scholarly journals Nutritional and Functional Evaluation of Inula crithmoides and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Grown in Different Salinities for Human Consumption

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4543
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima ◽  
Florinda Gama ◽  
Viana Castañeda-Loaiza ◽  
Camila Costa ◽  
Lisa M. Schüler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Safe Production ◽  
Soilless Cultivation ◽  
Relative Productivity ◽  
Β Carotene

The nutritional composition and productivity of halophytes is strongly related to the biotic/abiotic stress to which these extremophile salt tolerant plants are subjected during their cultivation cycle. In this study, two commercial halophyte species (Inula crithmoides and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum) were cultivated at six levels of salinity using a soilless cultivation system. In this way, it was possible to understand the response mechanisms of these halophytes to salt stress. The relative productivity decreased from the salinities of 110 and 200 mmol L−1 upwards for I. crithmoides and M. nodiflorum, respectively. Nonetheless, the nutritional profile for human consumption remained balanced. In general, I. crithmoides vitamin (B1 and B6) contents were significantly higher than those of M. nodiflorum. For both species, β-carotene and lutein were induced by salinity, possibly as a response to oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds were more abundant in plants cultivated at lower salinities, while the antioxidant activity increased as a response to salt stress. Sensory characteristics were evaluated by a panel of culinary chefs showing a preference for plants grown at the salt concentration of 350 mmol L−1. In summary, salinity stress was effective in boosting important nutritional components in these species, and the soilless system promotes the sustainable and safe production of halophyte plants for human consumption.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparative Study of the Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Potential of New Quinoa Varieties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Silvina Razzeto ◽  
María Angelina Uñates ◽  
José Elías Rojas Moreno ◽  
Romina Viviana Lucero López ◽  
Elba Graciela Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Aims: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an ancient crop known for its high nutritive potential. The goal of the present work is to study the nutritional composition, identify some antinutritional factors and antioxidant compounds, and evaluate their antioxidant activity in four advanced lines of quinoa seeds obtained in experimental plots. Methodology: For this purpose, proteins, total lipids, fiber, moisture, ash and carbohydrates, as well as fatty acid composition and mineral content, were determined in whole meal flours of these advanced lines. The presence of trypsin inhibitors, saponins, nitrates, oxalates and phytate was also evaluated, as well as total phenols and antioxidant activity. Results: These new quinoa varieties have good nutritional properties, with high protein content in comparison to cereals. In this work, the analysis of proximate and mineral profile of quinoa showed that this pseudocereal has a similar profile but significantly higher than rice, a traditional cereal. Quinoa is a rich source of magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and molybdenum, which are elements that are deficient in almost all gluten-free cereals. The tests performed on the evaluated antinutrient compounds resulted within the acceptable values for human consumption. The seed extract showed a total phenol content between 43.42 ± 1.35 and 25.82 ± 1.47 mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry weight (P= .05). The antioxidant activities were estimated by DPPH, β carotene and nitric oxide scavenging activity. The results of the methanolic extract were, in average, 88.95 for %DPPH, 26.56 for %β carotene, and varied between 85.82 ± 8.32 to 22.20 ± 1.80 for %NO (P= .05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the new quinoa lines obtained in the central-west region of Argentina, which present agronomic advantages, are safe for human consumption and beneficial due to the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds that exert protection against many diseases.

scholarly journals Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Rapid Tool to Qualitatively Predict the Effects of Species, Regions and Roasting on the Nutritional Composition of Australian Acacia Seed Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Oladipupo Q. Adiamo ◽  
Yasmina Sultanbawa ◽  
Daniel Cozzolino
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
As Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mir Spectra ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Rapid Tool

In recent times, the popularity of adding value to under-utilized legumes have increased to enhance their use for human consumption. Acacia seed (AS) is an underutilized legume with over 40 edible species found in Australia. The study aimed to qualitatively characterize the chemical composition of 14 common edible AS species from 27 regions in Australia using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as a rapid tool. Raw and roasted (180 °C, 5, 7, and 9 min) AS flour were analysed using MIR spectroscopy. The wavenumbers (1045 cm−1, 1641 cm−1, and 2852–2926 cm−1) in the MIR spectra show the main components in the AS samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the MIR data displayed the clustering of samples according to species and roasting treatment. However, regional differences within the same AS species have less of an effect on the components, as shown in the PCA plot. Statistical analysis of absorbance at specific wavenumbers showed that roasting significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the compositions of some of the AS species. The results provided a foundation for hypothesizing the compositional similarity and/or differences among AS species before and after roasting.

Cultivation of rice for animal feed with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater for enhanced nitrogen removal: comparison of cultivation systems feeding irrigation water upward and downward

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muramatsu ◽  
H. Ito ◽  
A. Sasaki ◽  
A. Kajihara ◽  
T. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

To achieve enhanced nitrogen removal, we modified a cultivation system with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater by using rice for animal feed instead of human consumption. The performance of this modified system was evaluated through a bench-scale experiment by comparing the direction of circulated irrigation (i.e. passing through paddy soil upward and downward). The modified system achieved more than three times higher nitrogen removal (3.2 g) than the system in which rice for human consumption was cultivated. The removal efficiency was higher than 99.5%, regardless of the direction of circulated irrigation. Nitrogen in the treated municipal wastewater was adsorbed by the rice plant in this cultivation system as effectively as chemical fertilizer used in normal paddy fields. Circulated irrigation increased the nitrogen released to the atmosphere, probably due to enhanced denitrification. Neither the circulation of irrigation water nor its direction affected the growth of the rice plant and the yield and quality of harvested rice. The yield of rice harvested in this system did not reach the target value in normal paddy fields. To increase this yield, a larger amount of treated wastewater should be applied to the system, considering the significant amount of nitrogen released to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the effect of processing methods on the nutritional value of Basella alba, Talinum triangulare, Celosia argentea, Amaranthus hybridus and Gnetum africanum leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 044-052
Author(s):  
Tawakaltu Abdulrasheed-Adeleke ◽  
Samson Onuche-Ojo Shaibu ◽  
Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola ◽  
Rabiat Unekwu Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Haruna Garba
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Β Carotene

The nutritional composition of vegetables is adversely affected by the method of processing for storage or preservation. This study was designed to determine the effect of blanching, boiling, and drying on the nutritional composition of selected vegetables using standard analytical methods. Proximate analysis was carried out on the fresh and processed leaf samples. Results obtained revealed that all the vegetables analyzed contained an appreciable amount of moisture, ash, protein, fiber, carbohydrate, β-carotene, and vitamins. Results also showed that all the processing methods employed significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the nutritional compositions of the vegetables studied. However, drying under the shade retained more nutrients compared to the other processing methods. Drying significantly increased (p < 0.05) the carbohydrate and protein contents of all the leaves (79.92 % & 7.51 % respectively in Basella alba, 66.74 % & 12.09 % respectively in Amaranthus hybridus, 82.56 % & 10.07 % respectively in Celosia argentea, 70.77 % & 13.05 % respectively in Gnetum africanum and 89.12 % & 4.70 % respectively in Talinum triangulare) compared to blanching, boiling and the control. Thus, from the three processing methods studied, drying was the most effective processing method that retained nutrients and is, therefore, a good preservation method for the vegetables.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND LIPID CONTENT OF SKIN AND MUSCLE OF WILD GIANT MOTTLE EELS ANGUILLA MARMORATA IN THUA THIEN HUE, VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieu Thi Huyen ◽  
Nguyen Quang Linh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
Nutritional Components

In Vietnam, the giant mottle eel Anguilla marmorata is the most widely distributed species and being exploited for seed in aquaculture as well as for human consumption. This study aims to investigate the basic nutritional components of the fish. The eels were collected from six locations of Thua Thien Hue province, with weights from 5 to 3200 g. In addition, the content of lipid in skin and tissue was also examined. The results show that eel flesh has a relatively high nutritional value. The water, protein, lipid, and total sugar content of the fish meat is 60.4 ± 0.94%, 19.54 ± 4.31%, 18.2 ± 1.02%, and 1.34 ± 0.34 (mg/g), respectively. The nutritional components of the eel have a good correlation with the weight according to the equation: Y = a × ln (W) + b (where W is the weight of eels; Y is the content of nutritional components; a is the correlation coefficient b is a constant) with r > 0.9. The lipid content of the fish skin is higher than that of muscle and meat.

scholarly journals The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Chiahi ◽  
Louhichi Brinis
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Wheat is an important cereal in terms of human consumption in many countries of the world. It is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean countries. In these areas, salinity of soils and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors in plant productivity and agricultural yield. The present work consisted in evaluating the morpho-physiological and biochemical behavior of two durum wheat varieties V1 (Gta dur), V2 (Vitron) subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl during the germination phase and the growth phase in the laboratory. The results obtained showed several revelations in terms of morphological imbalance (leaf area, germination percentage, root length, physiological variation, decrease or increase of assimilating pigments, Relative Water Content (RWC), etc), and biochemical bioaccumulation (proline, soluble sugars, proteins and elevation of activity of CAT antioxidant enzymes). At the level of treatments, the development of the seedlings of two varieties was better on soil salty and sprinkled with water than in the presence of saline concentrations. A certain tolerance of the two genotypes was particularly marked in the Vitron variety against salt stress.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) under Salinity Stress

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibo Ma ◽  
Jae Kwang Kim ◽  
Caihua Jia ◽  
Feifan Yin ◽  
Hyo Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Metabolic Profiling Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Expression ◽  
Β Carotene

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) is a nutritional crop, which has high flavonoid content. However, buckwheat is a salt sensitive glycophyte cereal crop and the growth and grain yield of buckwheat are significantly affected by soil salinity. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of salt treated-buckwheat to understand the effects of salinity on buckwheat. A total of 50,681,938 clean reads were acquired from all samples. We acquired 94,950 unigenes with a mean length of 1133 bp and N50 length of 1900 bp assembly. Of these, 63,305 unigenes (66.7%) were matched in public databases. Comparison of the transcriptome expression patterns between control and salt treated groups showed that 4098 unigenes were up-regulated and 3292 unigenes were down-regulated significantly. Further, we found that genes involved with amino acid, lipid and nucleotide metabolism were most responsive to salt stress. Additionally, many genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis changed significantly following treatment. Those affected included phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. Chromatographic analysis was used to examine the differences in concentration of flavonoids, carotenoids, amino acids and organic acids in the samples following treatment. There was a significant increase in rutin (12.115 mg/g dry weight), following salt stress; whereas, six carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, 13Z-β-carotene, α-carotene, E-β-carotene and 9Z-β-carotene) did not significantly respond to salt stress. Ultimately, our data acts as a valuable resource for future research on buckwheat and can be used as the basis for future analysis focused on gene-to-metabolite networks in buckwheat.

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds and Functional Evaluation of Various Parts of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Shu-Er Yang ◽  
Thuy-Lan Thi Vo ◽  
Chien-Lin Chen ◽  
Nae-Cherng Yang ◽  
Chen-I Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Health Food

The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is one of the major grain legume crops of the tropical world and recent evidence indicates that it possesses various health benefits. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comparison has been made on the nutritional composition and biological functions of its leaves, seeds, and roots. Therefore, the present study investigates which part of the C. cajan (L.) Millsp plant has the highest potential for development as a health food product. Results show that C. cajan (L.) Millsp roots (CCR) have a higher total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoids flavonoid (TFC) contents than leaves and seeds. The antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-bacterial activities of CCR extracted with hot water (HWCR), 50% ethanol (EECR50), and 95% ethanol (EECR95) were determined. We found that EECR95 had the strongest antioxidant activity, as evaluated by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) scavenging, and reducing power. EECR95 exhibited higher anti-hyperglycemic ability (inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities) and anti-glycation effects (IC50 = 39, 120 and 229 μg/mL, respectively) than HWCR and EECR50. EECR95 also exhibited potent anti-bacterial activities on E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Streptococcus mutans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 113, 180, 16, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Based on above results, we conclude that CCR has considerable potential for health food development and further studies of CCR in animals to confirm these biological effects and safety issues are warranted.

Fatty acids and contaminants in edible marine gastropods from Patagonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bigatti ◽  
M.E. Diaz De Vivar ◽  
M. Cumplido ◽  
R. A. Nieto Vilela ◽  
M. Avaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future

Edible marine gastropods are consumed in northern Patagonia without regulations or knowledge of nutritional composition and food quality. We determined total lipids (TL), fatty acid (FA), paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) and metal contamination in six edible marine gastropods: Buccinanops globulosus, B. cochlidium, Trophon geversianus, Odontocymbiola magellanica, Tegula patagonica and Nacella magellanica. TL was lowest in the foot (0.29–0.56%) and maximum in organs (1.43–3.2%), presenting less TL than other edible species around the world. Saturated FA were similar to other consumed marine gastropods worldwide and dominant in all species studied (33.26–48.19%), while monounsaturated FA reached about 30% only in 2 species, but did not exceed 18% in the other species. Polyunsaturated FA reached up to 23.77%, but generally did not exceed 14%. Highly unsaturated FA (AA, EPA and DHA), reached about 27%. The dominant FA was palmitic acid (0.217 to 2.43 µg mg−1).Differences in FA could be related to the different alimentation of the species. Limit of PSP consumption was exceeded in a few months only for two species. Lead was not detectable (<4 µg g−1) while cadmium ranged from 0.07 to 15.32 µg g−1. Our results can be useful to ensure the safety food of these resources, which are being consumed and exported in low quantities in Argentina, but may be commercialized massively in the near future. Monitoring these and other food resources is essential and should be performed in any established fishery of the species reported here to guarantee the safety human consumption.

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