Study on Vegetative Propagation of Elionurus latiflorus (Nees Ex Steud.) Hack

Early Growth Phase

Aims: Elionurus latiflorus (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. commonly known as Brazilian lemongrass is a medicinal plant native to Brazil. Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of number of tillers/vegetative unit of transplants on biomass production in a period of 480 days. Study design: The experiment was conducted by using completely randomized design with three treatments i.e. plants transplanted with one tiller (T1), plants transplanted with 2 tillers (T2) and plants transplanted with 3 tillers (T3). These treatments were replicated eight times where transplantations were done in polybags which containing mixture of soil, dung and carbonized rice in 3:1:1 ratio. These polybags were kept for 160 days in greenhouse and pruning was done in every plant by maintaining 5 cm of the plant biomass for its regrowth. Duration of Study: This experiment was carried out over 16 months. Methodology: Every plant seedling was submitted to a cut maintaining approximately 5 cm of the plant biomass for its regrowth. After each pruning, survival percentage, increment in the number of tillers propagated, rise of plants height, fresh as well as dry mass weight were evaluated. Results: Lower initial number of main stems influenced survival only in the early growth phase after transplantation with a loose of 73% of the population transplanted with an unique main stem. Survival kept a constant value without plant mortalities in the successive 320 days evaluated after the first pruning. The number of tillers propagated weren’t affected significantly by the number of initial main stems in a single period. In the other hand, in the comprehensive period of the experiment there was a change with mean variation from 9.68 to 36.75. Height decreased the mean from 102.82 cm to 26.66 cm. Fresh and Dry Plant Mass increased from 5.19 g/plant to 11.47 g/plant and from 2.17 g/plant to 4.93 g/plant respectively, P˂0.05. Conclusion: This study even if elementary represents a required approach for the domestication of the species avoiding the waste of time and plant material for successive propagation works. It represents a suggestion for further research work in greenhouses with this specie for a validation of these results.

Safflower genotypes submitted to soil density levels

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v9i2.2977 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153

Author(s):

Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽

Juliana Tertezinha Sasso Paludo ◽

Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽

William Fenner ◽

Maurício Dutra Zanotto

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Soil Density ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Crop Development ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

The Mean ◽

It is essential to have knowledge of changes in soil structure, as a result of agricultural use and its relationship with crop development, especially those with potential for use in new regions, such as the cultivation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the Cerrado. In view of this dynamics, the objective was to evaluate the phytometric components of safflower genotypes submitted to levels of soil densities in Cerrado Oxisol. Ten safflower genotypes were then submitted to compaction (five densities: 1.0, 1, 2, 1.4, and 1.8 Mg m-3) in a completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. The plots consisted of an overlap of three rings of polyvinylidene chloride of 0.01 m height each, and the treatments were applied in the intermediate layer. The phytometric components (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) and shoot dry mass of the crop were evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. There was no significant interaction between safflower genotypes and soil densities, with the effects being isolated for genotypes and/or densities when significant. For the phytometric characteristics evaluated, the genotypes PI250196, PI301049, PI305173, and PI305205 are more stable about the variations of soil density in comparison to the others. The phytometric components and dry mass of safflower shoot are impaired from the mean density of 1.2 Mg m-3.

Effect of Indolebutyric Acid Immersion Period on the Rhizogenic Process of Guava Cuttings (Psidium guajava L.) Cultivar Século XXI

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v32i530120 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jussara Cristina Firmino Da Costa ◽

Rejane Maria Nunes Mendonça ◽

Gerciane Cabral Da Silva ◽

Silvanda De Melo Silva ◽

Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immersion Time ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Research Work ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Root Number ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Immersion Period ◽

In the rhizogenic process, the immersion time of the base of the cuttings to be propagated in plant regulators depends on the concentration of the solutions, the cultivar to be used and the type of cutting required. Therefore, this research work has as objective to investigate which immersion time, in solution with indolebutyric acid promotes a greater rooting in herbaceous cuttings of guava cultivar Século XXI. The experiment was distributed in the completely randomized design, being defined as treatments the immersion times (5, 10, 15 and 20 seconds) of the base of the cuttings in the solution of indolebutyric acid - IBA at the concentration of 2000 mg L-1, with three replicates and 10 cuttings per plot. In relation the variable dry mass of the aerial part, this presents a favorable response to the different immersion times in indolebutyric acid. Diverging of the variables cuttings rooted, live without root, number of roots, root length, callus, sprout, leaf retention and mortality which were not influenced by the different immersion times of the base of the cuttings in the plant regulator. Concluding that the different times of immersion of the base of the cuttings do not influence in the rhizogenic process of herbaceous cuttings of guava cultivar Século XXI. For the variable dry mass of aerial part, the immersion time of 5 seconds in the concentration of 2000 mg L-1 in AIB, present the better results when compared to the other concentrations.

Comparative Effect of Horse Dung and Pig Dung on The Early Growth of Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild) Seedlings

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i3.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 433-438

Author(s):

O.D. Ayeni ◽

M.O. Ojo ◽

B.O. Okumodi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Research Work ◽

Early Growth ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Top Soil ◽

Nauclea Diderrichii ◽

The research work examined the effect of horse dung and pig dung on the early growth of Nauclea diderrichii seedling. The experiment was carried out at the back of library of Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan. The experiment consisted of five treatments which were replicated nine times in a completely Randomized design (CRD). The following materials were used: Topsoil, Polythenepot, seeds of Nauclea diderrichii, Horse dung and pig dung, sieve, wheel barrow, venier caliper, ruler, field record book and pen. Data on the number of stem girth, height, leave production and leave area were recorded fortnightly starting from a week after transplanting. The data collected were analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result revealed that 15g of horse dung + 2kg of top soil had the highest mean number of height value of 12.49cm followed by 10kg of horse dung +2kg of topsoil,(10.15cm). While topsoil only had the least mean number of height (8.25cm). The result further showed the highest mean stem girth (0.30cm) followed by 0.27cm and produced least mean stem girth of 0.24cm in treatments T12, T1 and T5 respectively. Also, in the leaf production the result revealed that 15g of horse dung +2kg of topsoil had the highest mean number of 16.69cm followed by treatment one 12,56cm and topsoil only produce the least mean leaf production of 9.40cm. The result further showed highest mean leave area (134.50cm2 ) followed by treatment one 124.60cm2 and (T5) produced the least mean leaf area of 108.06cm2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for plant height, stem girth, leaf production and leaf area also indicated that the treatment applied Nauclea diderrichii seedlings showed no significant effect. Generally 15g of horse dung + 2kg of topsoil produced the best result in terms of plant height, stem girth, leaf production and leave area of Nuclea diderrichii seedlings, hence treatment two (T2) is best suitable for raising Nuclea diderrichii seedlings. Keywords: Forest, Horse dung, Pig dung, Nauclea diderrichii

Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582010000300008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 515-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.C.R. Dias ◽

S.J.P. Carvalho ◽

L.W. Marcolini ◽

M.S.C. Melo ◽

P.J. Christoffoleti

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ability ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Total Density ◽

Weed Species ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Commelina Benghalensis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000300003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. V. SILVA ◽

P. A. MONQUERO ◽

F. B. SILVA ◽

N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽

M. R. MALARDO

Keyword(s):

Ricinus Communis ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Sugarcane Straw ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

Managment of sulphur fertilizer in forage sorghum crop cultivated in eutrophic Cambisol with alkaline pH

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1530 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1258-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago Henrique Ferreira Matos Castañon ◽

Boanerges Freire de Aquino ◽

Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽

Izabel Maria Almeida Lima ◽

Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Single Superphosphate ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sulphur Fertilizer ◽

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of soil fertilization with sulfur-based fertilizers, sulfate and elemental sulfur forms on biomass production, nutrient characteristics of sorghum and soil chemical properties. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (four sulfur sources: single superphosphate, agricultural gypsum, elemental sulfur powder and elemental sulfur granulated with bentonite, and four sulfur doses: 0, 40, 80, 120 mgdm-3) using four replications in a completely randomized design, being cultivated in pots under greenhouse conditions. The sorghum was cultivated for a period of 51 days after emergence of the seedlings. The shoot dry mass, shoot macronutrients content, root and soil and pH of the soil were evaluated. There were interactions between sources and sulfur doses in the variables such as shoot dry mass, sulfur in the root, sulfur and calcium in the soil. Elemental sulfur (granulate) showed lower concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur and N:S ratio in the shoot. The concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium did not show significant differences, both for the shoot and the root. The pH of the soil was reduced depending on the sources and doses of elemental sulfur. The sources and doses of sulfur did not influence the levels of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil. The elemental sulfur in the form of powder is the best source of sulfur for forage sorghum cultivated in soil with alkaline pH.

Broccoli yield in response to top-dressing fertilization with green manure and biofertilizer

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2011000500016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas ◽

Márcio Sousa Rocha ◽

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽

Letícia Monteiro da Silva Freitas ◽

Leandro de Almeida Resende

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Organic Compost

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of broccoli under different top-dressing organic fertilizations. The experiment was conducted under protected cultivation, in a completely randomized design with four replications, with two plants per experimental unit. Broccoli seedlings were produced in a commercial substrate in styrofoam trays. The seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing 10.0 L of substrate made up of subsoil and organic compost at the ratio of 3:1 (v/v), respectively, which is equivalent to about 20.0 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting. After seedling establishment, the top-dressing fertilization treatments were applied: gliricidia biomass associated or not with liquid biofertilizer of cattle manure to the soil and bokashi. Two control treatments were established: one with mineral fertilization recommended for the crop and the other without top-dressing fertilization. The broccoli production was evaluated (commercial standard). Plants that received mineral fertilizer were more productive, however, they were not significantly different (p>0.05), by Dunnet test, from the plants fertilized with 2.5 t ha-1 gliricidiabiomass (dry mass) associated with liquid biofertilizer (2.0 L m-2) applied to soil. Top-dressing fertilizations with only gliricidia, at 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 of biomass (dry mass), resulted in no significant increase in production of broccoli inflorescence. The use of bokashi in addition to gliricidia biomass and liquid biofertilizer reduced the efficiency of the fertilization compared with plants that received only gliricidia and liquid biofertilizer.

Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Castor Cultivars for Heavy Metals from Soil

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

M.J. KHAN ◽

N. AHMED ◽

W. HASSAN ◽

T. SABA ◽

S. KHAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Metal Uptake ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Contaminated Sites ◽

Heavy Metal Uptake ◽

Randomized Design ◽

ABSTRACT: Phytoremediation is a useful tool to restore heavy metals contaminated soils. This study was carried out to test two castor (Ricinus communis) cultivars [Local and DS-30] for phytoextraction of heavy metals from the soil spiked by known concentrations of seven metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). A pot experiment was laid out by using a completely randomized design. Soil and plant samples were analyzed at 100 days after planting. The data on heavy metal uptake by plant tissues (roots, leaves and shoots) of the two castor cultivars suggested that a considerable amount of metals (Fe = 27.18 mg L-1; Cu = 5.06 mg L-1; Cr = 2.95 mg L-1; Mn = 0.22 mg L-1; Ni = 4.66 mg L-1; Pb = 3.33 mg L-1; Zn = 15.04 mg L-1) was accumulated in the plant biomass. The soil heavy metal content at the end of experiment significantly decreased with both cultivars, resulting in improved soil quality. Therefore, it is concluded that both castor cultivars, Local and DS-30, can be used for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites.

Seleksi Toleransi Kekeringan In Vitro terhadap Enam Belas Aksesi Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena L. ) dengan Polietilena Glikol (PEG)

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.6.1.20-28 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Erna Sinaga ◽

Megayani Sri Rahayu ◽

Awang Maharijaya

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to study the effect of several concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the in vitro growth of eggplant, to find the appropriate PEG concentration for in vitro selection to drought tolerance of eggplant and the drought tolerant eggplant accessions. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factor. The first factor was concentration of PEG (0, 5, 10, and 15%) while the second factor was eggplant accessions (Kania F1, 001, 007, 013, 016, 030, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069, 071, 072, 078, 085, and 090). The results showed that the addition of PEG to in vitro media significantly affected the survival percentage, the percentage of callus, developed the bud and the number of leaves of eggplant. Addition of PEG 10 and 15% in media can be used as the drought tolerance selective agent of eggplant in vitro. Kania F1, 001, 007, 016, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069, 071, 072, 078, 085, and 090 were eggplant accessions which might be tolerant to drought.Keywords: in vitro selection, solanaceae, tissue culture, tolerant, drought ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh beberapa konsentrasi polietilena glikol (PEG) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman terung in vitro, mendapatkan konsentrasi PEG yang dapat digunakan untuk seleksi tanaman terung secara in vitro dan nomor terung toleran terhadap cekamankekeringan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi PEG terdiri atas 0, 5, 10, dan 15%. Faktor kedua adalah nomor terung terdiri atas enam belas nomor (Kania F1, 001, 007, 013, 016, 030, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069, 071, 072, 078, 085, dan 090). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan PEG pada media in vitro memberikan pengaruh nyata dan sangat nyata terhadap persentase hidup eksplan, persentase eksplan berkalus, pertambahan tinggi tunas, dan jumlah daun tanaman terung. Media PEG 10 dan 15% merupakan media yang dapat digunakan untuk seleksi kekeringan tanaman terung in vitro. Nomor terung Kania F1, 001, 007, 016, 034, 035, 055, 057, 069, 071, 072, 078, 085, dan 090 merupakan nomor-nomor terung yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan.Kata kunci: kultur jaringan, seleksi in vitro, solanaceae, toleran kekeringan

Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Avelino Faleiro ◽

Diego Martins Chiapinotto ◽

Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽

Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽

Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Radiation Factor ◽

Factor B ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Factor C ◽

Resource Conditions ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.