scholarly journals Screening of Carica papaya Seeds for Pharmacologically Bioactive and Nutritionally Beneficial Substances for Optimization of Its Nutraceutical Potential

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
V. H. A. Enemor ◽  
O. F. Nworji ◽  
U. C. Ogbodo ◽  
O. R. Ngwu ◽  
E. C. Orji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Papaya seeds, though rarely eaten, are used in folk medicine around the world. This study analysed the seeds to evaluate their nutritional and phytochemical content using standard methods. Proximate analysis showed the seeds are a good source of carbohydrate (48.91% ± 0.69) and protein (24.33% ± 0.74). Essential minerals such as iron (70.16 mg/kg ± 0.08), selenium (12.50 mg/kg ± 0.08), and calcium (26.96 mg/kg ± 0.08) are present in the seeds at optimal quantities. Amino acid and vitamin analysis indicated that papaya seeds are rich sources of vitamin A (117.28 ± 2.09 mg/kg), B6 (37.70 ± 1.84 mg/kg), D (27.60 ± 3.96 mg/kg), K (119.81 ± 15.88 mg/kg), and all essential amino acids. Phytochemical analysis of the seeds revealed forty-three bioactive compounds including acetic acid and pyrrole, both of which have antimicrobial properties. From the above analytical results, it was revealed that papaya seeds have nutraceutical properties and can be used, in the appropriate quantity as a food or health supplement or an adjunct animal feed.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILE AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SEAHORSE Hippocampus comes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-617
Author(s):  
Evi Maya Sari ◽  
Mala Nurilmala ◽  
Asadatun Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis

Seahorse is one of the marine living  resources usually used as ornamental fish, traditional medicinal materials, and souvenirs. The purpose of the study was to determine the proximate composition of wet and dry seahorses, determine the profile of amino acid hydrolyzate and powder of seahorses, and determines to content of bioactive compounds from the ethanol extract of seahorses on qualitatively. The sample of this study is seahorses obtained from nature. Prviously, seahorses were morphometric identified, subsequently, seahorses were made of the powder, hydrolyzate, and ethanol extract. Several analyzes used were qualitative analysis of proximate, amino acid, and phytochemical analysis. Morphometric identification results indicate that the type is Hippocampus comes. The proximate composition is water content is 66.16 ± 0.33% (wet) and 10.33 ± 0.16% (dry), ash content of 9.55 ± 0.15% (wet) and 9.65 ± 0.16% (dry), lipid content 1.18 ± 0.23% (wet) and 4.89 ± 0.37% (dry), protein content of 22.73 ± 0.17% (wet) and 69.83 ± 0.31% (dry), carbohydrate 0.39 ± 0.23 (wet) and 5.50 ± 0.34 (dry). The amino acid composition both on hydrolyzate and powder comprising 9 essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalaline, valine, methionine, histidine, arginine, and threonine and 6 non essential amino acids are tyrosine, alanine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The results of identification of bioactive compounds is flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and phenol of hydroquinone. Keywords: Hippocampus comes, proximate analysis, amino acid, and bioactive compounds

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition and GC-MS Phytochemical Analysis of Thaumatococcus daniellii Leaves

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A. V. Iwueke ◽  
N. J. Ejekwumadu ◽  
E. C. Chukwu ◽  
J. A. Nwodu ◽  
C. Akalonu
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Laboratory Technology ◽  
Thaumatococcus Daniellii

Aims: There is a high risk associated with using artificial materials like polyethylene or foil for wrapping foods before cooking. The present study investigated the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Thaumatococus daniellii leaf, a local food wrapper. Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, between April and May 2018. Methodology: The phytochemical compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while proximate and vitamin composition was determined using standard analytical methods.  Results: The GC-MS phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of eight (8) bioactive compounds 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, d-Glycero-d-idoheptose, Cyclopentane,1-ethyl-1-methyl-, 6-Octyl-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, 2-Octenal, E- Octane,1-chloro-,2-Acetoxy-1,1,10-trimethyl-6,9-epidioxydecalin and Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol,2,6,6-trimethyl-,(1α,2β,3α,5α)- while vitamin assay results showed that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contained 3.1mg/100g of vitamin A, 1.07 mg/100 g  vitamin B1, 1.32 mg/100 g  vitamin B3, 1.11 mg/100 g of vitamin B5, 16.34 mg/100 g of vitamin B6, 11.86 mg/100 g of vitamin B12 and 25.19 mg/100 g of vitamin C. Result of proximate analysis indicates that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contains 10.15% ash, 9.67% moisture, 20.41% protein, 11.42% lipids, 13.78% fibre and 34.57% carbohydrate. Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves contain bioactive compounds, an appreciable number of vitamins and high nutritional constituents. Hence Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves can be incorporated into animal feed, taking into cognizance the high protein, fat and vitamin contents. These suggest that it may play critical medicinal and nutritional roles and probably be a safer alternative to polyethylene paper and aluminum foil wraps; hence justifying its local usage as food wrapper. The leaves may also serve as a lead for the production of a healthier material for wrapping local foods.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Larvasidal Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) dan Daun Mindi (Mella Azedarach)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Agus Saputra ◽  
Dewi Fesbayati Lestari Djungu ◽  
Emerlinda P. Gelalan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Papaya Seed

Helminthiasis is an adverse disease. This disease is caused by parasites such as trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. The search for bioactive compounds from various plants that have anthelmintic activity is carried out by various researchers. Papaya seeds and mindi leaf have been known as a good plants for health. Various studies shown that extracts water, ethanol and chloroform have activity for antimicrobial, antilipidemia, antidiabetic and antiparasitic. In this study the extraction of secondary metabolites from mindi leaf and papaya seeds was carried out for larvicidal activity. From the results of extraction with ethanol, the yields of mindi leaf and papaya seeds were obtained 19.97% and 12.97% respectively. Phytochemical analysis shows that both extracts have the same class of compounds tannins, saponins, phenolhydroquinones, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The difference is in the concentration of tannin and saponin mindi leaf higher than papaya seeds. In testing larvicidal activity, the extract of mindi leaf had a stronger activity compared to papaya seeds. Extract mindi leaf 15% has the strongest activity of killing larvae at ± 25 minutes. This activity is stronger than extract papaya seed 15% which is ± 125 minutes or with albendazole 0.03%, ± 46 minutes

Antimicrobial properties of tannin extracts as animal feed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Štumpf ◽  
G Hostnik ◽  
M Leitgeb ◽  
M Primožič ◽  
U Bren
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Bryophyllum Pinnatum: A Review on Medicinal Benefits and Potent Bioactive Molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 978-992
Author(s):  
Punit Kumar ◽  
Sujata Malik ◽  
Kashyap K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Background: Since its inception, people are using herbal extracts as natural remedies for the treatment of various diseases. Bryophyllum pinnatum, also known as the air plant, is a well-recognized herb used in folk medicine. It is native to Madagascar and further planted in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. It is known for the profusion of miniature plantlets which arise from the margins of phylloclade. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the information regarding local and traditional uses, pharmacological activities and different phytochemicals reported from leaves extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of the literature about Bryophyllum pinnatum available in different online databases, such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, etc. In this review, authors have focused on ethnopharmacological importance and phytochemicals present in Bryophyllum pinnatum and their structure. The structures of the phytochemical were prepared by the ChemDraw tool. Results: This plant is used as a traditional herbal medicine around the globe due to medicinal properties like; anthelmintic, immunosuppressive, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant and antipyretic. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds like; alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, glycosides, bufadienolides, lipids, and organic acids, etc. which are associated with different medicinal properties. Conclusion: Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses diverse pharmacological importance and remarkable medicinal properties. Investigators have reported a large number of phytochemicals exhibiting different medicinal properties and correlation of medicinal properties.

Diterpenes from Euphorbia myrsinites and Their Anti-inflammatory Property

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Grauso ◽  
Bruna de Falco ◽  
Giuseppe Lucariello ◽  
Raffaele Capasso ◽  
Virginia Lanzotti
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Relative Configuration ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Diterpene Alcohol

Abstract Euphorbia myrsinites is one of the oldest spurges described and used in folk medicine. It is characterized by blue-grey stems similar to myrtle, and it is spread in the Mediterranean region, Asia, and the USA. Chemical analysis of E. myrsinites collected in Turkey afforded the isolation of 4 diterpenes based on the so-called myrsinane skeleton being tetraesters of the tetracyclic diterpene alcohol myrsinol. In this study, the phytochemical analysis of this species collected in Italy has been undertaken to afford the isolation of a new atisane diterpene, named myrsatisane, 3 ingenol derivatives, along with the 4 tetraester derivatives previously found. A triterpene compound based on the euphane skeleton has also been isolated. Structural elucidation of the new myrsatisane was based on spectroscopic techniques, including HR-MS and 1- and 2-dimensional NMR experiments. Its relative configuration was determined by NOE correlations, while absolute stereochemistry was obtained by quantum-mechanical DFT studies. While diterpenes with the atisane skeleton are relatively common in Euphorbia species, this is the first report of an atisane diterpene from E. myrsinites. All the isolated terpenes were tested for anti-inflammatory activity on J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide by evaluation of nitrite and pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β levels. Among tested compounds, the 3 ingenol diterpenes exhibited a dose-dependent (0.001 – 3 µM) significant activity, thus showing their potential as anti-inflammatory drug candidates.

scholarly journals Ethno-medicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacological importance of Hunteria umbellate (K. Schum.) Hallier f. (Apocynaceae): a useful medicinal plant of sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi ◽  
Peter Ifeoluwa Adegbola ◽  
Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola ◽  
Temitayo Idris Subair ◽  
David Oluwasegun Adepoju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Hunteria umbellate (K. Schum.) Hallier f. (Apocynaceae) is a tropical rainforest tree commonly found in sub-Saharan region of Africa. It is a useful and very popular plant among the locals due to the outstanding anti-diabetic activity of the seeds. Methods A comprehensive literature search on articles published on phytochemical analysis and various pharmacological activities of Hunteria umbellate was carried out using search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Results In this review, it was deduced that H. umbellate is employed in folk medicine as an elixir for obesity, fever, leprosy sores, menstrual pain, infertility, yaws, intestinal worms, abdominal discomfort and stomach ache. Due to their durability and immunity against termites, the stems are coveted and desired as timbers in the construction of houses, while the bark has been reportedly exported to Europe for medicinal uses. Pharmacological activities such as fertility enhancing, aphrodisiac, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, has been ascribed to the different morphological organs of H. umbellate. Moreover, compounds belonging to important classes of secondary metabolites with biological activities such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, quinic acids have been identified and characterized from the plant. Conclusion From this review, it can be inferred that, numerous and bioactive principles with known biological usefulness are present in the extracts of H. umbellate and might be responsible for the observed biological and pharmacological activities.

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