scholarly journals Efficacy of Oral Artemisinin and Praziquantel Chemotherapy on Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice by Means of Parasitological Parameters

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Nassar, Adebayo Sulaiman ◽  
Bakarey, Adeleye Solomon ◽  
Abdulazeez, Abubakar Aderemi
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
A Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Different Doses

Aim: Praziquantel-based chemotherapy is generally effective in the control of morbidity, decline in the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections. Nevertheless, the potential emergence of praziquantel resistance in S. mansoni posses danger in the elimination of this neglected tropical disease in Africa. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the in-vivo efficacy of Praziquantel and Artemisinin using mice infected with S. Mansoni cercariae. Methods: Infected mice with S. mansoni were treated with different doses of Artemisinin and Praziquantel from day 42 post infection to assess its efficacy on adult worms and eggs. A 2-day Protocol: artemisinin 400 mg/kg with Praziquantel of 500 mg/kg daily, 4-day protocol: artemisinin 200 mg/kg with praziquantel of 250 mg/kg daily, 6-day protocol: artemisinin 100 mg/kg with praziquantel of 125 mg/kg daily were used. A value of p <0.05 was considered as the level of significance using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: Of the 150 snails collected, 60(40%) were confirmed to be Biomphalaria, while 50(33.3%) and 40(26.3%) were Bulinus and Intercalatum respectively. Highest reduction of 66.3% was found in group II, compared with 58.8% and 56.5% significant reductions in groups I and III, respectively. Also, there were 77.8% and 74.2% significant reductions in eggs per gram of the small intestinal tissue noted in groups I and II respectively as against 63.1% reduction in group III. A significant decline in the percentage of total immature stages of 6.14% in group I was observed when compared to 66.14% in the control. Furthermore, a statistically significant boost of 57.57% was found in the protocol of Artemisinin 100 mg/kg with Praziquantel 125 mg/kg daily (6-day protocol) causing decreases of 43.9% and 42.4% in the total and female worm loads, respectively. The combination decreased intestinal tissue egg loads ranging from 63.1% to 77.8% and liver egg loads ranging from 56.5% to 66.3% rates. Conclusion: Combined effect of the drugs has confirmed some level of efficacy on experimental S.  Mansoni with significant reduction in tissue egg burden.

scholarly journals Uji Senyawa Taurin Sebagai Antikanker Terhadap Jumlah Sel-Sel Leukosit Dan Sel-Sel Eritrosit Mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang Diinduksi Benzo (Α) Pyren Secara In Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agra Maysa ◽  
E. L. Widiastuti ◽  
N. Nurcahyani ◽  
H. Busman
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of taurine supplementation on the totalcount of leucocyte cells and erythrocyte cells of mice that have been induced to benzo (α)pyrene in vivo. The parameters of this experiment were the total count of leucocyte cells anderythrocyte cells of mice (Mus musculus L.). This experiment was conducted in a completerandomized design by using six treatments, each in five replications. The mice were dividedinto six groups. Group I used as control were not given any treatment. Group II were given0,2 mL of oleum olevarum (olive oil) orally to the end of the experiment. Group III wereinduced to benzo (α) pyrene without being given any taurine. Group IV were given 7,8mg/bw of taurine before being induced to benzo (α) pyrene. Group V were given 7,8 mg/bwof taurine after being induced to benzo (α) pyrene. Group VI were given 15,6 mg/bw oftaurine after being induced to benzo (α) pyrene. Mice of group III, V, and VI were injectedwith 0,5 mL of benzo (α) pyrene solution every day for 10 days on their subcutant tissue forthe purpose of a nodule being formed in this area. It was then continued by giving taurineorally for 15 days. In the final treatment, mice blood was taken to count the leucocyte cellsand erythrocyte cells. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) thencontinued by calculating least significant difference at 5 per cent level of significance. Theresults indicated that taurine had the ability to reduce leucocyte cells into its normalquantity, and was able to increase the number of erythrocyte cells of mice suffered fromleukaemia back to normal.Key words: benzo (α) pyrene, leukaemia, leucocyte, mice , taurine

Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. El-Wakil ◽  
H.F. Abdelmaksoud ◽  
T.S. AbouShousha ◽  
M.M.I. Ghallab
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Group I ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media – group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) – then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults’ cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.

scholarly journals In VivoActivity of Aryl Ozonides against Schistosoma Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Keiser ◽  
Katrin Ingram ◽  
Mireille Vargas ◽  
Jacques Chollet ◽  
Xiaofang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Worm Burden

ABSTRACTWe evaluated thein vivoantischistosomal activities of 11 structurally diverse synthetic peroxides. Of all compounds tested, ozonide (1,2,4-trioxolane) OZ418 had the highest activity against adultSchistosoma mansoni, with total and female worm burden reductions of 80 and 90% (P< 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, treatment ofS. haematobium-infected mice with OZ418 reduced the total worm burden by 86%. In conclusion, OZ418 is a promising antischistosomal lead compound.

scholarly journals A comparative study to ascertain the efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine versus intravenous tramadol to prevent post-operative shivering after laparoscopic surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Kishore K. ◽  
Syed Ali Aasim ◽  
Manish Kumar J.
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Power Number ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Envelope Method ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Shivering is commonly encountered both after regional and general anaesthesia (GA) with a little higher incidence in patients receiving GA. The aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and tramadol in decreasing postoperative shivering in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods: Total 120 patients were included in this study. In order to get a 5% level of significance and 80% power number of patients required in each group was 40, with a total of 120 patients. Randomization of groups was done based on closed envelope method. Patients were allocated into three groups group I, II and III of 40 patients each. Patients in group I and group II were administered 0.75 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine and 1.5 mg /kg of tramadol in 100 ml NS respectively half a before extubation, while patients in group III did not receive any pharmacological intervention.Results: All three groups were comparable regarding distribution of age, gender, ASA grade and temperature at beginning and end of surgery and were non-significant.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine seems to possess anti-shivering properties and was found to reduce the occurrence of shivering in patients undergoing general anaesthesia with minimal side effects although its anti-shivering effect was not superior to tramadol.

scholarly journals BONE INDUCTION BY BMP-2 EXPRESSING ADENOVIRAL VECTOR IN RATS UNDER TREATMENT WITH FK506

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Sonobe ◽  
Kazuhisa Bessho ◽  
Shinji Kaihara ◽  
Yasunori Okubo ◽  
Tadahiko Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expressing adenoviral vector in vivo. The day before vector injection, immunosuppressant FK506 was given subcutaneously to each rat at doses of 12 mg/kg (Group I), 6 mg/kg (Group II) and 3 mg/kg (Group III). FK506 was not administered to the six rats of the control group. Twenty-five liters of AXCAOBMP-2 (3.93 × 109pfu/ml) were injected into the right calf muscle of all rats. On day 21 after vector injection, all groups were investigated radiologically, histologically, and biochemically. Osteoinduction was seen in the AxCAOBMP-2-injected groups with immunosuppression. However, no bone formation was observed in the control group. These findings suggest that AxCAOBMP-2 has the potential of osteoinduction under transient immunosuppression. AxCAOBMP-2 may be useful for future clinical application in bone reconstruction, if host immunity response can be regulated.

scholarly journals Pentoxifylline Attenuates Methionine- and Choline-Deficient-Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis by Suppressing TNF-αExpression and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyung Chae ◽  
Sang Gyu Park ◽  
Sun-Ok Song ◽  
Eun Seok Kang ◽  
Bong Soo Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Er Stress ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hep3b Cells ◽  
Protein Response

Background. Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-TNF properties are known to exert hepatoprotective effects in various liver injury models. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PTX has beneficial roles in the development of methionine- and choline-deficient-(MCD-) diet-induced NAFLD SD ratsin vivoand TNF-α-induced Hep3B cellsin vitro.Methods. SD Rats were classified according to diet (chow or MCD diet) and treatment (normal saline or PTX injection) over a period of 4 weeks: group I (chow + saline,n=4), group II (chow + PTX), group III (MCD + saline), and group IV (MCD + PTX). Hep3B cells were treated with 100 ng/ml TNF-α(24 h) in the absence or presence of PTX (1 mM).Results. PTX attenuated MCD-diet-induced serum ALT levels and hepatic steatosis. In real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, PTX decreased MCD-diet-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression and proapoptotic unfolded protein response by ER stress (GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1α, CHOP, and p-JNK activation)in vivo. PTX (1 mM) reduced TNF-α-induced activation of GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1α, and CHOPin vitro.Conclusion. PTX has beneficial roles in the development of MCD-diet-induced steatohepatitis through partial suppression of TNF-αand ER stress.

Allograft T Cell Content Influences Early Engraftment after Reduced-Intensity Stem Cell Transplantation (RIST).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3662-3662
Author(s):  
Robert M. Dean ◽  
Daniel H. Fowler ◽  
Nancy M. Hardy ◽  
Jeanne Odom ◽  
Kathleen Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Donor Chimerism ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Donor T Cells ◽  
Reduced Intensity

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) generally engraft rapidly and completely after myeloablative conditioning. However, with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), mixed chimerism and graft failure are more common. Host immune status and HSC number are factors known to affect engraftment after reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST). In addition, donor T cells within the allograft may also influencethe kinetics of donor engraftment after RIST. To evaluate this, we performed a controlled comparison of engraftment outcomes among 3 groups undergoing RIST, varying by ex vivo T cell depletion (TCD) or in vivo depletion of activated T cells with methotrexate (MTX) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Group I (n = 50) received T cell replete (TCR) peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) with cyclosporine (CSA) alone for GVHD prophylaxis. Group II (n = 17) received ex vivo TCD PBSC (positive/negative selection with T cell add-back to uniform dose of 1 x 105 CD3+ cells/kg) with CSA alone for GVHD prophylaxis. Group III (n = 31) received TCR PBSC with CSA plus MTX (5 mg/m2 IV x 4 doses) for GVHD prophylaxis. The 3 groups were similarly immunosuppressed from prior therapy before RIST (median absolute lymphocyte counts 330/μL, 260/μL, and 307/μL for Groups I, II, and III, respectively), and received an identical RIC regimen (fludarabine/cyclophosphamide) plus comparable numbers of filgrastim-mobilized PBSC from HLA-matched sibling donors (median 7.9 x 106, 7.6 x 106, and 6.8 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg, respectively; median 3.6 x 108, 1.0 x 105, and 3.2 x 108 CD3+ cells/kg, respectively). Hematopoietic recovery was slowest in Group III, consistent with the myelosuppressive effects of MTX (Table). A greater proportion of patients in Group I achieved complete donor chimerism (≥ 95%) by day +28 than in Groups II or III (P &lt; 0.025), and at day +100, mixed donor chimerism persisted more often in Groups II and III than in Group I patients (P &lt; 0.01). Correspondingly, early (&lt; day +42) occurrence of grade 3–4 acute GVHD, before initiation of planned sequential donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in Group II, was more frequent in Group I than in either Groups II or III (p=0.08). Table: Hematopoietic Recovery, Engraftment, and GVHD Group Days to ANC &gt; 500, median (range) Days to plt &gt; 100, median (range) Donor chimerism ≥ 95% Early acute GVHD, grades 3–4 Day +28 Day +100 I 9 (7–13) 15.5 (12-42) 37/44 (84%) 36/38 (95%) 9/50 (18%) II 9 (7–10) 17.5 (11–40) 8/17 (47%) 9/14 (65%) 0/17 (0%) III 14 (7–21) 21.5 (12–85) 23/31 (74%) 21/31 (68%) 2/31 (6%) Thus, the deletion of T cells by either ex vivo TCD or in vivo MTX administration measurably alters the kinetics and degree of donor T cell engraftment after RIST. These observations provide evidence that donor T cells are an independent factor affecting engraftment of allogeneic HSC after RIST by compensating for incomplete host immune ablation. These data also support the hypothesis that a graft-versus-host effect plays a significant role in engraftment after RIST. Manipulation of donor T cells through graft engineering techniques may be a useful strategy to enhance engraftment in the setting of RIST.

scholarly journals Propofol Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Associated with Reduced Apoptosis in Rat Liver

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali F. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Wahid M. Al-Harizy
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Bax Gene ◽  
Hepatic Protection ◽  
Different Doses

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic, reported to have a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in heart and brain, but no definite data are available concerning its effect in hepatic I/R. This work investigated the effect of propofol anesthesia on hepatic I/R injury using in vivo rat model. Four groups of rats were included: sham operated, I/R (30 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion), I/R treated with propofol (10 mg/kg/h), and I/R treated with propofol (20 mg/kg/h). Liver enzyme leakage, TNF-α and caspase-3 levels, and antiapoptotic Bcl-xL/apoptotic Bax gene expression, together with histopathological changes, were used to evaluate the extent of hepatic I/R injury. Compared with sham-operated group, I/R group showed significant increase in serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST), TNF-α, and caspase-3 and significant decrease in the Bcl-xL/Bax ratio, associated with histopathologic damage in liver. Propofol infusion significantly attenuated these changes with reduced hepatic histopathologic lesions compared with nonpreconditioned I/R group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups treated with different doses of propofol. In conclusion, propofol infusion reduced hepatic I/R injury with decreased markers of cellular apoptosis. Therefore, propofol anesthesia may provide a useful hepatic protection during liver surgery.

scholarly journals Determination of Maxillary Incisal Edge Position using Canine Visibility as a Guide – An In vivo Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Ankita Piplani ◽  
G. Ganadhipathi ◽  
M. C. Suresh Sajjan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Incisal Edge ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Purpose:  To evaluate the reliability of the visibility of the central incisor & the canine for the cervico incisal positioning of anterior maxillary teeth related to age & sex while the upper lip was in repose in dentate patients & the development of rehabilitation recommendations for edentulous individuals with regard to the location of the maxillary incisal edge Methodology: 308 subjects [152 Males & 156 Females] belonging to the age of 30 to 59 years were selected using a simple stratified random technique. There were three age and sex groups: Group I was 30 to 39 years old, Group II was 40 to 49 years old, and Group III was 50 to 59 years old. The vertical distances (in mm) between the lower border of the upper lip and the right maxillary central incisal edge and canine tip were measured and recorded using adhesive tape marked with millimetres. A single examiner recorded all the measurements and the values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Men in Groups I and II had maxillary central incisor exposure ranging from +6 to -1mm, whereas males in Group III had exposure ranging from +5 to -2mm. There was an exposure range of +6 to -2 mm in females in Group I, +7 to -2 mm in Group II, and +5 to -2 mm in Group III for the central incisors. While the canine exposure in Group I and II and Group III ranged from +2 to -4mm in females, the exposure ranged from +3 to -3mm in men of all ages. In all groups, females had statistically significant (P0.05) more central incisor and canine exposure than men. Conclusions: The canine visibility was less variable in all the age groups and in both males and females in comparison to the central incisor. When restoring edentulous individuals, the average canine exposure dimension can be employed for cervico-incisal location of the anterior maxillary teeth.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF THE SIMMENTAL BREED BULLS BY PROBIOTICS VETOSPORIN SUSPENSION FEEDING

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Фаргат Вагапов ◽  
Fargat Vagapov ◽  
Наталья Гизатова ◽  
Natal'y Gizatova
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Different Doses

The purpose of research is increase of beef productivity and beef quality of Simmental calves at introduc-tion in a diet of feeding different doses of the drug Vetosporin suspension. Of the half-yearly animals, 40 males were selected and formed into group IV for the experiment. The differences were only in feeding. The young were fed the studied additive Vetosporin suspension. In this case, the supplement was an addi-tion to the basic diet of animals of the experimental II-IV groups. The volume of the additive added was 0.1; 1.0; and 2 ml per 10 kg of live weight, respectively. Control group I, consumed exclusively a diet that does not contain an additive. Based on the results of the experiment at the age of 18 months. The prevalence of bulls of the experimental live weight over peers was observed, which was 4.4-25.3 kg (0.78-4.67%). The study of the studied indicators after control slaughter in the context of groups showed the superiority of bulls of experimental groups in all the periods studied. It is established that at the age of 15 months. The size of the removable live weight of the youngest of the control group was less by 8.0-19.7 kg (1.75-4.29%) than in the animals of the test groups. In this case, the leading position was occupied by the youngest of group III, the prevalence of which was 0.7-11.7 (0.14 -2.51%). It should be noted that after 3 months a simi-lar picture of the distribution of the studied quantities was observed. As for the output of carcass, we can note the following. Outsider among the animals of the experimental groups was the control group. So the bulls of group I were inferior to those who received the additive by 0.7-1.3%. At 18 months, as well as at 15 months, the dominant position was occupied by gobies of experimental groups. It should be noted that among the animals of the experimental groups the leading place was occupied by the bulls receiving the feed additive in a dose of 1.0 ml per 10 kg of live weight, that is, the youngest of the III group.

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