scholarly journals Biostimulants: Potential and Prospects in Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Ingudam Bhupenchandra ◽  
Soibam Helena Devi ◽  
Anjali Basumatary ◽  
Samiron Dutta ◽  
Laishram Kanta Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
By Products

In the last thirty years, numerous scientific revolutions have been planned to improve the ecological balance of agricultural production methods, via a considerable decrease of inorganic compounds like pesticides, synthetic plant growth hormones and fertilizers. A favorable and environment sustainable modernization should be the practice of normal plant biostimulants (PBs) which augment flowering, plant evolution, fruit formation, crop output and efficient nutrient mobilization, and ability to endure a varied array of abiotic stressors. PBs was primarily deciphered via exclusive of various functions similar to fertilizers or plant protection by-products. They are assorted constituents and microbes resorted to boost plant development. This review aimed to present the plant biostimulants definition, major classifications, and impacts on floras, soil and ecology.

scholarly journals Trends in flower symmetry evolution revealed through phylogenetic and developmental genetic advances

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1648) ◽  
pp. 20130348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena C. Hileman
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Flower Symmetry ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Developmental Programme

A striking aspect of flowering plant (angiosperm) diversity is variation in flower symmetry. From an ancestral form of radial symmetry (polysymmetry, actinomorphy), multiple evolutionary transitions have contributed to instances of non-radial forms, including bilateral symmetry (monosymmetry, zygomorphy) and asymmetry. Advances in flowering plant molecular phylogenetic research and studies of character evolution as well as detailed flower developmental genetic studies in a few model species (e.g. Antirrhinum majus , snapdragon) have provided a foundation for deep insights into flower symmetry evolution. From phylogenetic studies, we have a better understanding of where during flowering plant diversification transitions from radial to bilateral flower symmetry (and back to radial symmetry) have occurred. From developmental studies, we know that a genetic programme largely dependent on the functional action of the CYCLOIDEA gene is necessary for differentiation along the snapdragon dorsoventral flower axis. Bringing these two lines of inquiry together has provided surprising insights into both the parallel recruitment of a CYC -dependent developmental programme during independent transitions to bilateral flower symmetry, and the modifications to this programme in transitions back to radial flower symmetry, during flowering plant evolution.

scholarly journals Safety in Wine Production: A Pilot Study on the Quality Evaluation of Prosecco Wine in the Framework of UE Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Marcotrigiano ◽  
Sandro Cinquetti ◽  
Riccardo Flamini ◽  
Mirko De Rosso ◽  
Luca Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels

In Italy, wine production is considered a sector of excellence, where the wines’ appreciable sensory features are favored by environmental factors, including weather and climate conditions, which benefit territories with a specific vocation. The whole chain involves many economic and agri-food sector operators, and requires an in-depth assessment of specific risks for identifying critical points, keeping the entire production process under control, and ensuring product traceability. This article describes the results of a pilot study conducted in the Prosecco DOCG (Designations of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin) area, concerning the detection of residues of plant protection products in fifty wine bottles. Although considerably below the maximum residue levels, all the samples tested were positive, ranging from two to five active substances detected in each sample. In addition to the provisions of the European Community legislation, this paper critically evaluates some best practices models that are already used by the Wine Federations of Italy, with the aim of identifying advantages of and areas for improvement in production methods, applicable to raw materials reception, rasping, storage, and bottling phases, in order to guarantee product safety and quality.

scholarly journals Anaerobiosis and plant growth hormones induce two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
T I Zarembinski ◽  
A Theologis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants

The plant hormone ethylene is believed to be responsible for the ability of rice to grow in the deepwater regions of Southeast Asia. Ethylene production is induced by hypoxia, which is caused by flooding, because of enhanced activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, the key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. We have cloned three divergent members, (OS-ACS1, OS-ACS2, and OS-ACS3), of a multigene family encoding ACC synthase in rice. OS-ACS1 resides on chromosome 3 and OS-ACS3 on chromosome 5 in the rice genome. The OS-ACS1 and OS-ACS3 genes are induced by anaerobiosis and indoleacetic acid (IAA) + benzyladenine (BA) + LiCl treatment. The anaerobic induction is differential and tissue specific; OS-ACS1 is induced in the shoots, whereas OS-ACS3 is induced in the roots. These inductions are insensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that they are primary responses to the inducers. All three genes are actually induced when protein synthesis is inhibited, indicating that they may be under negative control or that their mRNAs are unstable. The OS-ACS1 gene was structurally characterized, and the function of its encoded protein (M(r) = 53 112 Da, pI 8.2) was confirmed by expression experiments in Escherichia coli. The protein contains all eleven invariant amino acid residues that are conserved between aminotransferases and ACC synthases cloned from various dicotyledonous plants. The amino acid sequence shares significant identity to other ACC synthases (69-34%) and is more similar to sequences in other plant species (69% with the tomato LE-ACS3) than to other rice ACC synthases (50-44%). The data suggest that the extraordinary degree of divergence among ACC synthase isoenzymes within each species arose early in plant evolution and before the divergence of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.

Gluconic acid: Properties, production methods and applications—An excellent opportunity for agro-industrial by-products and waste bio-valorization

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1891-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Cañete-Rodríguez ◽  
Inés M. Santos-Dueñas ◽  
Jorge E. Jiménez-Hornero ◽  
Armin Ehrenreich ◽  
Wolfgang Liebl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Acid Properties ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
By Products

Soil, water and crop management practices in the dryland farming regions of Turkey

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sefik Yesilsoy ◽  
Sabit Ersahin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Main Production ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

AbstractTurkey is experiencing pressure to increase crop production per unit area to achieve self-reliance in food supply. The main production concern before 1970 was to increase crop yields to meet the national consumption of an ever-increasing population. During this time the country's capability to produce wheat was insufficient to meet the national demand. After the initiation of the National Wheat Research and Extension Project in 1969 the objectives of wheat production methods were changed to achieve not only higher but more economical yields per unit area. As a result the total area sown to wheat increased by only 9% between 1969 and 1990, whereas yields and total production increased 75 and 90%, respectively. This was due to developing or importing high-yielding varieties adapted to dry areas, increasing use of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals, and timely use of proper tillage made possible with modem equipment. Transferring research results to farmers and exchanging information with international scientists led Turkish scientists to establish the new goal of developing ecologically sound farming systems that could achieve higher, more economical yields per unit area. The key to this approach is to maintain or increase soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Characterization of the single FERONIA homolog in Marchantia polymorpha reveals an ancestral role of CrRLK1L receptor kinases in regulating cell expansion and morphological integrity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Mecchia ◽  
Moritz Rövekamp ◽  
Alejandro Giraldo-Fonseca ◽  
Dario Meier ◽  
Philippe Gadient ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Ancestral Function

SummaryPlant cells are surrounded by a cell wall, a rigid structure rich in polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The cell wall is not only important for cell and organ shape, but crucial for intercellular communication, plant-microbe interactions, and as a barrier to the environment. In the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the 17 members of the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) receptor kinase subfamily are involved in a multitude of physiological and developmental processes involving the cell wall, including reproduction, hormone signaling, cell expansion, innate immunity, and various stress responses. Due to genetic redundancy and the fact that individual CrRLK1Ls can have distinct and sometimes opposing functions, it is difficult to assess the primary or ancestral function of CrRLK1Ls. To reduce genetic complexity, we characterized the single CrRLK1L gene of Marchantia polymorpha, MpFERONIA (MpFER). Plants with reduced MpFER levels show defects in vegetative development, i.e., rhizoid formation and cell expansion, but also affect male fertility. In contrast, Mpfer null mutants and overexpression lines severely affect cell integrity and morphogenesis of the gametophyte. Thus, the CrRLK1L gene family originated from a single gene with an ancestral function in cell expansion and the maintenance of cellular integrity. During land plant evolution, this ancestral gene diversified and was recruited to fulfil a multitude of specialized physiological and developmental and roles in the formation of both gametophytic and sporophytic structures essential to the life cycle of flowering plants.

Development of a botanical plant protection product from Larix by-products

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381 ◽  
Author(s):  
EE James ◽  
DA Mulholland ◽  
MK Langat ◽  
I Kleeberg ◽  
J Treutwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Palm Methyl Ester (PME) –Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Aasif Procha
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
By Products ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

In the era of the increase in globalization, this led to increase in industrialization and motorization. It’s obvious that with the increase in motorization the consumptions of auto fuels had been increased since long. This may lead to a reduction of fuels (diesel & petrol). Also, environmental issues have arisen from the emissions of toxic pollutants and greenhouse gases. Hence, it is necessary to look for an alternate energy source to respond this problem. To overcome this problem the replacer of fuel in CI engines had been introduced, i.e. “biodiesel”. Biodiesel is composed of fatty acid and some vegetable oils. This review paper briefly describes different biodiesel production methods, especially the production of biodiesel using palm methyl ester (PME) oil, by transesterification process. In addition, it also compares the yield of biodiesel produced form mill effluents and palm oil by-products using flask and batch reactor.

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