scholarly journals In-vitro Antivenom Potential of Solanum dasyphyllum Methanolic Leaf and Fruit Extracts against Naja nigricollis Venom

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Adewunmi Rofiat Funmilola ◽  
Gidado Abubakar ◽  
Zanna Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

Solanum dasyphyllum belongs to the family of plants called Solanaceae, it is commonly called "Africa eggplant" and one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of snake envenomation in the southwestern part of Nigeria, but investigation concerning its anti-venom activity has not been established. The present study evaluates the in-vitroenzyme inhibition potential of S.dasyphyllum leaf and fruit extracts against Naja nigricollis (Black-necked spitting cobra) venom. The inhibitory potential of S. dasyphyllum leaf and fruit on proteases, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes present in the snake venom was evaluated. The methanolic leaf and fruit extracts of S. dasyphyllum inhibited the activity of all enzymes evaluated, however, the leaf extract exhibited better enzyme inhibitory effect on N. nigricollis venom when compared with the fruit. This could be due to the presence of various phytochemicals in leaf and fruit extract.  This result substantiates the ethnomedicinal usage of S. dasyphyllum and would help to develop potent antidote therapy against N. nigricollis envenomation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF OCIMUM CANUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Kumari Smita
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

Objective: The present investigation was designed to study the inhibitory effects of methanolic leaf extract of Ocimum canum (O. canum) on α-glucosidase using in vitro model followed by an assessment of bioactive compounds.Methods: The methanolic leaf extract was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method and partially purified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Each band was subjected to α-glucosidase inhibition study. The positive bands were further characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) micro mass spectrometer.Results: Out of the several combinations of solvent systems, toluene, ethyl acetate and formic acid combination in the ratio of 7:2:1 revealed 5 bands on the TLC sheet. Among all the TLC bands, 2 bands (band A and B) showed the significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity. HPLC analysis of band A and B revealed the presence of two important polyphenolic compounds, namely rosmarinic acid (RA) and ursolic acid (UA). Q-TOF micromass spectrometer analysis revealed the percentage availability of RA, caffeic acid, tartaric acid, quercetin and other polyphenolic components in the bioactive bands.Conclusion: The study revealed that methanolic leaf extract of O. canum exhibits potent inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity might be attributed to the presence of the polyphenolic compounds like RA and UA. Therefore, this finding can lead to the development of natural α-glucosidase inhibitors by the O. canum leaf extract.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of Dichapetalum gelonioides (Roxb.) Engl. (Dichapetalaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
GS Priyanka ◽  
Nitish A Bharadwaj ◽  
MB Sachin ◽  
TR Prashith Kekuda
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Poisoned Food Technique ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objectives: Dichapetalum gelonioides (Roxb.) Engl. belongs to the family Dichapetalaceae. In the present study, we investigated antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of leaf and fruit of D. gelonioides. Methods: Maceration process was carried out for extraction of leaf and fruit of D. gelonioides. Agar well diffusion method was employed to evaluate antibacterial activity of extracts against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Poisoned food technique was performed to investigate antifungal activity of extracts against two seed-borne fungi. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing assays.  Results: Both leaf and fruit extracts were effective in causing inhibition of all test bacteria. Highest and least inhibitory activity was observed against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli respectively. Both Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris sp. were inhibited to >50% by leaf and fruit extracts. Extent of inhibition of Bipolaris sp. was slightly higher when compared to A. niger. Both leaf and fruit extracts showed a dose dependent scavenging of DPPH radicals with high activity being showed by leaf extract. Leaf extract was shown to exhibit marked reducing potential than fruit extract. Conclusions: Overall, leaf extract was shown to be more effective in displaying antioxidant activity and causing inhibition of bacteria and fungi when compared to fruit extract. The results indicate that the plant possess active principles which are to be purified, characterized and subjected for antimicrobial and antioxidant assays in further studies. Keywords: Dichapetalum gelonioides, Maceration, Agar well diffusion, Poisoned food technique, DPPH, Ferric reducing

Comparison the effects of Sambucus ebulus leaf and fruit extracts on Leishmania major in-vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Kadkhodamasoum ◽  
Farahnaz Bineshian ◽  
Amir KarimiPour ◽  
Pooya Tavakoli ◽  
Masoud Foroutan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Sambucus Ebulus ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Ic50 Concentration

Background;: Leishmaniasis is one of the major diseases caused by the intracellular parasite of Leishmania. It has become one of the most dangerous health problems today. Our aim of the present study is to compare the effects of Sambucus ebulus leaf and fruit extracts on Leishmania major in vitro. Methods: In this study, we used MTT, promastigote and amastigote assay to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the extract on parasite and we compared their effects. The flow cytometry technique was also used to detect the apoptotic effect of the extracts on promastigotes. Results: According to MTT experiment IC50 concentration of leaf and fruit extracts on parasite was 157 μg/ml and 265 μg/ml, respectively. After analysis by flow cytometry, leaf and fruit extracts also showed apoptosis effect. Leaf and fruit extract caused 40.2 and 2.67 percent apoptosis. Conclusion: Based on the above assessment, we determined that the S. ebulus leaf extract has a more toxic effect on promastigotes and amstigotes than its fruit extract and maybe in the future that be used as a drug candidate.

scholarly journals A novel in vitro method to detect inhibitors of protein glycation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
HKI Perera ◽  
DCR Wijetunge
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

Background: Protein glycation generates advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic complications associated with diabetes. Identifi cation of medicinal plants with protein glycation inhibitory potential will enhance the opportunity to delay or inhibit diabetic complications with minimum side effects. Techniques available to identify protein glycation inhibitors require expensive specialized equipment. Objective: Objective of this study was to develop a relatively simple in vitro method to identify the protein glycation inhibitory potential of compounds or medicinal plants. Methods: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was incubated with different concentrations of glucose or fructose or ribose for 31 days at pH 7.4. Standard inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) was used as a positive control. Effect on the BSA migration under different experimental conditions was compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions (PAGE). Murraya koenigii leaf extract was analyzed for its effect on protein glycation. Results: We demonstrated many aspects of protein glycation including the effect of sugar concentration, type of the sugar and incubation period on protein glycation using this comparatively simpler method, which was previously, demonstrated using more sophisticated and expensive equipment. Migration of the BSA band towards the anode was proportionate to the degree of protein glycation. Further, we were innovative in demonstrating the inhibitory effect of AG on protein glycation using PAGE. BSA migration was comparatively slower when AG was included in the presence of sugar, indicating its inhibitory effects. We also revealed the protein glycation inhibitory potential of Murraya koenigii leaf extract, which was greater than that of AG at the concentrations used in the study. Conclusion: We have developed novel simple in vitro method using PAGE to identify inhibitors of protein glycation. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 15-21 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.8670      

Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit of Alangium salviifolium L. (Cornaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 2745-2749
Author(s):  
Lavanya D ◽  
Pooja Rao ◽  
Soundarya S ◽  
Surabhi T.S ◽  
Prashith Kekuda T.R
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objectives: Alangium salviifolium L. is one of the medicinally important plant belonging to the family Cornaceae. The present study evaluates antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit extracts of A. salviifolium. Methods: Extraction of shade dried and powdered leaf and fruit was carried out by maceration technique. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and poisoned food technique, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by antiradical (DPPH and ABTS assays) and ferric reducing assays. Results: Both leaf and fruit extracts displayed inhibitory activity against test bacteria. Fruit extract was shown to be more effective against test bacteria when compared to leaf extract. Leaf extract was more effective in causing inhibition of mycelial growth of test fungi when compared to fruit extract. Both leaf and fruit extracts scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently and exhibited ferric reducing activity. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated the potential of leaf as well as fruit of A. salviifolium to exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant activities which justifies the traditional medicinal uses of the plant.

scholarly journals The Anti-Aging Potential of Extracts from Chaenomeles sinensis

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Itoh ◽  
Manami Yamaguchi ◽  
Keita Shigeyama ◽  
Ikuyo Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Collagenase Activity ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Chaenomeles Sinensis ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Collagenase Inhibition

The Chaenomeles sinensis fruit is used as an effective antitussive agent, analgesic, and diuretic in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been reported that C. sinensis fruit extracts have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there are very few reports about the effects of C. sinensis extracts on skin. In this study, we investigated the effect of C. sinensis extracts on skin aging. The results of in vitro assays showed that whole fruit extracts of C. sinensis had superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and inhibited the activity of dermal extracellular matrix proteases: Elastase and collagenase. The inhibitory effect of the whole fruit (containing seeds) extract on elastase activity was higher than that of the sarcocarp (seeds removed) extract. Further, the sarcocarp extract showed a higher level of SOD-like activity and a greater inhibitory effect on collagenase activity than the whole fruit extract. In particular, among the three activities studied, the sarcocarp extract showed the most significant inhibitory effect on collagenase activity at low concentrations. The polyphenol-rich fraction obtained from the sarcocarp showed significant collagenase inhibition. Based on these results, we concluded that phenolic compounds from C. sinensis sarcocarp have the potential to protect against skin aging through anti-collagenase activity.

Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Veronica O. Odubanjo ◽  
Fatai Bello ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽  
Sunday I. Oyeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Natural Treatment

AbstractAvocado pear (The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of FeThe extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID.The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Daya Hambat Larutan Antiseptik Povidone iodine dengan Ekstrak Daun Sirih terhadap Candida albicans secara In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septriana Putri ◽  
Aziz Djamal ◽  
Rahmatini Rahmatini ◽  
Cimi Ilmiawati
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Povidone Iodine Solution

Abstrak Candida albicansb (C. albicans) adalah salah satu mikroorganisme penyebab masalah kesehatan reproduksi wanita, yaitu keputihan (fluor albus). Penggunaan larutan povidone iodine dan bahan alam seperti ekstrak daun sirih menjadi pilihan masyarakat sebagai pembersih alat kewanitaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkandaya hambat larutan antiseptik povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih terhadap jamur C. albicans secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap lima isolat jamur C. albicans dengan larutan kontrol akuades.Perlakuan terdiri dari povidone iodine, ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa povidone iodine memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans. Ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 5% dan 10% tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans, namun ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 20% memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans. Analisis statistik dengan uji ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Post-hoc menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara daya hambat larutan povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih 20% terhadap kontrol(p < 0.05).Larutan povidone iodine memiliki daya hambat dua kali lebih besar terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans dibandingkan ekstrak daun sirih 20%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa larutan povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih 20% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur C. albicans secara in vitro. Kata kunci: povidone iodine, ekstrak daun sirih, Candida albicansAbstract Candida albicans (C. albicans) is one of the frequent causes of  reproductive health problems in women, namely vaginal discharge (fluor albus). The antiseptic solution, povidone iodine, is still an option to overcome vaginal discharge. The use of natural materials such as betel (Piper betle L.) leaves extract also become a popular choice as adouche for women. The objective of this study was to compare the inhibitory activity of povidone iodine solution and betel leaf extract against the growth of C. albicans in vitro. We used five different isolates of C. albicans with distilled water as control. Each isolate was treated with povidone iodine solution, betel leaf extract at concentration of 5%, 10%,and 20%. The results showed that povidone iodine had inhibitory effect on C. albicans. Betel leaf extract at concentration of 5% and 10% did not have inhibitory effectwhile betel leaf extract at concentration of 20% hadinhibitory effect on C. albicans. Analysis by ANOVA followed by Post-hoc tests showed a significant difference in inhibitory activity of povidone iodine and betel leaf extract at 20% concentration compared to control (p < 0,05). Povidone iodine solution showed twice as much as inhibitory effect on C. albicans compared to betel leaf extract (20% concentration). It is concluded that povidone iodine solution and betel leaf extract at 20% concentration can inhibit the growth of C. albicans in vitro.Keywords: povidone iodine, betel leaf extract, Candida albicans

scholarly journals Assessment of in vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Capacities of Medlar (Mespilus germanica)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Sebnem Selen ISBILIR ◽  
Sevilay Inal KABALA ◽  
Hulya YAGAR
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Β Carotene

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effect of different parts of medlar including fruit, leaf and flower bud by using various in vitro methods, and also determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content in the samples. Ethanol extracts of medlar parts were prepared and their antioxidant activities were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH•) scavenging and β-carotene bleaching methods. The leaf extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity. DPPHradical scavenging activity was in the order of BHA > leaf > bud > fruit. This ordering was the same for β-carotene bleaching activity, tocopherol > leaf > bud > fruit. The highest total phenolic (60.3 ± 1.69 mg GAE g-1 extract) and flavonoid (14.77 ± 1.15 mg QE g-1 extract) content were determined in leaf extract. For possible antidiabetic effects of extracts, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were investigated, the bud extract showed the highest inhibition activities among the all extracts.

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