scholarly journals Proximate and Microbiological Quality of Roasted Plantain, Its Sauce, Fish and Side Vegetable Sold in Rivers State University and Its Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Obinna-Echem, Patience Chisa ◽  
Eze, Simeon Christian
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
State University ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Back Gate ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Rivers State

The proximate composition and microbiological quality of roasted plantain, its sauce, fish and side vegetable sold in River State University and its environment were investigated. The samples were purchased from four different locations namely staff club (SCL), shopping complex (SHC), back-gate (BGT) and maingate (MGT). Using standard methods, the samples were analyzed for proximate and microbiological quality. The values for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate were 53.30 - 57.22 %, 2.94 - 3.73 %, 9.26 - 10.13 %, 2.34 - 3.67 %, 11.62 - 13.41 %, and 15.42-20.07 % respectively. The energy varied from 206.76-229.93 kcal/100g. For all the samples from all locations, aerobic count varied from 5.31 - 7.98 Log10CFU/g for plantain and fish. Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus ranged from 4.06 - 7.42, 5.48 - 7.41 and 5.31 -7.90 Log10CFU/g respectively, while Coliform and fungi count varied respectively from 5.01 - 7.57 and 5.01 - 7.33 Log10CFU/g. The leave had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the highest microbial load. The microbial load exceeded the acceptable limits for ready to eat foods and can be attributed to poor hygiene practices. Some samples except the leave had no detectable levels of the pathogens and fungi. The presence of pathogens indicates potential hazard to the health of consumers,  hence the need awareness on proper handling and hygiene practices among street food vendors. 

scholarly journals Microbial quality of beef and hygiene practices in small and medium slaughterhouses and butcheries in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Kyayesimira ◽  
Wangalwa Rapheal ◽  
Grace Kagoro Rugunda ◽  
Lejju Julius Bunny ◽  
Morgan Andama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Beef Carcass

Abstract Background If hygiene practices along the beef processing nodes at small and medium enterprise (SME) slaughter houses and butcheries are not observed, they may pose a health risk due to microbial contamination. In SME slaughterhouses and butcheries, the risk may be higher due to transmission of foodborne pathogens. This study determined the hygienic practices and microbial quality risk among meat handlers (MH) in SME slaughterhouses and butcheries. Methods Assessment of microbiological quality of beef was carried out at slaughter houses and butcher shops in the districts of Western, Central and Eastern regions of Uganda. A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to January 2018 using observation checklists to record unhygienic practices among the various actors. Microbial load at slaughter and butchery was determined from a total of 317 swab samples collected from carcass, tools, protective clothing and hands of meat handlers. The microbiological quality of beef was evaluated using standard microbiological methods. The samples were inoculated into differential and selective media. Results Butcheries had the highest microbial load on beef carcass ranging from 4.76 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 7.90 log 10 cfu/cm 2 Total Viable Counts (TVC) while Total Coliform Counts (TCC) ranged from 1.42 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 3.05 log 10 cfu/cm 2 , E. coli ranged from 0.68 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 1.06 log 10 cfu/cm 2 and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 3.25 log 10 cfu/cm 2 to 4.84 log 10 cfu/cm 2 . Salmonella was absent in all the samples analysed. Results of overall microbial quality of beef in Uganda indicated that only TCC (1.60±0.26 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ) of the beef carcass samples at slaughter houses was not significantly above the safe level (p = 0.693). Overall microbial load (TVC, TCC, E. coli and S. aureus ) at butcheries were significantly (p < 0.05) above the safe level. Butcheries of Mbale district had the highest percentage (70%) of beef carcass samples above the TCC safe levels whereas butcheries of Mbarara district had the highest percentage (40%) of beef carcass samples above the E. coli safe levels. TVC from hands and clothes at butchery across the three study districts varied significantly (p=0.007) with the highest counts (7.23 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ) recorded from personnel clothes and lowest (5.46 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ) recorded from hands. On the other hand, swab samples picked from chopping board and working table at the butchery did not show significant variation in TVC, TCC, E. coli and S. aureus microbial loads across the three study districts. Conclusion Hygienic handling of carcasses after slaughter is critical in preventing contamination and ensuring meat safety in informal meat trading sectors in Uganda. Handling practices of beef at Ugandan slaughterhouses and butcheries are not hygienic hence not up to standard and they contribute to microbial contamination of beef posing a risk to consumers. The distribution stage is the most critical period, during which the quality of meat can easily be compromised.

Impacts of Vending Practices on the Microbiological Quality of Bread in the Ojoo Area of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Oluwadara Oluwaseun Alegbeleye ◽  
Wasiu Akinloye Oyebisi Afolabi ◽  
Beatrice Oluwatoyin Opeolu ◽  
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Bacillus Flexus ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Quality Of Food

Background: Bacterial counts in ready-to-eat foods are a key factor in assessing the microbiological quality and safety of food. Periodic assessment of the microbiological quality of food is necessary to develop a robust database and help to ensure food safety. </P><P> Methods: The bacterial contamination of a total of 336 bread samples collected from two bakeries and 10 vendors in Ojoo Area of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria (December 2014 -June 2015) was evaluated. The microbiological quality of the bread loaves was investigated using standard microbiological methods (morphological, phenotypic and molecular characterization). </P><P> Results: The results showed that the number of contaminated samples among the vended bread samples was higher than the bakery bread samples and can be summarized as Bacillus megaterium (4.30%), Staphylococcus arlettae (0.005%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.78%), Citrobacter freundii (2.40%), Bacillus flexus (1.64%), Bacillus species (49.59%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.12%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.92%), Pseudomonas species (0.045%), Escherichia coli (30.44%) Klebsiella sp. (0.040%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (3.72%). </P><P> Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the bread samples which become contaminated after transport and handling can be considered a potential hazard to human health in the area. More stringent adherence to food safety regulations should be encouraged and enforced by the appropriate authorities. The findings of this study may be adopted to improve the hygienic conditions of bread distribution chain in the area as well as in other regions of the World.

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

scholarly journals Influence of lucerne and meadow hay quality on the digestibility of nutrients in the roe deer

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sommer ◽  
M. Vodňanský ◽  
P. Petrikovič ◽  
R. Požgaj
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

It was confirmed in metabolic experiments with 4 individuals of roe deer (2 males and 2 females with the live weight of 20.8 and 17.9 kg, respectively) that due to the animals&rsquo; selective choice of a part of feeds there was no significant difference in the intake of lucerne hay of different quality and high-quality meadow hay (515.86 &plusmn; 66.97 and 597.82 &plusmn; 94.87 g, respectively). However, different quality of lucerne hay influenced the animals&rsquo; intake of crude protein and crude fibre. When the animals were fed meadow hay, they took in significantly less crude protein and fibre and significantly more nitrogen-free extract, fat and ash. Digestibility of crude protein was observed to be significantly decreased in hay of lower quality (by 10.1%). Digestibility coefficients for crude protein, crude fibre, organic matter and fat were significantly lower in grass hay compared to lucerne hay. Based on the coefficients of nutrient digestibility it can be stated that meadow hay, even if of excellent quality, is not a suitable supplement for the roe deer. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Improving quality of rice straw through treatment with urea and midden soil for large animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
M Akter ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MA Akbar ◽  
M Asaduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Group A ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Large Animals

Twelve indigenous growing cattle (live weight 130.00 ± 1.67 kg) were selected and divided into four groups having three animals in each group. Group A, B, C and D supplied 3.0% urea + 2.0% midden soil, 3.0% urea + 3.0% midden soil, 3.0% urea + 4.0% midden soil and 3.0% urea + 5.0% midden soil treated rice straw. In addition to this all the animals were supplied 2 Kg green grass, 450 g concentrate mixture and 40 g salt per 100 kg body weight. Rice straw treated with 3.0% urea+ 2.0% midden soil resulted an improvement in crude protein content of rice straw from 3.30 to 7.08% which was further increased by 7.40, 7.90 and 8.14% treatment with 3.0% urea + 3.0% midden soil, 3.0% urea + 4.0% midden soil and 3.0% urea + 5.0% midden soil respectively. The addition of 5.0% midden soil as a urease source with 3.0% urea (D) treated rice straw not only significantly (P<0.01) increased the coefficient of digestibility of DM, CP, CF, EE and NFE but also significantly (P<0.05) increased the coefficient of digestibility of OM than other treatments. Digestible organic matter (DOM), crude protein (DCP), digestible crude fibre (DCF), digestible nitrogen free extract (DNFE) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents were significantly (p<0.01) higher in diet D in comparison to diet A, B and C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15770 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 29-34

scholarly journals Microbiological lettuce quality evaluation from traditional, organic and hydroponic growing process

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Greici Bergamo ◽  
Eliezer Avila Gandra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Hygiene

Objective of the study: to evaluate the microbiological quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in three different cultivation: organic, hydroponic and traditional. Sixty lettuce samples commercialized in Videira – SC were analyzed. Microorganisms investigated: Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., total coliforms e Escherichia coli. The results showed the absence of Salmonella spp. for all samples. Present of Listeria spp. was found in 16,7% of the samples. Total coliforms e Escherichia coli count varied from <1x101 - 2,8x105 and <1x101 - 1x103, respectively. Traditional and hydroponic farming lettuce samples presented 100% of total coliforms. Escherichia coli analysis occurred in 22,2% of the samples traditional farming, 11,1% hydroponic farming and none in organic farming vegetables. Statistically, we found no significant relation between microbiological contamination and king of growing used in the vegetables production. The strains of the Listeria, total coliforms and Escherichia coli found in the samples indicated hygienic and sanitary quality and so it is important that good hygiene practices are taken from the manufacturing process until the moment of consumption.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Grasshoppermeal as an Alternative to Fishmeal for Fish Feed Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
I. G. Olaleye ◽  
P. E. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The purpose of this study is to determine the proximate composition and mineral content of grasshopper meal as an alternative feedstuff of animal source to substitute fishmeal in the production of fish feed. Grasshoppers were gotten from the market irrespective of size, they were de-winged and processed into powder. The biochemical content (proximate composition and mineral content) were analyzed. The proximate composition of edible grasshopper meal was assessed using A.O.A.C standard. The result obtained were 64.51%, 5.1%, 94.9%, 1.0%, 5.49%, 17.0% and 12% for crude protein content, moisture content, dry matter, ash, nitrogen free extract, crude fibre and ether extract respectively. The essential mineral content of grasshopper meal was also assessed and the result obtained were 0.55%, 0.12%, 0.1%, and 0.73% for calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium respective. The quality of nutrients and mineral composition of grasshopper meal makes it a good dietary supplement for fish and could be used in fish feed production.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STORAGE MATERIALS ON THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon Esculentum) POWDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
RUKAYAT OLADIPUPO ◽  
K. A. Yusuf ◽  
G. Salawu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Foil ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Storage Materials ◽  
Tomato Powder

The effect of storage materials on the quality of tomato powder was studied. Fresh, firm and matured red tomatoes were washed, sorted and sliced to a uniform thickness of 5mm. The sliced tomatoes were pre-treated by dipping in 1% calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 0.2% potassium metabislphite (KMS) solution for 10 minutes at room temperature. 200g each of the sample was dried at temperatures of 600C until equilibrium moisture content was attained. The dried tomatoes were ground into powder and stored in Black polyethylene [BPE], White polyethylene [WPE], and Laminated Aluminium Foil [LAF] pouches for 6 weeks. The moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre, fat, total ash, and vitamin C of the tomato powder were determined using the method prescribed by AOAC. The carotene contents were determined by HPLC. The proximate analysis was repeated after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6weeks of storage.  There was an increase in moisture content and ash content after 6 weeks of storage while a decrease in value of protein, fat and vitamin C content occurred after the storage period. All the parameters measured were best retained by the laminated aluminium foil (LAF) compared to black polyethylene (BPE) and white polyethylene (WPE) packaging material for the entire period of the study.

scholarly journals Proteolytic and lipolytic microbiota of refrigerated raw milk from northeast and southern regions of Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Carlos Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Joyce Bitencourt Atayde Lima ◽  
Kleydejany Lima de Lemos ◽  
Livia Cavaletti Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Ronaldo Tamanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The State ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms

<p>The shelf life of milk and milk derivatives is directly related to the microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk. Spoilage microorganisms with proteolytic and/or lipolytic properties are primarily responsible for the decrease in the quality of milk, which is reflected in the shelf life of pasteurized milk and all derivatives. The aim of this study was to determine the spoilage microbial load of refrigerated raw milk from the northeast and southern regions of Brazil, which have different climatic and technological conditions of production. We evaluated 46 samples of milk from the state of Paraná in the southern region, and 10 samples of milk from the state of Maranhão in the northeast region, totaling 56 samples collected from November 2013 to November 2014. The producers of Paraná were divided into large (20) or small (26) according to the average daily production. All producers of Maranhão were considered small (&lt;500L/day). The proteolytic and lipolytic microorganism counts were conducted in milk agar and tributyrin agar, respectively. Milk from the large producers of Paraná had average counts of 1.4 × 104 CFU/mL for proteolytic microorganisms and 1.2 × 103 CFU/mL for lipolytics microorganisms, significantly (p &lt;0.05) lower than the small producers in the same state, and the producers of Maranhão. Producers of Maranhao had counts of 1.1 × 105 CFU/mL for proteolytic microorganisms and 2 × 105 CFU/mL for lipolytic microorganisms, with the proteolytic count significantly lower than that of small Paraná producers. The amount of proteolytic and lipolytic spoilage microorganisms in milk is influenced by the adaptation of the microorganisms to cold, promoted by the cooling of milk, which is practiced less frequently in the country’s northeastern region. The amount of spoilage microorganisms is also affected by the implementation of milking hygiene practices, which reduce contamination. Such practices are more frequently and efficiently implemented among large producers with more advanced technology, which can improve the microbiological quality of raw milk, thus increasing the shelf life of pasteurized milk, and reducing problems in UHT milk as well as milk derivatives. </p>

Nutritive contents of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. (Guttiferae) forage in sylvopastoralism in southeastern agroecological zone of Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Onyenso ◽  
K.A. Nwobodo ◽  
A.M. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Agroecological Zone

Nutrition is one of the major constraints to livestock production in the tropics. This research aimed at assessing the nutritive contents of Allanblackia floribunda leaves from different sylvopastoralism locations in the southeastern agroecological zone of Nigeria: Ikwuano L.G.A. in Abia state, Ikom L.G.A. in Cross River state and Eleme L.G.A. in Rivers State. Leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine their nutritive contents. The results of the proximate, minerals and vitamins analysis of Allanblackia floribunda leaves from Ikwuano, Ikom and Eleme as follows; crude protein: 9.51%, 8.46%, 9.86%; fat: 4.64%, 3.69%, 4.19%; Crude fibre: 17.32%, 15.24%, 17.12%; ash: 5.26%, 4.10%, 4.50%; carbohydrate: 0.46%,0.41%, 0.46% and moisture: 10.07%, 9.90%, 9.60%. For the mineral contents, calcium:14.70mg/100g,14.6970mg/100g, 15.37mg/100g; magnesium: 11.20 mg/100g, 11.33 mg/100g, 10.40 mg/100g; phosphorus: 287.88 mg/100g, 280.53 mg/100g, 290.05 mg/100g; potassium: 217.67 mg/100g, 219.12 mg/100g, 220.13 mg/100g and sodium: 21.07 mg/100g, 21.70 mg/100g, 20.67 mg/100g. For the vitamins, vitamins C: 15.25 mg/100g, 11.73 mg/100g, 14.66 mg/100g; thiamine: 0.04 mg/100g, 0.06 mg/100g, 0.04 mg/100g; riboflavin: 0.06 mg/100g, 0.06 mg/100g, 0.04 mg/100g; niacin: 0.18 mg/100g, 0.22 mg/100g, 0.16 mg/100g. The Anova results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate, minerals and vitamins contents, and such could reflect the variation in the types of soil and water availability in the areas. Generally, Allanblackia floridunda leaves are good source of forage for livestock. Keywords: Nutritive contents, Allanblackia floribunda leaves, sylvopastoralism, southeastern agroecological zone

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