scholarly journals Catalytic Conversion of Sugarcane Bagasse into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Omer Adam Omer Ishag ◽  
Adam Mousa Mohammed ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed Ali ◽  
Awadalla B. Omer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Chromium Chloride ◽  
Tetramethylammonium Chloride

Furan derivatives especially 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural has recently been regarded as one important precursor for the production of biofuels and biobased compounds. Aims: The aim of this study was to convert sugarcane bagasse into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using Tetrabutylammonium bromide, Tetramethylammonium chloride and metal chlorides (chromium chloride, copper chloride, ferric chloride and cobalt chloride) in dimethylsulphoxide; using different reaction time and temperatures. Study Design:  The design of this study includes preparation of two different systems of catalyst to convert sugarcane bagasse into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Place and Duration of Study: This study conducted at Department of Applied and Industrial Chemistry, International University of Africa- Sudan, between 2017 and 2019. Methodology: Two different catalytic systems were prepared to convert sugarcane bagasse into 5-hydroxymethylfurfaural, the first system Tetrabutylammonium bromide and metal chlorides (Chromium chloride, copper chloride, ferric chloride and cobalt chloride) in dimethyl sulphoxide; the second system tetrametheylammonium chloride and same metal chlorides in dimethylsulphoxide. The conversion of sugarcane bagasse was conducted at temperatures 100, 130 and 150°C; in addition to reaction times 60, 90 and 120 min.  Results: The obtained results indicated that the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was high 53.41% at 150°C and 120 min reaction time when chrome chloride was used in Tetrabutylammonium bromide and dimethylsulphoxide as co-solvent; although the highest yield 89.23%, was noted also at same condition, when chromium chloride was used in Tetramethylammonium chloride and dimethylsulphoxide as co-solvent. Conclusion: Based on these results chromium chloride was considered the best catalyst for yielding 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from sugarcane bagasse in both Tertabutylammonium bromide and Tetramethylammonium chloride; but is best in Tetramethylammonium chloride.

Reversal of Meconium Inhibition of Pulmonary Surfactant by Ferric Chloride, Copper Chloride, and Acetic Acid

2000 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 1789-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUNAR ALMAAS ◽  
BENGT ROBERTSON ◽  
BIM LINDERHOLM ◽  
EVA LUNDBERG ◽  
OLA D. SAUGSTAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Copper Chloride

Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse with ferric chloride pretreatment and surfactant

2017 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdan Zhang ◽  
Guangying Ye ◽  
Yutuo Wei ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Aiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Surface Properties and Biological Activity of the Synthesized Polymeric Surfactant and its Complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3678-3688
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Polymeric Surfactant ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Vinyl Pyridine ◽  
Scanning Electron

Poly (4-vinyl pyridine) (P4-VP) was quaternized and complexed with salt chloride to obtain polymeric surfactant complexes having to improve surface properties and microbial activity. P4-VP was quarternized by trimethyl chloro silane to give (QP4-VP) (I) and then complexed by using stannous chloride and cobalt chloride to give polymeric surfactant complexes. The quaternized P4-VP and its complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the surface properties of this polymeric surfactant and its complexes were studied. The influence of metal chlorides on the antibacterial activity of this polymeric surfactant was estimated and screened through the length of the field of hindrance versus various microorganisms. It shows an enhancement in the surface characteristics and fine germicidal action for quaternized P4-VP when complexed with metal chlorides. The designed cationic polymeric surfactant and its complexes have a good biological action against all such microorganisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Composition of Iron-Cobalt Oxide Catalyst and Process Parameters on The Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sugarcane Bagasse

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Govindasamy ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
Sunu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Total Oil

Development of catalyst with high deoxygenation activity and optimum process parameters are the key for getting the highest biooil yield with the least oxygen content by hydrothermal liquefaction. With this view, iron-cobalt oxides of Co/Fe ratio 0.33, 1.09, 2.35, and 3.52 were prepared by co-precipitation method, and characterized by XRD, BET surface area, chemical composition by EDX method, and evaluated for hydrothermal liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse in a high-pressure batch reactor under subcritical conditions using CO as process gas to find the optimum Co/Fe ratio and process parameters. Optimum Co/Fe ratio was found to be 1.09 as it gave the highest bio-oil yield of 57.6% with the least oxygen content of 10.8%, attributed to the cobalt ferrite, the major phase present in it. The optimum temperature, initial CO pressure, water/biomass ratio, catalyst/biomass ratio and reaction time for the highest oil yield with the least oxygen content were found to be 250 °C, 45 bar, 28, 0.4, and 120 min,  respectively. From the effect of reaction time, it was found that much of the hydrolysis of lignocellulose to water soluble oxygenates, its deoxygenation to bio-oil and its deoxygenation to low oxygen containing bio-oil took place in initial 15 min, 15 to 60 min, and from 30 to 120 min, respectively. Total oil yield (%) was lower by 21% and % oxygen in total oil was higher by 9.9% for spent catalyst compared to fresh catalyst indicating the erosion in the deoxygenation activity of catalyst and thus need for improving its hydrothermal stability. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis Enhancement by Microwave-Assisted Sulfolane Pretreatment

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Portero-Barahona ◽  
Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars

Sugarcane bagasse is the major by-product of the sugarcane industry and, due to its abundant availability, it has been extensively studied for lignocellulosic bioconversion in the production of bioethanol and other value-added commercial products. In the study presented herein, a combined pretreatment using sulfolane, TiO2 and alkali microwave irradiation (MW-A) was assessed for the dissolution of lignin prior to enzymatic saccharification of holocellulose. Total reducing sugars (TRS) and saccharinic acid yields were investigated. The increase in NaOH concentration up to 5% and in temperature from 120 °C to 140 °C were found to have a positive influence on both yields. While increasing the reaction time from 5 to 60 min only led to an increase in TRS yield <2%, a reaction time of 30 min almost doubled the saccharinic acids production. TRS yields and saccharinic acid production were approximately 5% and 33% higher when the sulfolane-TiO2 reaction medium was used, as compared to MW-A in water, reaching up to 64.8% and 15.24 g/L of saccharinic acids, respectively. The proposed MW-A pretreatment may hold promise for industrial applications, given the good TRS yields obtained, and the associated enzyme and time/energy savings. The use of sulfolane-TiO2 reaction medium is encouraged if saccharinic acids are to be recovered too.

scholarly journals Effect of Metal Chlorides on the Pyrolysis of Wheat Straw

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury V. Lugovoy ◽  
Kirill V. Chalov ◽  
Yury Yu Kosivtsov ◽  
Antonina A. Stepacheva ◽  
Esther M. Sulman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Carbon Residue ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Metal Chlorides

In this paper, the results of the study on the influence of the addition of 10 wt.% of FeCl3, CoCl2, NiCl2, ZnCl2, SnCl2, and CuCl2 on the wheat straw pyrolysis process are presented. The studied chlorides were found to affect the pyrolysis process; however, the highest activity was observed while using CuCl2. The presence of the copper chloride led to the decrease in the temperature of the initial destruction of hemicellulose fraction of wheat straw by 64°С. Besides, the use of CuCl2 allowed increasing the yield of liquid and solid pyrolysis products as well as decreasing the molecular weight distribution of the volatiles. Moreover, the increase in the hydrogen and decrease in carbon dioxide concentration were also observed in the presence of copper chloride. The analysis of the solid residue obtained in the wheat straw pyrolysis in the presence of CuCl2 showed the increase in the specific surface area of the carbon residue from 24 up to 63.5 m2/g in comparison with that obtained for the noncatalytic process.

Preparing and Application of Polymerized Aluminum-Ferrum Chloride

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1956-1960
Author(s):  
Gui Lin Lu ◽  
Hai Yan Yu ◽  
Shi Wen Bi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Method ◽  
Reaction Processes ◽  
The Way

Put forward a new method to prepare polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC). Discuss the effect of starting materials, reaction processes on the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide. Application properties were tested. The results showed that both diasporic bauxite and the red mud from gibbsite (RMG) do not need to be baked. In the case of diasporic bauxite, the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide reach 4.15% and 78.32% respectively under the conditions that the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 6mol/L, the reaction time is 60 minutes, the reaction temperature is about 109°C, and the way of extracting is two-step extracting. In the case of RMG, the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide reach 89.00% and 98.39% respectively under the same conditions. Diasporic bauxite is not a suitable raw material for PAFC synthesizing. The PAFC prepared from RMG was used to treat active black KN-B dye-containing wastewater and the Kaolin-containing wastewater. The maximum depollution ratio is 98.0% and 97.0 % respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis and electrical properties of silver nanoplates for electronic applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Xiong ◽  
Zhili Li ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Yuzhen Zhao ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Conductive Adhesives ◽  
Silver Nanoplates ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Silver Flakes

AbstractIn this paper, silver nanoplates of 100 to 500 nm size were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate with N,Ndimethylformamide, using poly(vinylpyrolidone) as a surfactant and ferric chloride as a controlling agent, at 120 to 160 °C for 5 to 24 hours. The influence of the concentration of ferric chloride, the reaction temperature and reaction time on the morphology of the product has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that the products obtained at the low reaction temperature and short reaction time in the presence of FeCl3 in the reaction solution were in the form of silver nanoplates, whose morphology was mainly triangular and hexagonal. In addition, the size and thickness of the nanoplates increased with increasing of the FeCl3 concentration. At a high reaction temperature and long reaction time, the truncated triangle and hexagonal nanoplates were mainly produced. Furthermore, the sintering behavior of nanoplates was studied and the results showed that sintering of the silver nanoplates started at 180 °C, and a typical sintering behavior was observed at higher temperatures. The incorporation of the silver nanoplates into the polymer matrix with micro-sized silver flakes led to an increase in the matrix resistivity in almost all cases, especially at high fractions and low curing temperatures. The curing temperature had an influence on the resistivity of the conductive adhesives filled with micro-sized silver flakes and silver nanoplates due to sintering of the silver nanoplates.

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