scholarly journals Amelioration of Chemical Induced Hepatic Injury by Vitex agnus castus ExtractAmelioration of Chemical Induced Hepatic Injury by Vitex agnus castus Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Rotimi Sunday Ajani ◽  
Nyerhovwo Abijah Akpovwovwo ◽  
Theophilus A. Jarikre ◽  
Benjamin O. Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase

Objective: The liver is the major organ of detoxification of ingested materials such as food, beverages and drugs, thus it is prone to toxicity with attendant pathologies. We studied the ability of Vitex agnus castus plant extract to ameliorate the biochemical and structural alterations in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were allotted into eight equal groups. Group1 was normal control (NC); Group 2 Liver injury without extract (LI). The remaining six groups were paired composite group of varying dosage of the plant extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg). Only one member of each pair had induced liver injury. Consequently, the groups were Low extract without liver injury (LE), Low extract with liver injury (LEL); Medium extract without liver injury(ME)  Medium extract with liver injury (MEL) and High extract without liver injury (HE),High extract with liver injury (HEL).The biochemical parameters evaluated were the liver function test {Total protein plus globulin and albumen fractions; liver enzymes- alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase}. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the activities of antioxidants namely; Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).Histology of the harvested liver specimens was used to assess the structural alterations. Results: The mean liver weight was highest in the HEL group and significantly different from that of its control (HE) and NC.The mean serum total protein of all the groups were significantly higher than that of the NC.The mean aspartate amino transferase levels of the LEL, ME and MEL groups were significantly lower than that of the control while that of the HEL was significantly higher than those of the LEL and MEL. The results of alanine amino transferase were similar to those of aspartate amino transferase. The alkaline phosphatase levels in all the experimental groups were significantly depressed when compared with the control. Amongst the experimental groups, the serum alkaline phosphatase level was significantly raised than those of the LEL, and MEL groups. The glutathione (GSH) activities of LE, HE and HEL were significantly lower. While the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity of the control was significantly lower to those of groups LEL, ME, MEL and HEL.Histopathology of the liver showed preservation of the liver architecture with normal hepatocytes in all the groups. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Vitex agnus castus was able to reduce the severity of carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in wistar rats.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALCOHOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Shweta Sharma ◽  
Mehta Bk
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

ABSTRACTObjective: In this investigation, the comparative hepatoprotective effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Syzygium cumini (AESC and EESC,respectively) was studied on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in rats. These findings were also compared with the standardhepatoprotective drug silymarin.Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single dose of CCl4 to healthy Wistar rats. Standard drug (100 mg/kg) and test extracts (500 mg/kg forboth) were given orally for 10 days; the effects were observed using different biochemical and histological methods.Results: In most of the studied parameters test extracts exhibited significant hepatoprotection, these were comparative to standard. Histologicalanalysis also revealed the protective nature of both the extracts.Conclusion: These results suggest that the SC extracts can ameliorate CCl4 induced hepatic injury. However, its ethanolic extract was found to berelatively less effective than aqueous extract. Indicated, some hydrophilic active compound of SC might work here.Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Carbon tetrachloride, Silymarin, Syzygium cumini, Alkaline phosphatase, Total bilirubin.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective efficacy of edible macrofungi Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein) and Schizophyllum commune (Fries) against Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Amar Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
M. P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Marker Enzymes

In the present study the hepatoprotective efficacy of two edible macrofungi Dacryopinax spathularia and Schizophyllum commune has been assessed against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats. The administration of CCl4(1ml/Kg) resulted into significant (p<0.05) rise in the levels of liver function marker enzymes Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin and decrease in the levels of total protein and albumin in blood. On administration of low dose (250mg/Kg) and high dose (500mg/Kg) of both macrofungal extracts in different hepatotoxic group of rats, the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin significantly (p<0.05) lowered down and the levels of total protein and albumin significantly (p<0.05) increased in comparison to the hepatotoxic group of rats, reflecting the hepatoprotective impact of both the extracts.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Roots of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr., on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatic Injury in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Nair ◽  
S. R. Suja ◽  
V. Vilash ◽  
A. L. Aneeshkumar ◽  
S. Rajasekharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Ethanol Extract

scholarly journals Toxic Effect of Ladosulfan-Pesticides on Biochemical Indices of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Indices

ladosufan is an insecticide extensively used in agriculture for pest control. The 96h LC50 estimated from probeit analysis was 1.89mg/L. Sub lethal concentrations of 1/10th (0.19 mg/L),1/5th (0.49mg/L) and 1/2th (0.95mg/L) of LC50 were used to determine the effects of the ladosulfan -pesticide on biochemical parameters at day 1, 7, 14 and 21exposure periods. Water quality test was determined on pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, hardness and alkalinity. The results show that biochemical parameters viz; Total Protein, Alkaline Phosphatase ALP, Alanine Transferase ALTAspartate Amino Transferase (AST) concentrations increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in time and concentration dependent manner. The biochemical parameters concentration had higher values in treated samples than control. The total protein increased from (8.80±0.002b -9.20±0.103b) at 0.19 mg/L, (9.20±0.102a –9.70±0.103c) at 0.48 mg/L and (9.27±0.152a –9.80±0.103c) at 0.95 mg/L of ladosulfan when compared with the control (7.67±0.931c –9.06±0.763c ); Alkaline Phosphatase increased from (60.00±0.002a -86.00±1.001b) at 0.19 mg/L, (62.00±1.002b –88.00±1.001c) at 0.48 mg/L and (65.00±1.001a –92.00±1.002d) at 0.95 mg/L of endosulfan when compared with the control (40.00±1.002a–53.67±5.511a) ; Alanine Transferase also increased from (30.00±1.002a -40.00±1.001c) at 0.19 mg/L, (35.00±1.002a –54.00±1.001a) at 0.48 mg/L and (38.00±1.002b –89.00±1.001d) at 0.95 mg/L of ladosulfan when compared with the control (22.33±2.083c –27.33±2.882b) ; Aspartate Amino Transferase increased from (64.00±1.002b -87.00±1.001c) at 0.19 mg/L, (66.00±1.002c –88.00±2.001d) at 0.48 mg/L and (68.33±0.582c –90.00±1.001d) at 0.95 mg/L of ladosulfan when compared with the control (63.00±2.002b –68.00±1.001b) ; respectively. The results indicate that commercial formulation of ladosulfan is toxic to C. gariepinus, the insecticide should be prudently used in both terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems to avoid eco-toxicological hazards.

Comparative assessment of biochemical parameters of Hariana, Hardhenu and Sahiwal breeds 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Gera and Jyoti Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Assessment

Present study was conducted on seventy two cattle of three groups’ viz., Hardhenu strain of cross bred cattle, Sahiwal and Hariana breeds comprising twenty four animals of each group/breed. The biochemical assessment was based on assay of sodium, potassium, chloride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), bilirubin (total and direct) and triglycerides parameters. Triglycerides, ALP, creatinine and potassium ion concentration were found to be higher in Hariana while direct bilirubin, ALT and sodium ion concentration were comparatively higher in Hardhenu. However, Albumin, calcium and glucose were observed to be at higher concentration in Sahiwal.

Hepatoprotective effect of germanium-containing Spirulina in rats with d-galactosamine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orie Yoshinari ◽  
Yoshiaki Shiojima ◽  
Kiharu Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Significant Protective Effect

In the present study, the protective effects of dietary Spirulina (SP) and germanium-containing Spirulina (GeSP) were compared in rats with liver injury induced by an intraperitoneal injection of d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS). Wistar rats were fed one of the following diets: the basal diet (GalN/LPS-CON group; n 6), the basal diet supplemented with 5 % SP or GeSP (GalN/LPS-SP and GalN/LPS-GeSP group, respectively; n 7 each). After administering these diets for 7 d, each rat was intraperitoneally injected with GalN/LPS. Increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were suppressed in the GalN/LPS-GeSP group (GalN/LPS-CON v. GalN/LPS-GeSP: ALT 1052 (sem 187) v. 509 (sem 88) IU/l and AST 2183 (sem 368) v. 1170 (sem 196) IU/l) following the injection of GalN/LPS. Plasma levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and TNF-α in GeSP-fed rats were significantly lower when compared with those in the GalN/LPS-CON group (GalN/LPS-CON v. GalN/LPS-GeSP: IFN-γ 142·8 (sem 17·5) v. 66·8 (sem 9·7) pg/ml and TNF-α 72·3 (sem 15·4) v. 31·2 (sem 6·8) pg/ml). However, the decrease in these levels observed in the GalN/LPS-SP group was not as prominent as those observed in the GalN/LPS-GeSP group. Furthermore, the increase in liver catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, as well as the level of oxidised glutathione (GSSG), was more suppressed in GeSP-fed rats (GalN/LPS-CON v. GalN/LPS-GeSP: CAT 457 (sem 47) v. 262 (sem 54) U/mg liver protein; GPx 1·30 (sem 0·11) v. 0·53 (sem 0·09) U/mg liver protein; GSSG 2·18 (sem 0·33) v. 1·31 (sem 0·24) mmol/kg liver) after the injection of GalN/LPS. These changes were more pronounced in the GalN/LPS-GeSP group than in the GalN/LPS-SP group. These results suggest that GeSP could afford a significant protective effect in the alleviation of GalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage. In addition, the results indicate that GeSP is more effective than SP.

scholarly journals TOXIC-ALIMENTARY MODEL OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN RATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
B. B. Osipov ◽  
A. N. Lyzikov ◽  
A. G. Skuratov ◽  
A. A. Prizentsov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Injection Control ◽  
Toxic Liver Injury ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: to design an experimental model of liver cirrhosis in rats and to compare it with the carbon tetrachloride model of liver injury. Material and methods. White Wistar rats (n=30) were used as objects for modeling of toxic liver injury. The modeling was performed by the designed toxic-alimentary method (experimental group, n=15) and by means of the carbon tetrachloride injection (control group, n=15). The animals were sacrificed at different terms (8, 12 weeks after start of the modeling and 3 months after termination of the modeling), and the morphological and morphometric state of the liver was studied. Results. The designed toxic-alimentary model of liver injury leads to liver cirrhosis 8 weeks after start of the modeling (reproducibility - 93.3 %). The reproducibility of liver cirrhosis in case of using the carbon tetrachloride model 8 weeks after start of the modeling is 26.7%, which is proved by statistically lower thickness of connective-tissue septa in the liver in the control group in comparison with the experimental group (p=0.016, Mann Whitney U test). The designed toxic-alimentary method ensures shorter timing of the modeling of liver cirrhosis (from 12 weeks in the control group to 8 weeks in the experimental group) and also lower reversibility of liver fibrosis signs 3 months after termination of the modeling in comparison with the carbon tetrachloride model of liver injury. Conclusions. The designed toxic-alimentary model of liver injury leads to liver cirrhosis 8 weeks after start of the modeling. The developed model ensures shorter timing of the modeling of liver cirrhosis, increased reproducibility as well as lower reversibility of liver fibrosis signs 3 months after termination of the modeling in comparison with the carbon tetrachloride model of liver injury.

Carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in Mini and Wistar rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Shimizu ◽  
Koji Uetsuka ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakayama ◽  
Kunio Doi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Acute Liver Injury
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