A Five Years Retrospective Study on Etiology and Clinical Analysis of Meningitis in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College Pediatric Ward from 2012-2016

Meningitis is the sever CNS pyogenic infections which primarily affects infants and children. Ethiopia is one of the countries where meningitis is endemic and frequent episodes of meningococcal epidemics are very common in the dry season (December to June). The main purpose of this study was to identify determinants and clinical analysis of meningitis in pediatrics ward admitted to St.Paul’s hospital millennium medical college pediatrics wards from 2012-2016. A retrospective study on etiology and clinical analysis of meningitis was conducted at the pediatric unit. The study population was all pediatric patients admitted with meningitis that were presented in ward during the study period. Those fulfilling the mentioned inclusion criteria were included. The data were collected using a structured format in September /2016. From the study population 95 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 64 & 31 of them were males and females, respectively making a male to female ratio of 2:1. The most significant seasonal variation was observed for N. meningitidis having high incidence in the 2nd quarter (April to June). In the dry season 18 cases were diagnosed using the culture results. Culture findings also revealed that S. pneumonia was one of the commonest causes of bacterial meningitis. The most common symptom was fever with high grade fever (>38oC) recorded in 84 (88.4%) of cases. Most (65.5 %). of clients were recovered from meningitis at the end of the treatment where as death was the second outcome with 17(20.2 %) cases ended up with death. Neurological or other complications were seen in 9(10.7 %) cases.

Download Full-text

A Clinicopathological Review of Adnexal Masses in a Tertiary Care Centre of Rural Haryana - A Retrospective Study

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (30) ◽

pp. 2719-2723

Author(s):

Shivani Khandelwal ◽

Lakra Pinkey ◽

Sangwan Vijayata ◽

Mahendru Rajiv ◽

Siwach Sunita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Serous Cystadenoma ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Adnexal Masses ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Medical College ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ectopic Pregnancies

BACKGROUND There is a wide range of adnexal masses ranging from functional cyst to infection and even malignancy. Epithelial ovarian tumours are the most common benign ovarian lesion. The purpose of this study was to study the pattern of adnexal masses in rural area and plan the preventive steps according to the pattern. METHODS It was a retrospective study of patients who presented with adnexal masses in Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College (Women), Khanpur, Sonepat, Haryana, India over a period of 5.5 years from September 2012 to August 2018. The file records of the patients who underwent surgery for adnexal masse were evaluated to identify the risk factors, presenting complaints, examination findings, serological markers and radiological findings. The histopathological reports were reviewed. The cases excluded were ectopic pregnancies. Frequency distribution tables were used and data was analyzed using percentages. RESULTS Out of total 180 adnexal masses, 167 (92.77 %) cases were of ovarian origin. Out of these, 150 (83.33 %) cases were benign and 17 (9.44 %) were malignant. Among the benign lesions, serous cystadenoma was the most common lesion counting for 54 cases i.e., 30 %. In our study, most common symptom was vague abdominal pain- 63.88 %. Maximum adnexal masses were in the age group of 41 - 50 years i.e., 53 (29.44 %). Different types of surgeries were done. Maximum were bilateral oophorectomies with transabdominal hysterctomy 88 (48.88 %). CONCLUSIONS By proper education about personal and perineal hygiene, use of contraceptives, we can at least prevent some sexually transmitted diseases causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and adnexal masses. KEYWORDS Adnexal Mass, Benign, Malignant, Serous Cystadenoma

Download Full-text

Early outcome of acute peripartum cardiomyopathy in eastern part of Nepal

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v14i1.17189 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 13-15

Author(s):

Rajesh Nepal ◽

Madhav Bista ◽

Sita Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Post Partum ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Predictors Of Outcome ◽

Medical College ◽

Term Delivery ◽

Study Population

Background and Aims: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an uncommon complication of pregnancy with variable outcome. There is paucity of data related to its outcomes in Nepal. We studied the clinical and echocardiographic outcome of PPCM patients in eastern part of Nepal.Methods: In this prospectively designed study all patients admitted with the diagnosis of acute severe PPCM at Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, meeting the inclusion criteria over a period of 14 month, were enrolled and followed up for 3 months post partum.The LVEF and Left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was assessed by echocardiography at baseline and 3 months postpartum. Mortality and survival with normal or depressed ejection fraction were determined. Predictors of outcome were evaluated. Statistical analysis were done using SPSS version 17.Results: Mean age of the study population was 27.6}5.6 years. Ninety five percent of patient had term delivery. Sixty four percent were primigravida. Eighty four percent had the symptoms onset in post partum period. Pulmonary edema was present in 64% during first hospital admission. Mortality was 9% during 3-month follow up period. Thirty six percent had complete recovery of LVEF at 3 months. Fifty five percent survived with depressed LVEF. Age, LVEF less than 30% and LVEDD more than 60 mm at study entry did not correlate significantly with poor clinical recovery at 3 months.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that survival outcome is better even in the patients with severe acute PPCM with early diagnosis and proper management of heart failure.

Download Full-text

Perception and Practice of Diabetic Patients about Hypoglycemia

Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/icmj.v8i1-2.53973 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1-2) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Md Jawadul Haque ◽

Chinmoy Kanti Das ◽

Md Entekhab Ul Alam ◽

Md Nurul Amin ◽

Jubaida Afroza Siddiqua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Patients ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Wrong Answer ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Population ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Compliance To Treatment ◽

Control Diabetes

Background & objective: Diabetes is major global epidemic with an ever-increasing trend. For diabetic patients hypoglycemia is a fact of life. The gravity of the problem demands that the diabetics must be aware about the symptoms of hypoglycemia as well as its immediate corrective measures to overcome the crisis. But, a substantial proportion of diabetic patients is unaware of all the symptoms of hypoglycemia leading to delayed management. This study was intended to assess the diabetic patients‟ perception about hypoglycemia. Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Community Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi over a period of 2 months from April 2018 to May 2018. The diabetic patients in the rural area of Puthia Upazila were the respondents (study population). A total of 107 diabetic patients were consecutively included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire containing the variables of interest for evaluating perception of the respondents about diabetic hypoglycemia was used. Respondents‟ level of knowledge about hypoglycemia was measured using Likert Scale Score. Score „1‟ was assigned for each correct answer and score „0‟ for each wrong answer. As there were more than one question in assessing respondents‟ level of knowledge, combined scores were used to measure respondents‟ perception about hypoglycemia. Result: Over one-third (36.4%) of the respondents was middle aged (40 – 50 years old) and 29% were upper middle aged (50 – 60 years old) with mean age of the respondents being 51.3 years (range: 30-93 years). Approximately 55% were male with male to female ratio being roughly 11:9 More than two-thirds of the respondents took measures to control diabetes and their compliance to treatment was also commendably high (83%). The proportion of controlled diabetics was no less (57%). But their knowledge about common symptoms and causes of hypoglycemia was poor (no more than 25% on an average). The knowledge about measures to be taken to correct hypoglycemia was even poor (no more than 20% on an average). The perception of the significance of symptoms of hypoglycemia and the importance of their correction were disappointingly low (< 10%). Overall half (49.5%) of the respondents had very poor level of knowledge, over one-third (34.6%) had poor knowledge, 13.1% had average knowledge and only 2.8% had good knowledge about symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Conclusion: The study concluded that over two-thirds of the diabetic patients of Puthia Upazilla adopt measures to control diabetes and their compliance to treatment is appreciably high. The proportion of controlled diabetes is also appreciable. But their knowledge about symptoms, causes of hypoglycemia, measures to be taken to correct hypoglycemia and the importance of taking immediate measure to correct hypoglycemia are all inappreciably low. Ibrahim Card Med J 2018; 8 (1&2): 31-38

Download Full-text

LIGATURE MARK ON THE NECK

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.06.1252 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (06) ◽

pp. 798-803

Author(s):

Mariam Arif

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Study Design ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Thyroid Cartilage ◽

Age Group ◽

Manner Of Death ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio

Introduction: There are three types of compression of neck which are of primeforensic importance – (1) Manual strangulation (2) Hanging (3) Ligature strangulation. Ligaturemark is found in the latter two types.1 Ligature mark is a pressure mark on the neck underneaththe ligature. Initially it appears as a pale groove which on drying becomes yellowish brownparchment like.2,5 Objective: The aim is to study the information provided by a ligature markin ligature asphyxial deaths. Methodology: Study Design: A retrospective study on ligatureasphyxial deaths. Setting: Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Departments of King EdwardMedical University, Lahore and Nishtar Medical College, Multan. Period: January, 2012 toDecember, 2013. Results: The incidence of violent ligature asphyxial deaths was 4.21% of thetotal medicolegal deaths autopsied. Age group 21 to 30 years accounted for the maximumcases (37.6%). Male: female ratio was 1.02. Nylon rope (44.7%) was the most common ligaturematerial used. Ligature mark was single in all cases and was situated above thyroid cartilage in82.92% cases of hanging. In ligature strangulation deaths, mark was one in number in 93.18%cases and was below thyroid cartilage in 97.72% cases. The manner of death in hangingwas mostly suicidal (90.24%) as compared to homicidal in all cases of ligature strangulation.Ligature mark was incompletely encircling the neck in 85.36% cases and obliquely present in100% cases of hanging. In all deaths due to ligature strangulation, it was completely encirclingand transversely present around the neck. Underlying soft tissues of neck were glisteningwhite in all hanging deaths while it showed extravasations of blood in all ligature strangulationcases. Conclusions: A meticulous examination of the ligature mark during autopsy, though notconclusive, can give valuable information that can be very helpful in diagnosing deaths due tohanging and ligature strangulation.

Download Full-text

Outcomes of Root Canal Treatment: 2 Years Experience in Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh Hospital

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14178 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Mahbuba Hossen ◽

Mazharul Alam Siddique ◽

Nahid Binte Ansary

Keyword(s):

Medical Journal ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Success Rate ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Community Based ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Common Indication ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio

This retrospective study was done in the Department of Dentistry, CBMCB hospital from January2009 to December2010. 223 patients who underwent RCT were purposively selected. Male-female ratio was 1:1.4, mean age of patients were 28.4 years. Most common indication of RCT was gross caries 69.95%, common complications were fractured crown 11(57.89%), tenderness 5(26.32%), discharging sinus 2(10.53%). Over all success rate of RCT was 91.48%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14178 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 29-33

Download Full-text

Effect of septoplasty on quality of voice

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20192734 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anchal Gupta ◽

Palak Gupta ◽

Padam Singh Jamwal

Keyword(s):

Voice Quality ◽

Minimal Amount ◽

Deviated Nasal Septum ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Postoperative Changes ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Study Population ◽

Professional Voice Users ◽

The Mean

Background: Septoplasty is one the most commonly performed surgery in ENT. The aim of this study was to evaluate change in voice after septoplasty using voice handicap index (VHI).Methods: The current study was conducted at Department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu, from October 2017 to November 2018. The study population was the patients who had come to the department with deviated nasal septum admitted for septoplasty. Voice assessment was done by Subjective Voice evaluation using VHI. It was done at three times i.e. preoperatively, postoperatively at 1 week and then postoperatively at 1 month. Results: Out of 50 cases operated, 84% patients of present study were in the age group of 18-30 years. The mean age was 25 years. The eldest patient in our study was 55 years old. 40 patients were males and 10 were females with male: female ratio of 4:1. Mean VHI score at preoperative, postoperative 1 week and postoperative 1 month were 23.2, 22 and 21.5 respectively. No statistical difference was obtained while comparing the mean VHI score at different time intervals. The scores between 0-30 are in the mild category i.e. minimal amount of handicap.Conclusions: According to our experience a widened nasal cavity has no effect on voice quality and procedures about nasal obstruction like septoplasty can be performed safely. However, professional voice users, in particular, should be informed about the possible minor postoperative changes, before the septoplasty procedure.

Download Full-text

Pattern of congenital heart diseases in Western Rajasthan: an echocardiographic study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1385

Author(s):

Anil Baroopal ◽

Rohit Mathur ◽

Sanjeev Sanghvi ◽

J. P. Soni

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Live Births ◽

Medical College ◽

Echocardiographic Study ◽

Study Population ◽

Male To Female

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) accounts for nearly one third of all major congenital anomalies. Globally the prevalence of CHD is 1.01 to 17.5 per 1000 live births. In India it is 1.3 to 26.4 per 1000 study population. CHD is an important cause of mortality and morbidity representing a global health burden. Early diagnosis and treatment may lead to improved prognosis in patients suffering from CHD. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of CHD in Western Rajasthan, India by echocardiography.Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at Dr. S. N. Medical College and attached group of hospitals in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. The study period was from July 2014 to June 2017. Records of all patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography from newborn to 25 years of age were analyzed for age, sex and CHD findings.Results: In the study period, a total of 24,914 patients underwent echocardiography, of which 877 patients were identified as having CHD. Prevalence of CHD was 35.20 per 1000 study population. Amongst the total diagnosed CHD cases, 489 (55.76%) patients were male, with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. CHDs were diagnosed more commonly between 1 month and 1 year of age (41.28%). The commonest type of acyanotic CHD in the present study was ventricular septal defect (21.44%) and cyanotic CHD was tetralogy of Fallot (18.24%).Conclusions: Prevalence of CHD in Western Rajasthan, India was 35.20 per 1000 study population. Profile of CHDs in the present study was similar to that in published literature.

Download Full-text

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Hepatic Metastases of Malignant Diseases with Cytopathological Correlation

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v23i2.25398 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farhana Sultana ◽

Salahuddin Al Azad ◽

Asifa Sattar ◽

Mohammed Zaid Hossain ◽

Zereen Sultana Deepa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Metastasis ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

Hepatic Metastases ◽

Metastatic Lesion ◽

Common Symptom ◽

College Hospital ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Imaging Department

Objective: A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic metastasis and also to preoperative determination of hepatic metastasis and its validity in diagnostic process.Methods: A total of 52 patients having hepatic metastasis were enrolled in this study taken from Department of Hepatology of two tertiary level medical institutions. After sonographic evaluation of the metastatic lesion, cytopathology was done in all these patients. With written informed consent they were taken care of from the admission up to diagnosis of the hepatic metastasis, and subsequent management in hepatology unit.Place and period of study: Department of Radiology & Imaging, Department of Pathology and Department of Hepatology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital and of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), during the period between July 2006 and June 2007.Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.20±11.9 years, ranging from 21 to 69 years. The highest incidence was in 60-69 years age group. The male and female ratio was 3.7:1. The most common symptom was pain with upper abdominal mass (73.1%), and others were anorexia and nausea with weight loss (67.3%), jaundice (28.8%) and ascites (23.1%). Only the right lobe of the liver was involved in 51.9% cases, left lobe in 28.8% and in 19.2% both lobes of the liver were affected. Hepatic metastasis was found as unifocal lesion in 7.7% and multifocal lesions in 92.3% cases. The echopattern was found 57.7% hyperechoic, 28.8% hypoechoic, and rest 13.5% mixed pattern. All cases were metastasis in sonography findings whereas 90.4% cases were metastasis and 9.6% other lesions in cytopathological findings. The validity of ultrasonography were determined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value which were 93.6%, 80.0%, 92.3%, 97.8% and 57.1% respectively.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.2, October, 2014, Page 239-244

Download Full-text

Role of CT scan in evaluation and management of intestinal obstruction

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 2257

Author(s):

Gaurav Baid ◽

Manohar Lal Dawan ◽

Ashok Parmar

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

X Ray ◽

Pain Abdomen ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Study Population ◽

And Function

Background: Intestinal obstruction is one of the most common diseases in abdominal surgery. It can slowly lead to changes in intestinal structure and function, and in extreme cases it can be life-threatening. CT allows imaging of the abdominal contents outside the lumen, because of this advantage, the nature and site of the obstruction, especially extraluminal or intramural process, can be established.Methods: Prospective Hospital Based study. From January 2016 to November 2016 (11 months). 50 Patients presenting to Department of Surgery, whether in OPD or Emergency, with complaints suggestive of intestinal obstruction with in study duration eligible as per inclusion criteria will be included in the study.Results: In present study Majority (52.0%) of study population belonged to 41-60 years age group. The most common symptom was pain abdomen (94%). Majority (66%) patients showed multiple air fluid level on X-ray. In CT imaging, maximum 36% presented with dilated bowel loops. 86% were diagnosed as sub-acute intestinal obstruction, in USG. In present study, 60% patients were treated by surgery. Majority of patients (86.67%) CT findings matched with perop/ intraoperative findings. Accurate CT findings were helpful in guiding patient management. In our study, CT had the sensitivity of 86.67%, Specificity75%.Conclusions: Management decisions in intestinal obstruction remain notoriously difficult, relying on a combination of clinical and imaging factors to help stratify patients into conservative or surgical treatment.

Download Full-text

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF GALLBLADDER DISEASES IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/4321545 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-36

Author(s):

Kanimozhi. S ◽

Veera Raghavan. G ◽

Sofiya. C ◽

Pushpa. B

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Care Center ◽

Gallbladder Disease ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Gallbladder Diseases ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder disease is known to affect a substantial number of people throughout the world. In India, the disease prevalence is on the rise, largely attributable to dietary & lifestyle changes, thus causing a signicant disease burden. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the varied histological manifestations of gallbladder pathology and their association with cholelithiasis. MATERIALS & METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Kilpauk medical college from January 2018 to December 2018. The clinical data and the histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 156 cases which were studied, 120 cases (77%) had gallstones. The mean age was 47 years. Females had a slight preponderance for gallbladder diseases with the Male: Female ratio being 1:2. 138 cases (89.8%) were diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis. 3 cases were diagnosed to have invasive malignancies. CONCLUSION: A diverse spectrum of diseases affect the gallbladder encompassing inammatory conditions, parasitic infections, pseudoneoplastic lesions and neoplasms. Routine cholecystectomy specimens should be evaluated meticulously as incidental ndings and diagnosis can be transformative.

Download Full-text