case of the control group while HLA DQ8 was present in one celiac case of the Familial Mediterranean Fever group. Conclusions We did not determine an association of Familial Mediterranean Fever with celiac disease. Larger studies with subgroup analysis are warranted to determine the relationship of these two diseases.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Meryem Slighoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

scholarly journals Vitamin K2 Supplementation Does Not Affect Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors Activity in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1843-1843
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Ruijun Ren ◽  
Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Objectives Vitamin K is generally regarded as a procoagulant drug with physicians, concerns have been raised about its effects on hemostasis in the healthy population. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin K2 affects activities of individual vitamin K dependent coagulation factors in healthy individuals without anticoagulation treatment. Methods Forty healthy volunteers between 25 and 40 years old were recruited. They received 90 μg of vitamin K2 every day for 30 days. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (FIB) levels and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activity levels (F II : C, FⅦ : C, FⅨ : C,FⅩ : C), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), which is uncarboxylated prothrombin were measured at day 0, and day 30 after vitamin K2 administration. Plasma diluted 1:10 from vitamin K2 group and healthy control group were assayed for the activity of factors II, VII, IX, and X. Results PT, APTT, TT, and FIB did not show significant difference at day 30 when compared with baseline. The activities of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X was not significantly different with baseline (97.28 ± 12.42% vs. 99.96 ± 10.24%, P = 0.24 for F II: C; 76.12 ± 15.82% vs. 76.40 ± 12.33%, P = 0.92 for FⅦ: C; 97.65 ± 13.98% vs. 99.65 ± 13.30%, P = 0.47 for FⅨ: C; 89.18 ± 10.76% vs. 92.01 ± 10.46%, P = 0.1 for FⅩ: C) . PIVKA-II levels were not changed with 30 days vitamin K2 supplementation (21.62 ± 3.21 vs. 23.87 ± 2.65 mAU/ml, P = 0.16). After 30 days vitamin K2 administration, factor II, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, and Ⅹ activity of plasma diluted up to 10 times were proportionally decreased, and did not show significant difference with the healthy control without vitamin K2 exposure (10.32 ± 1.24% vs. 10.97 ± 1.55%, P = 0.38 for F II: C; 9.52 ± 2.94% vs. 9.14 ± 1.79%, P = 0.68 for FⅦ: C; 11.78 ± 2.12% vs.11.65 ± 1.54%, P = 0.87 for FⅨ: C; 8.22 ± 1.28% vs. 8.92 ± 1.13%, P = 0.21 for FⅩ: C). Conclusions Vitamin K2 supplementation at recommended dosage does not affect vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors activity in healthy subjects. Uncarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II) in healthy individuals is not decreased with vitamin K supplementation. Funding Sources None.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document