Redox Chemistry and Nutrient Release from Organic Amended Terrace Soil under Anaerobic Incubation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sumaya Sharmin ◽  
Md. Abdul Kader ◽  
Md. Rezwanul Islam ◽  
Muhiuddin Faruquee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Redox Chemistry ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Amended Soil

Aims: To examine the changes in pH and Eh values of terrace soils during anaerobic incubation when amended with different organic materials, and to study N, P and S release from different manure and bio-slurry in terrace soil under anaerobic condition. Study Design: The experiment was carried out following Complete randomized design (CRD) with two replications. Place and Duration of Study: A laboratory incubation study was conducted in Soil Science Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in December 2014 for 98 days. Methodology: The surface (0-15 cm) soil sample was collected from rice growing field of a selected area of Bhaluka, Mymensingh. The incubation study was carried out using four different sources of organic manures with two replications and five treatment combinations. The changes in soil pH, Eh and release pattern of N, P, and S from some organic materials in terrace soil under anaerobic incubation were investigated during December 2014 to April 2015. The soil was amended with all the treatments at 2g 100 g-1 (air dry basis) soil and incubated for 14 weeks at 25° C. The N, P and S release were determined by the measurement of NH4-N, phosphate P and SO4-S on destructive sampling at every two weeks. Results: The pH values increased at initial stage but gradually decreased over time to neutral and the soil became reduced with the advancement of incubation, it varies (1-3 weeks) depending on the quality of organic matter used. The reduction potential showed a significant variation among the treatments. Overall, when the pH values were averaged over the weeks, the highest pH value was measured in poultry bio-slurry (PB) amended soil followed by poultry manure (PM), cow dung bio-slurry (CDB) and cow dung (CD) amended soils and the lowest was in control. In case of Eh, the most negative (-133.08) Eh value was measured in PM amended soil followed by poultry bio-slurry (PB), CD and CDB amended soils. Control soil had comparatively positive Eh value. At the end of incubation, the highest amount of NH4-N found in CDB followed by CD, PM, PB and the lowest was in control; the highest amount of phosphate P found in PB followed by PM, control, CDB and CD; the highest amount of SO4-S found in PB followed by PM, CD, CDB and the lowest was in control. Conclusion: PB is the best source of organic amendment with respect to release of P and S, whereas CDB showed the best performance in release of N. Nutrient release and availability in reduced environment in terrace soil are a function of soil redox chemistry which is influenced by the quality and quantity of organic matter.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of bioactive compounds in amending the soil infested with soil-borne Ralstonia solanacearum of potato

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Z Karim ◽  
MS Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Amended Soil

Three natural bioactive compounds, viz. cow dung, bee propolis and turmeric powder were applied to amend the Ralstonia solanacearum infested soil of potato. Sun dried cow dung @ 30 t/ha, aqueous extraction of turmeric powder @ 30 kg/ha and propolis @ 5 lit/ha were applied to the inoculated soil by mixing with field soil in SAU (Dhaka) and BARI (Gazipur). Data on pH, organic matter, total cfu/ml and avirulent cfu/ml of the treatment applied soil and per cent disease index (PDI) of bacterial wilt of potato were recorded. Significant difference in soil pH and per cent organic matter (OM) occurred in all the amended soil as compared to control. A decreased total cfu/ml of R. solanacearum occurred in all the treated soil, but propolis (8.2 X 107) and cow dung (1.1 X 108) showed the lowest count. However, in increasing the avirulent count of R. solanacearum, turmeric powder (1.8 X 109) showed the highest count compared to other amended soil. Significant disease reduction over control was also observed in all the treatments, but propolis (45.65%) and turmeric powder (43.48%) showed the best results in wilt disease reduction. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2021, 7(1): 43-50

scholarly journals Aplikasi Kombinasi Bahan Organik Terhadap Ketersediaan dan Serapan Hara K Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) di Tanah Sawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Windi Nisa Manurung ◽  
Hamidah Hanum ◽  
Razali Razali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Goat Manure

Di dalam bahan organik terdapat senyawa-senyawa lain yang bermanfaat bagi tanaman seperti asam humik, asam fulvat, dan senyawa organik lain. Bahan organik itu sendiri dinilai beradasarkan kualitas dan ketersediaannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kombinasi bahan organik yang berguna untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tanaman yang dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan dan serapan hara K tanaman padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) di tanah sawah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi kombinasi bahan organik terhadap ketersediaan dan serapan hara K serta pertumbuhan tanaman padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) di tanah sawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial dengan 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu A (kontrol), B (jerami kompos+kotoran ayam, 50g+50g/pot), C (jerami kompos+kotoran kambing, 50g+50g/pot), D (jerami kompos+kotoran sapi, 50g+50g/pot), E(jerami cacah+kotoran ayam, 50g+50g/pot), F(jerami cacah+kotoran kambing, 50g+50g/pot), G(jerami cacah+kotoran sapi, 50g+50g.pot). Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan uji lanjut Kontras Orthogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kombinasi bahan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pH tanah dan jumlah anakan 6 MST namun berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap K-dd, K-HCl 25%, tinggi tanaman, dan serapan K tanaman. Aplikasi kombinasi bahan organik memiliki potensi yang sama dalam meningkatkan K-dd, K-HCl 25% dan jumlah anakan tanaman. Penambahan jerami kompos + kotoran sapi berpotensi meningkatkan jumlah anakan tanaman. Organic materials contain beneficial compounds to plants such as humic acid and fulvic acid, and they are valued based on its quality and availability. Therefore we need a combination of organic materials to meet the plants’ need and to increase the availability and K uptake on black paddy (Oryza sativa L.) at paddy fields. The purposes of this study was to determine the effect of the organic matter combination application on the availability and K uptake, as well as the growth of black rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) at paddy fields. This study was conducted using Non Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 7 treatments and 3 replications namely A (control), B (compost straw + chicken manure, 50g + 50g / pot), C (compost straw + goat manure, 50g + 50g / pot), D (compost straw + cow dung, 50g + 50g / pot), E (chopped straw + chicken manure, 50g + 50g / pot), F (chopped straw + goat manure, 50g + 50g / pot), G (chopped straw + cow dung, 50g + 50g.pot). Data were analyzed by variance and Orthogonal Contrast further test. The results showed that the application of organic matter combination had a significant effect on the parameters of soil pH and 6 MST number of tillers, but had no significant effect on K-dd, 25% K-HCl, plant height, and plant K uptake. The application of organic materials combination has the same potential in increasing K-dd, 25% K-HCl and the number of plant tillers. The addition of compost + cow manure has the potential to increase the number of plant tillers.

Effect of volatile inhibitors from natural and amended soils on germination of sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Papavizas
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Soil Fungistasis ◽  
Volatile Inhibitors ◽  
Amended Soil

Studies on volatile soil fungistasis showed that sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina are not sensitive to volatiles liberated by natural soils with varying pH values. Soil amended with alfalfa hay (1%, w/w) liberated volatiles fungistatic to sclerotia only when the assay was performed 2 weeks or less after amendment. Chitin-amended soils liberated fungistatic volatiles from 1 to 3 weeks after amendment. Indirect evidence indicated that ammonia may be the active volatile in amended soil. It was concluded that fungistatic volatiles may not play an important role in the survival of sclerotia in nature.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Organic Matter by Biochar Application in Compost-amended Soils with Contrasting pH Values and Textures

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 13317-13333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Hao Jien ◽  
Chung-Chi Wang ◽  
Chia-Hsing Lee ◽  
Tsung-Yu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Ph Values

scholarly journals Effect of Sewage Sludge Compost Usage on Corn and Faba Bean Growth, Carbon and Nitrogen Forms in Plants and Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Hassan E. Abd Elsalam ◽  
Mohamed E. El- Sharnouby ◽  
Abdallah E. Mohamed ◽  
Bassem M. Raafat ◽  
Eman H. El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Sewage sludge is an effective fertilizer in many soil types. When applied as an amendment, sludge introduces, in addition to organic matter, plant nutrients into the soil. When applied for cropland as a fertilizer, the mass loading of sewage sludge is customarily determined by inputs of N and/or P required to support optimal plant growth and a successful harvest. This study aims to examine the changes in organic matter contents and nitrogen forms in sludge-amended soils, as well as the growth of corn and faba bean plants. The main results indicated that there were higher responses to the corn and faba bean yields when sludge was added. Levels of organic carbon in soil were higher after maize harvest and decreased significantly after harvesting of beans, and were higher in sludge amended soils than unmodified soils, indicating the residual effect of sludge in soil. NO3−-N concentrations were generally higher in the soil after maize harvest than during the plant growth period, but this trend was not apparent in bean soil. The amounts of NH4+-N were close in the soil during the growth period or after the maize harvest, while they were higher in the soil after the bean harvest than they were during the growth period. Total nitrogen amounts were statistically higher in the soil during the growth period than those collected after the corn harvest, while they were approximately close in the bean soil. The total nitrogen amount in corn and bean leaves increased significantly in plants grown on modified sludge soil. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen levels of the maize and beans planted on the treated soil.

scholarly journals Effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type and compaction on water retention of biochar amended soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Narala Gangadhara Reddy ◽  
Xilong Huang ◽  
Peinan Chen ◽  
Peiying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Retention Behaviour ◽  
Water Retention Behaviour ◽  
Amended Soil

AbstractRecent studies on water retention behaviour of biochar amended soil rarely considers the effect of pyrolysis temperature and also feedstock type into account. It is well known that pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type influences the physical and chemical properties of biochar due to stagewise decomposition of structure and chemical bonds. Further, soil density, which is in a loose state (in agricultural applications) and dense (in geo-environmental engineering applications) can also influence water retention behaviour of biochar amended soils. The major objective of this study is to investigate the water retention properties of soil amended with three different biochars in both loose and dense state. The biochars, i.e. water hyacinth biochar (WHB), chicken manure biochar (CMB) and wood biochar (WB) were produced in-house at different pyrolysis temperature. After then, biochars at 5% and 10% (w/w%) were amended to the soil. Water retention behaviour (soil suction and gravimetric water content) was studied under drying and wetting cycle simulated by varying relative humidity (RH, 50–90%). Results show that 10% WHB produced at 300 °C were found to possess highest water retention. CMB is found to possess higher water retention than WB for 10% amendment ratio. In general, the addition of three biochars (at both 300 °C and 600 °C) at 10% (w/w) significantly improved the water retention at all suction ranges in both loose and dense compaction state as compared to that of the bare soil. The adsorption (wetting) and desorption (drying) capacity of biochar amended soils is constant at corresponding RH.

scholarly journals In situ nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release by soil amended with black soldier fly frass fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Beesigamukama ◽  
Benson Mochoge ◽  
Nicholas Korir ◽  
Changeh J. Ghemoh ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

AbstractAlthough black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) is effective on crop performance, information on nitrogen (N) mineralization and nutrient release capacity of soils amended with BSFFF is lacking. This study utilized field incubation experiments to investigate the ammonification, nitrification, microbial populations, and quantities of nutrients released by soils amended with BSFFF and commercial organic fertilizer (SAFI) for a period equivalent to two maize cropping seasons. For the control treatment, no BSFFF or SAFI was added. Results indicated that most of the N in BSFFF amended soils was available in the ammonium form, while soils treated with SAFI had higher nitrate concentration. The BSFFF amended soils experienced shorter net immobilization periods of N (30–60 days) compared to SAFI treated soils (60–95 days). Increased rates of mineralization (3–10 times) and nitrification (2–4 times) were observed in soils treated with BSFFF during the second season of application. The BSFFF treated soils showed significantly higher N, phosphorus, and magnesium release than the control. Repeated application of BSFFF led to increased N release by three-folds in the soil. Furthermore, soil amendment with BSFFF increased the populations of bacteria and fungi, reduced soil acidity, and increased phosphorus (two-folds) and magnesium (two–four-folds) release than SAFI treated soils. Our findings highlight the crucial role of BSFFF in improving soil health by addressing the challenges of soil acidity, phosphorus fixation and nutrient mining, which is characteristic of most tropical soils.

Metal contamination of urban soils in Cork, Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Binner ◽  
Timothy Sullivan ◽  
Maria E. Mc Namara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Background Levels

<p>Soil contamination is widespread across Europe. In particular, contamination of urban soils by metals is poorly characterised. This is a major environmental concern, especially given that urban recreational amenities may be located on former industrial sites and/or may possess ex situ soils derived from industrial areas. We surveyed soils from nine urban recreational sites (15 samples per site) in Cork city in order to assess the degree of metal contamination. The results show that Pb concentrations exceed national background levels in all soil samples from all sites by a mean of 600 % and at least 140 %. Mn, Fe and Zn are enriched above background levels in all soil samples from three (Mn and Fe) to five (Zn) of the sites and, at the remaining sites, show 7 – 14 localised hotspots. Similar hotspots characterise Cu, Rb and Sr, which each exceed background levels at eight or more sampling locations at four sites. Co, Ni, As and Sn concentrations exceed background levels in at least three hotspots at each of three to six sites. Overall, metal concentrations are highest in the sites closest to the city centre, reflecting diverse sources that potentially include traffic and current and historical domestic coal burning and industry. At each urban site, the element grouping Zn and Pb recurs in 50 to 80 % of locations and enrichment in the element grouping Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb recurs in approx. 50 % of locations; Ni and As recur in approx. 10 % of the locations. At three sites, elevated concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb are associated with high LOI (Loss-on-ignition) values – a proxy for the amount of soil organic matter present – and near-neutral pH values. Conversely, low LOI and acidic pH values are associated with lower concentrations of these elements. This indicates that soil metal concentrations are influenced by the amount of organic matter present and by pH.  Future analyses and experiments will further investigate links between soil organic matter and metal concentrations.</p>

Effects of organic matter and time of incorporation on root development of tropical maize seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
S. Nissanka ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Impact

Smallholders in the tropics add different organic materials to their crops at different times, based on the availability of materials and labour. However, the time of application could have an effect on the establishment and early growth of crops, especially their root systems, which has not yet been clearly identified. This paper presents the results of a study conducted under greenhouse conditions using soils from a field treated with three organic materials at 4 or 2 weeks before or at the planting of maize seeds, corresponding to the times that tropical smallholders apply these materials. The organic materials used were leaves of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia or rice straw, incorporated at a rate equivalent to 6 Mt ha −1 . A control treatment where no organic matter was added was used for comparison. The impact of the treatments on soil properties at the planting of maize seed and detailed root analysis based on root lengths were carried out until the last growth stage (V4). The addition of organic matter improved the soil characteristics, and the impact of adding Gliricidia leaves was most pronounced when incorporated 2 weeks before planting. The benefits of leaves of Tithonia or rice straw on soil quality parameters were clearly evident when added 4 weeks before planting. Organic matter enhanced the root number, root length, root growth rate and branching indices. All the organic materials suppressed the growth of maize roots when applied at planting, suggesting the existence of allelopathic effects, which could result in poor growth. The most benefits in terms of root growth were observed with Tithonia .

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