scholarly journals Evaluation of the Vitamins and Possible Nutrient Composition of Local and Improved Specie of Guava Flesh (Psidium guajava)

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
C. E. Oguazu ◽  
K. H. Adimora ◽  
B. A. Anajekwu ◽  
C. C. Dike ◽  
C. G. Ikimi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
The Family ◽  
Aoac Method

Background and Objectives: Guava (Psidium guajava) belongs to the family Myrtaceae. It has been cultivated in Nigeria one of the most common fruits in Nigeria. It has become popular because of its availability almost throughout the year. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional and vitamin contents of the flesh of the local and improved guava species. Materials and Methods: Proximate components were determined using the AOAC method for the moisture, ash, crude lipid, nitrogen content (crude protein) and Carbohydrate. Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12 were analyzed using standard methods. Results: The result showed that moisture and carbohydrate content of the improved white guava flesh is low compared with the local white guava species (9.8825 and 14.4015%) and (56.378 and 62.802%), respectively. The ash, fat, fibre and protein content of the improved white guava flesh are high compared with the local guava species (11.25 and 5.15%), (5.55 and 1.335%), (6.6145 and 6.5865%) and (10.325 and 8.225%). Improved White guava flesh is relatively low in Vitamin A, vitamin B3, vitamin B6 and vitamin C compared to local white guava flesh, while the local white guava flesh is relatively poor in vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin E compared to improved white guava flesh. Conclusion: The present findings suggest guava flesh as a considerable source of nutrients in the diet and may have health and economic benefits due to its vitamins, and nutritional composition.

scholarly journals The Authentication and Grading of Edible Bird’s Nest by Metabolite, Nutritional, and Mineral Profiling

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Ramlah Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Nurul Nadiah Mohamad Nasir ◽  
Md Zuki Abu Bakar ◽  
Rozi Mahmud ◽  
Nor Asma Ab Razak
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Edible Bird’S Nest ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Aerodramus Fuciphagus ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) produced by Aerodramus fuciphagus has a high demand for nutritional and medicinal application throughout the world. The present study was to evaluate the authentication of a man-made house EBN, which are half cup and stripe-shaped by FTIR. Next, both samples were compared according to their metabolite, nutritional, and mineral composition. The results indicated that the FTIR spectra of both EBN samples were identical and similar to the reference, suggesting the authenticity of the EBN used. The metabolites that contribute to the possible medicinal properties of EBN were found by using GC-MS. The results of the proximate analysis, followed by the standard AOAC method, inferred that both EBN shapes to be rich in crude protein and carbohydrate contents. However, the proximate composition between the half cup and stripe-shaped EBN showed significant differences. Major mineral elements detected were calcium and sodium, and magnesium contents were significantly different between both EBN. Additionally, the half cup and stripe-shaped EBN had a low level of heavy metal content than the maximum regulatory limit as set by the Malaysian Food Act 1983. This study concludes that the nutritional composition varied between the samples and thus suggests that nutrient content should be considered as criteria for the grading requirement of commercialized EBN.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of famine food plants from the family: Amaranthaceae

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alveera Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Family

Information regarding the nutritional value of wild food plants in Africa and current information varies from source to source. Prior to commercialization of wild foods the nutritional, ethnobotanical, medical, chemical, anthropological and toxicity requires investigation. Plants from the Amaranthaceae family were chosen because the family is characterized by several species which are used by indigenous communities as a source of nutrition in different plants of the world. The focus of this study was to investigate the nutritional and biological activities of three plants from the Amaranthaceae family viz. Achyranthes aspera, Alternanthera sessilis and Guilleminea densa that are considered famine plants. This study aimed to determine the nutritional value (proximate, minerals and vitamins), biological activity, toxicity and potential of a tissue culture system for three species from the family Amaranthaceae. Nutritional analysis comprised of determining moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fibre and energy. Mineral analysis of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sodium and zinc was performed by microwave digestion and then analyzed by ICP Spectrophotometry. Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3 and Vitamin C were also analyzed. For biological and safety analyses aqueous and methanolic extracts were prepared. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were tested; antimicrobial activity was tested by evaluating the bactericidal, fungal effect and minimum inhibitory concentration on selected bacteria and fungi using the agar disk diffusion method. Anti mosquito potential was determined by setting up repellency, larvacidal assay and insecticidal assay. The safety and toxicity analysis was carried out by measuring cytotoxicity, toxicity and mutagenicity. The potential of an in vitro tissue culture system of A. aspera, A. sessilis and G. densa was determined using micropropagation. A. aspera indicated significant amounts moisture, ash, dietary fibre, protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, magnesium and manganese. Plant extracts of A. aspera had antibacterial activity against the Gram negative bacteria Esherichia coli, Pseudomas aeroginosa and Salmonella typhi; Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanolic extract had antifungal activity against Sacchromyces cerevisiae and exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity as well as 85% repellency against Anopheles arabiensis. The aqueous extract stimulated the growth of the K562 (Chronic Myclogenous Leukaemia) cell line and the plant extracts showed no mutagenicity or toxicity. A. sessilis indicated significant levels of ash, dietary fibre, protein, energy, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, iron, magnesium and manganese present. Plant extracts of A. sessilis had antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria P. aeroginosa and Gram positive bacteria S. epidermis. The plant also showed antifungal activity against the yeasts S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans. The methanolic plant extract showed excellent antioxidant activity. The aqueous plant extract stimulated the growth of the K562 cell line and the plant extracts possessed no mutagenicity or toxicity. This plant grew well in a tissue culture system where it was propagated from callus to a fully grown plant able to survive in environmental conditions. G. densa has ash and dietary fibre, vitamin B2, vitamin B3 and iron. The plant extracts had antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria E. coli, P. aeroginosa and Klebsiella. oxytoca; Gram positive bacteria Baccilus stereathermophilus and S. aureus. The plant also has antifungal activity against C. albicans and significant repellency activity against A. arabiensis where it showed 100% repellency. This plant was not found to be mutagenic or toxic. The results obtained from this study show promising potential for the plants to be exploited as famine food plants. The nutritional value, biological activity and ability to micropropagate A. aspera, A. sessilis and G. densa indicates a good potential for purposes of harnessing biotechnological products.

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition and GC-MS Phytochemical Analysis of Thaumatococcus daniellii Leaves

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A. V. Iwueke ◽  
N. J. Ejekwumadu ◽  
E. C. Chukwu ◽  
J. A. Nwodu ◽  
C. Akalonu
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Laboratory Technology ◽  
Thaumatococcus Daniellii

Aims: There is a high risk associated with using artificial materials like polyethylene or foil for wrapping foods before cooking. The present study investigated the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Thaumatococus daniellii leaf, a local food wrapper. Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, between April and May 2018. Methodology: The phytochemical compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while proximate and vitamin composition was determined using standard analytical methods.  Results: The GC-MS phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of eight (8) bioactive compounds 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, d-Glycero-d-idoheptose, Cyclopentane,1-ethyl-1-methyl-, 6-Octyl-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, 2-Octenal, E- Octane,1-chloro-,2-Acetoxy-1,1,10-trimethyl-6,9-epidioxydecalin and Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol,2,6,6-trimethyl-,(1α,2β,3α,5α)- while vitamin assay results showed that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contained 3.1mg/100g of vitamin A, 1.07 mg/100 g  vitamin B1, 1.32 mg/100 g  vitamin B3, 1.11 mg/100 g of vitamin B5, 16.34 mg/100 g of vitamin B6, 11.86 mg/100 g of vitamin B12 and 25.19 mg/100 g of vitamin C. Result of proximate analysis indicates that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contains 10.15% ash, 9.67% moisture, 20.41% protein, 11.42% lipids, 13.78% fibre and 34.57% carbohydrate. Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves contain bioactive compounds, an appreciable number of vitamins and high nutritional constituents. Hence Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves can be incorporated into animal feed, taking into cognizance the high protein, fat and vitamin contents. These suggest that it may play critical medicinal and nutritional roles and probably be a safer alternative to polyethylene paper and aluminum foil wraps; hence justifying its local usage as food wrapper. The leaves may also serve as a lead for the production of a healthier material for wrapping local foods.

scholarly journals Optimization of feeding frequency on the growth performance of thai pangas, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Md Ali Husain ◽  
Anwar Hossain ◽  
Shankar Chandra Mandal ◽  
Md Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Mohammad Shamsur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Daily Gain

Thai pangas, Pangasius hypophthalmus fingerlings were reared for 60 days in laboratory condition to investigate the effects of feeding frequency on the growth performance. The fish fingerlings in three treatments were fed with two, three and four times a day, respectively. During the feeding trial, growth and feed utilization were assessed by condition factor (K), average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Significantly lower FCR 1.81 ± 0.02 and higher ADG 0.38 ± 0.02 and SGR 2.20 ± 0.02% were found in fish fed thrice a day than that of other treatments (p < 0.05). Highest condition factor 1.69 ± 0.13 was found in fish fed four times a day while the lowest condition factor 0.77 ± 0.03 was detected in fish fed twice a day. Moisture content of Thai pangas in treatment T1, T2 and T3 were 79.23 ± 0.77, 78.08 ± 0.85 and 77.84 ± 0.17%, respectively. The crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents were 16.11 ± 0.00 to 16.38 ± 0.08%, 3.22 ± 0.27 to 3.41 ± 0.06% and 1.47 ± 0.02 to 1.82 ± 0.04%, respectively. The findings of the present study demonstrated that three times feeding frequency showed better growth performance and nutritional composition of Thai pangas fingerlings. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(1): 83-90, 2015 (January)

scholarly journals Proximate, Minerals and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Grass

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
M. Suleiman ◽  
A. Y. Khadija ◽  
Y. Nasiru ◽  
A. A. Garba ◽  
M. Alhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Micro Elements

The peels of Eichhornia crassipes were evaluated for its proximate and anti-nutritional composition. The results show that the moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre, available carbohydrate and energy value were 89.20 ± 0.23% weight wet, 18.20 ± 0.21 %, 8.2 ± 0.18 %, 2.20 ± 0.03 %, 21.56 ± 0.10 %, 49.98 ± 0.48 % and 252.52 ± 0.50 kcal/100g dry weight respectively. The result of minerals analysis showed that the grass is a good source of both macro and micro elements with calcium as predominant. The result shows that the hydrocyanic acid, nitrate, oxalate and phytate were 0.56 ± 0.01 mg/100gDW, 0.38 ± 0.01 mg/100gDW, 0.33 ± 0.05 mg/100gDW and 4.06 ± 1.69 mg/100gDW. The results indicate that if the grass is properly exploited and processed, they could be a high quality and cheap source of carbohydrates and minerals supplement in the formulation of animal feeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the nutritional quality of selected dietary ingredients for mud crab Scylla serrata of Suarashtra region in Gujarat, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Sumara M. Ayaz K ◽  
K. H. Vadher
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Mangrove Crabs ◽  
Mud Crabs

Mud crabs, or mangrove crabs, are one of the most valuable groups of crab species in the world. Several studies have been conducted to describe the nutrient requirements of mud crabs. Only preliminary studies have been conducted to define the nutritional ingredients requirements for growing out diets. Results of the analysis revealed the major components of seaweeds (Ulva reticulate and Sargassum cinctum) poultry waste, earth worms and fish meal with carbohydrate 57.18 % (Ulva reticulate) and 55.86 % (Sargassum cinctum), 31.07 %, 21.83 % and 2.89 %, followed by ash content of 21.3 % (U. reticulate) and 14.1 % (S. cinctum), 8.4 %, 12.0 % and 8.40 %, respectively. The crude protein component of fishmeal, soyabean meal, earthworms and seaweeds were obtained in little amount with 61.20 %, 48.3%, 36.2 % and 13.41 % (U. reticulate) and 10.67% (S. cinctum) and followed by crude lipid component of poultry waste 25.0%, seaweeds 13.41 % (U. reticulate) and 10.67 % (S. cinctum), earthworms 9.52% and fishmeal 9.20%  respectively. These results of nutritional composition indicated that poultry waste, earthworms and seaweeds have potential as a source of feed supplement and human nutrition.

scholarly journals Nutritional Effects of Full-Fat Soy Flour as an Extender on Cooked Beef Sausage Quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Amadi, Allbright Ovuchimeru
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Full Fat Soy Flour

The effect of full-fat soy flour as an extender on the nutritional composition and sensory properties of cooked beef sausage was investigated. Sausage samples were produced using beef and full-fat soy flour (FFSF) as extender at 5%, 10% and 15% substitution levels while 100% beef sausage served as the control. The proximate, mineral and vitamin composition as well as sensory properties of the formulated sausages were determined using standard methods. Proximate analysis revealed an increase in moisture content (63.66-65.59%), protein (15.87-17.66%) and fat (4.22-6.37%) as beef was partially replaced with FFSF. Ash content also increased but at 15% FFSF, a decrease which was not significantly (p>0.05) different from control sample was observed. Crude fibre content was highest for sausage extended with 15% FFSF (1.03%) while carbohydrate content decreased significantly (11.93-7.25%) on partial replacement with FFSF. Mineral results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in magnesium (9.80-15.34 mg/100 g) and decrease in zinc (0.92-0.79 mg/100 g) as beef was partially replaced with FFSF. Calcium, sodium and phosphorus contents of beef sausages extended with 10% FFSF (18.74 mg/100 g, 52.78 mg/100 g and 95.82 mg/100 g, respectively) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other sausage samples. Vitamin analysis also revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in vitamin A (4.23-5.32µg/100g) while vitamin B3 (0.037-0.033 mg/100 g) and vitamin B1 (0.023-0.013 mg/100 g) decreased as beef was extended with FFSF. Vitamin C content of sausage extended with 10% FFSF (2.76 mg/100 g) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other samples. This same trend was observed for vitamin B2 content of sausage with 15% FFSF (0.034 mg/100 g). FFSF had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the sensory properties of the sausages. Thus, the use of full fat soy flour as an extender for cooked beef sausages is feasible as this will reduce the amount of meat used, thereby reducing the cost of the cooked beef sausage and at same time producing nutritious sausages.

scholarly journals Xác định đồng thời một số dạng của Vitamin nhóm B trong sản phẩm dinh dưỡng bằng kỹ thuật sắc ký lỏng khối phổ (LC-MS/MS) sau thủy phân Enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Thúy Lê Thị ◽  
Trang Vũ Thị ◽  
Vân Trần Mai ◽  
Hồng Hảo Lê Thị ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Vitamin B3

Phương pháp sắc ký lỏng ghép nối khối phổ được sử dụng để định lượng đồng thời một số dạng của vitamin nhóm B gồm: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6 trong các sản phẩm thực phẩm dinh dưỡng. Mẫu được thủy phân sử dụng hỗn hợp 3 loại enzyme (enzyme papain, &alpha;-amylase để thủy phân protenin và carbonhydrat phức tạp, enzyme phosphatase để thủy phân các liên kết phosphoryl) tại nhiệt độ 37&ordm;C trong khoảng 12-14h trong bể lắc ổn nhiệt. Việc tách các vitamin được thực hiện trên cột sắc ký pha đảo C18 (100mm &times; 2,1mm &times;1,7&micro;m) và tiền cột tương ứng, pha động gồm dung dịch amoni format 10mM và MeOH theo chương trình rửa giải gradient.&nbsp;Tốc độ dòng 0,15 ml/phút, detector khối phổ chế độ ESI (+). Đường chuẩn được xây dựng trong khoảng 0,2-2000 ng/mL với hệ số tương quan (R2)&gt; 0,998. Giới hạn phát hiện (LOD) và giới hạn định lượng (LOQ) của phương pháp tương ứng trong khoảng từ 2,7-3,8 &mu;g/100g và 9,1 - 12,6 &mu;g/100g. Độ thu hồi của phương pháp trong khoảng 80 - 110% với độ lệch chuẩn tương ứng của độ lặp lại (RSDr%) trong khoảng 2,61 - 4,69% và độ tái lập (RSDR%) trong khoảng 3,40 - 9,69%. Phương pháp có độ nhạy, độ chọn lọc cao được ứng dụng để phân tích một số nền mẫu thực phẩm dinh dưỡng.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Functional Evaluation of Inula crithmoides and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Grown in Different Salinities for Human Consumption

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4543
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima ◽  
Florinda Gama ◽  
Viana Castañeda-Loaiza ◽  
Camila Costa ◽  
Lisa M. Schüler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Safe Production ◽  
Soilless Cultivation ◽  
Relative Productivity ◽  
Β Carotene

The nutritional composition and productivity of halophytes is strongly related to the biotic/abiotic stress to which these extremophile salt tolerant plants are subjected during their cultivation cycle. In this study, two commercial halophyte species (Inula crithmoides and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum) were cultivated at six levels of salinity using a soilless cultivation system. In this way, it was possible to understand the response mechanisms of these halophytes to salt stress. The relative productivity decreased from the salinities of 110 and 200 mmol L−1 upwards for I. crithmoides and M. nodiflorum, respectively. Nonetheless, the nutritional profile for human consumption remained balanced. In general, I. crithmoides vitamin (B1 and B6) contents were significantly higher than those of M. nodiflorum. For both species, β-carotene and lutein were induced by salinity, possibly as a response to oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds were more abundant in plants cultivated at lower salinities, while the antioxidant activity increased as a response to salt stress. Sensory characteristics were evaluated by a panel of culinary chefs showing a preference for plants grown at the salt concentration of 350 mmol L−1. In summary, salinity stress was effective in boosting important nutritional components in these species, and the soilless system promotes the sustainable and safe production of halophyte plants for human consumption.

scholarly journals Determination of Vitamin B3 Vitamer (Nicotinamide) and Vitamin B6 Vitamers in Human Hair Using LC-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4487
Author(s):  
Sundus M. Sallabi ◽  
Aishah Alhmoudi ◽  
Manal Alshekaili ◽  
Iltaf Shah
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Pyridoxal Hydrochloride ◽  
Vitamin B3 Deficiency

Water-soluble B vitamins participate in numerous crucial metabolic reactions and are critical for maintaining our health. Vitamin B deficiencies cause many different types of diseases, such as dementia, anaemia, cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and HIV. Vitamin B3 deficiency is linked to pellagra and cancer, while niacin (or nicotinic acid) lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in the blood and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL). A highly sensitive and robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) method was developed to detect and quantify a vitamin B3 vitamer (nicotinamide) and vitamin B6 vitamers (pyridoxial 5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal hydrochloride (PL), pyridoxamine dihydrochloride (PM), pridoxamine-5′-phosphate (PMP), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN)) in human hair samples of the UAE population. Forty students’ volunteers took part in the study and donated their hair samples. The analytes were extracted and then separated using a reversed-phase Poroshell EC-C18 column, eluted using two mobile phases, and quantified using LC/MS-MS system. The method was validated in human hair using parameters such as linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy, and precision and recovery. The method was then used to detect vitamin B3 and B6 vitamers in the human hair samples. Of all the vitamin B3 and B6 vitamers tested, only nicotinamide was detected and quantified in human hair. Of the 40 samples analysed, 12 were in the range 100–200 pg/mg, 15 in the range 200–500 pg/mg, 9 in the range of 500–4000 pg/mg. The LC/MS-MS method is effective, sensitive, and robust for the detection of vitamin B3 and its vitamer nicotinamide in human hair samples. This developed hair test can be used in clinical examination to complement blood and urine tests for the long-term deficiency, detection, and quantification of nicotinamide.

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