scholarly journals Studies on Immunomodulatory Effect of Casein Phospho Peptide Isolated from Cultured Dairy Product

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Indumathi Mullaiselvan ◽  
Vijayarani Kanagaraj ◽  
Saranya Sekar ◽  
Baskaran Dharmar ◽  
Rathnapraba Sambandan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Ft Ir

Bioactive peptides have been defined as specific protein fragments that have an impact on body functions or conditions and may ultimately influence health. Fermented milk is a dairy product which has abundance of bioactive peptides. In this study, Casein Phospho peptide (CPP) was isolated by enzymatic hydrolysis of fermented milk using trypsin. The molecular weight of the Casein Phospho peptide was 3.5 KDa. The anti-bacterial activity of Casein Phospho peptide was determined using four pathogens such as, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. Casein phospho peptide formed a zone of inhibition against the pathogens. The bioactive peptides were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Casein Phospho peptide had aliphatic amine, acetyl amino I and acetyl amino II functional groups. The HPLC analysis of Casein Phospho peptide revealed that the major amino acid present was L- Glutamic acid and the amino acid present in lesser concentration was Leucine. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from human blood and the cells were treated with Casein Phospho peptide to assess the immunomodulatory effect. Casein Phospho peptide was able to produce a higher concentration of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines when treated with PBMCs.

Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Proteins and Peptides

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-141
Author(s):  
Fatma Esra Güneş
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Food Proteins ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Generation

Bioactive peptides (BP) are specific protein fragments that can affect biological processes or substrates that have a positive impact on functions and conditions on body health. Plant and animal sources that contain physiologically active food proteins, native or processed, are rich sources of bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides derived from food proteins have been demostrated to have variety of beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. BP are accepted the new generation of biologically active regulators; they can prevent oxidation and microbial degradation in foods and furthermore improve quality of life by treating various diseases and disorders. The present review highlights the recent findings on the roles of various food-derived bioactive peptides in inflammation and oxidative stress and discuss the potential benefits and limitations of using these compounds against the burden of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Incomplete APOBEC3G/F Neutralization by HIV-1 Vif Mutants Facilitates the Genetic Evolution from CCR5 to CXCR4 Usage

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 4870-4881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Alteri ◽  
Matteo Surdo ◽  
Maria Concetta Bellocchi ◽  
Patrizia Saccomandi ◽  
Fabio Continenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cxcr4 Usage ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Vif Protein ◽  
Defective Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTIncomplete APOBEC3G/F neutralization by a defective HIV-1Vif protein can promote genetic diversification by inducing G-to-A mutations in the HIV-1 genome. The HIV-1 Env V3 loop, critical for coreceptor usage, contains several putative APOBEC3G/F target sites. Here, we determined if APOBEC3G/F, in the presence of Vif-defective HIV-1 virus, can induce G-to-A mutations at V3 positions critical to modulation of CXCR4 usage. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from 2 HIV-1-negative donors were infected with CCR5-using 81.A-VifWTvirus (i.e., with wild-type [WT] Vif protein), 81.A-VifE45G, or 81.A-VifK22E(known to incompletely/partially neutralize APOBEC3G/F). The rate of G-toA mutations was zero or extremely low in 81.A-VifWT- and 81.A-VifE45G-infected PBMC from both donors. Conversely, G-to-A enrichment was detected in 81.A-VifK22E-infected PBMC (prevalence ranging from 2.18% at 7 days postinfection [dpi] to 3.07% at 21 dpi in donor 1 and from 10.49% at 7 dpi to 8.69% at 21 dpi in donor 2). A similar scenario was found in MDM. G-to-A mutations occurred at 8 V3 positions, resulting in nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions. Of them, G24E and E25K strongly correlated with phenotypically/genotypically defined CXCR4-using viruses (P= 0.04 and 5.5e−7, respectively) and increased the CXCR4 N-terminal binding affinity for V3 (WT, −40.1 kcal/mol; G24E, −510 kcal/mol; E25K, −522 kcal/mol). The analysis of paired V3 and Vif DNA sequences from 84 HIV-1-infected patients showed that the presence of a Vif-defective virus correlated with CXCR4 usage in proviral DNA (P= 0.04). In conclusion, incomplete APOBEC3G/F neutralization by a single Vif amino acid substitution seeds a CXCR4-using proviral reservoir. This can have implications for the success of CCR5 antagonist-based therapy, as well as for the risk of disease progression.

SLC3A2 mutation as a genetic biomarker for dMMR in colorectal cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13545-e13545
Author(s):  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Tanxiao Huang ◽  
Xiaoni Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Dna Mismatch ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Target Capture ◽  
H 41 ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

e13545 Background: SLC3A2 (solute carrier family member 2) 3 is a member of the SLC3 family Ⅱ transmembrane glycoprotein, which is a key component of heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs). The association between SLC3A2 and cancer was established, given that the amino acid supply by SLC3A2 is required for the resistance of oxidative stress and the maintenance of cell proliferation. However, whether SLC3A2 mutation plays a role in carcinogenesis remains unclear. Methods: This study enrolled 1000 colorectal cancer patients. Tumor tissues and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected for the sequencing of cancer-related genes by target capture and next-generation sequencing. Results: p.Lys301Argfs*31 mutation in SLC3A2 were detected in 40(40/1000, 4.0%) patients. low TMB and MSS were reported in 2 cases while the remaining 38 cases exhibited high TMB and MSI-H. 41(41/1000, 4.1%) DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) were identified in 41(41/1000, 4.1%) tumor samples, 27(27/41, 65.9%) of which had p.Lys301Argfs*31 mutation. Moreover, this frameshift mutation (COSM253097) was observed in 28 cases of large intestine cancer, 1 case of peritoneum cancer, 1 case of Stomach cancer, 1 case of biliary tract cancer and 1 case of ovary cancer in the COSMIC database. Conclusions: p.Lys301Argfs*31 mutation of SLC3A2 was identified in the majority of colorectal cancer cases with dMMR events, suggesting that this mutation may be a biomarker of dMMR.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory effect of Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 supplementation in puppies vaccinated against canine parvovirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 898-902
Author(s):  
Helen C. Franz ◽  
Neida L. Conrad ◽  
Francisco D.S. Santos ◽  
Vitória S. Gonçalves ◽  
Renata N. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Mrna Transcription ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Probiotic Microorganism ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Bacillus Toyonensis

ABSTRACT: Bacillus toyonensis is a probiotic microorganism that for decades has been used in animal nutrition around the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of oral B. toyonensis supplementation in dogs vaccinated against canine parvovirus. Puppies were randomly selected and divided in two groups, one received B. toyonensis at a concentration of 2x108 viable spores per day and another group without supplementation was left as control. The puppies were vaccinated against canine parvovirus type 2. B. toyonensis supplementation was efficient in stimulating specific IgG for parvovirus with titers of 2, 3, and 2.5-fold higher than controls at 7, 21, and 35 pos-vaccination days respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from dogs were cultured and stimulated with B. toyonensis DNA, vegetative cell and spores. The mRNA transcription of cytokines IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ up modulated by the stimuli. Thus, we conclude in this study that B. toyonensis supplementation may amplify the vaccine immune response against canine parvovirus.

scholarly journals Case Report: Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei Infection in a Patient With Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis and a Novel STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang Chen ◽  
Junfeng Tan ◽  
Shenxian Qian ◽  
Shenghai Wu ◽  
Qiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Talaromyces Marneffei ◽  
Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Mucosal Candidiasis

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a disorder of recurrent or persistent chronic noninvasive symptomatic infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes. This disorder is primarily caused by Candida albicans. Many factors, including primary immunodeficiencies, can make a host more susceptible to CMC. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are the most common genetic etiologies of CMC. We describe a case of CMC with disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection caused by a new pathogenic Y287N mutation at amino acid 287 in the coiled-coiled domain of STAT1, which was identified using whole-exome sequencing. Position 287 might be a hot spot for missense mutations because several amino acid substitutions were found there. Flow cytometry suggested that the Y287N mutation might reduce the expression of IL-17 of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. The STAT1 Y287N GOF mutation may be the direct cause of recurrent cutaneous and mucosal candidiasis, including the T. marneffei infection in this patient.

scholarly journals Characterisation andIn SilicoAnalysis of Interleukin-4 cDNA of Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and Indian Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M. Saini ◽  
T. K. Palai ◽  
D. K. Das ◽  
K. M. Hatle ◽  
P. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced from Th2 cells modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. It is a common belief that wild animals possess better immunity against diseases than domestic and laboratory animals; however, the immune system of wild animals is not fully explored yet. Therefore, a comparative study was designed to explore the wildlife immunity through characterisation of IL-4 cDNA of nilgai, a wild ruminant, and Indian buffalo, a domestic ruminant. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of nilgai and Indian buffalo and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Respective cDNA was further cloned and sequenced. Sequences were analysed in silico and compared with their homologues available at GenBank. The deduced 135 amino acid protein of nilgai IL-4 is 95.6% similar to that of Indian buffalo. N-linked glycosylation sequence, leader sequence, Cysteine residues in the signal peptide region, and 3′ UTR of IL-4 were found to be conserved across species. Six nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions were found in Indian buffalo compared to nilgai amino acid sequence. Tertiary structure of this protein in both species was modeled, and it was found that this protein falls under 4-helical cytokines superfamily and short chain cytokine family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a single cluster of ruminants including both nilgai and Indian buffalo that was placed distinct from other nonruminant mammals.

scholarly journals A Fermented Milk Matrix Containing Postbiotics Supports Th1- and Th17-Type Immunity In Vitro and Modulates the Influenza-Specific Vaccination Response In Vivo in Association with Altered Serum Galectin Ratios

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Tjalling Wehkamp ◽  
Ingrid van Ark ◽  
Elisabeth J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immune Balance ◽  
Galectin 3

During a specific milk fermentation process with Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065 (LactofidusTM), postbiotics with possible immunomodulatory properties are produced. We investigated the effects of this fermentation product (FP) in vitro using a model that allows crosstalk between intestinal epithelial (IEC) and immune cells. IECs were exposed to FP and αCD3/CD28-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells after which the mediator secretion was measured. Additionally, using a murine influenza vaccination model, immune development was assessed. Mice were fed an AIN93G diet containing FP or lactose as control. Vaccine-specific immunity was measured as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and correlated to intestinal and systemic immunomodulation levels. In vitro, exposure to FP enhanced IFNγ, TNFα and IL-17A concentrations. Moreover, IEC-derived galectin-3/galectin-9 and galectin-4/galectin-9 ratios were increased. In vivo, dietary intervention with FP increased vaccine-specific DTH responses as compared to the lactose-receiving group. Although no effects on humoral immunity and vaccine-specific T-cell responses were detected, an enhanced systemic serum galectin-3/galectin-9 and galectin-4/galectin-9 ratio correlated with a shift in RORγ (Th17) mRNA expression over regulatory TGFβ1 in the ileum. This was also positively correlated with the increased DTH response. These results indicate that FP can enhance epithelial galectin-3 and -4 over galectin-9 release, and boost adaptive immunity by promoting Th1- and Th17-type cytokines under inflammatory conditions in vitro. Similar variations in galectin and immune balance were observed in the vaccination model, where FP improved the influenza-specific DTH response.

scholarly journals Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) Containing the nef/Long Terminal Repeat Region of the Highly Virulent SIVsmmPBj14 Causes PBj-Like Activation of Cultured Resting Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, but the Chimera Showed No Increase in Virulence

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 5207-5214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Stephens ◽  
Sampa Mukherjee ◽  
Zhen Qian Liu ◽  
Darlene Sheffer ◽  
Rebecca Lamb-Wharton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACT SIVsmmPBj14 is a highly pathogenic lentivirus which causes acute diarrhea, rash, massive lymphocyte proliferation predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract, and death within 7 to 14 days. In cell culture, the virus has mitogenic effects on resting macaque T lymphocytes. In contrast, SIVmac239 causes AIDS in rhesus macaques, generally within 2 years after inoculation. In a previous study, replacement of amino acid residues 17 and 18 of the Nef protein of SIVmac239 with the corresponding amino acid residues of the Nef protein of SIVsmmPBj14 yielded a PBj-like virus that caused extensive activation of resting T lymphocytes in cultures and acute PBj-like disease when inoculated into pig-tailed macaques. This study suggested that nef played a major role in both processes. In this study, we replaced thenef/long terminal repeat (LTR) region of a nonpathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), SHIVPPc, with the corresponding region from SIVsmmPBj14 and examined the biological properties of the resultant virus. Like SIVsmmPBj14, SHIVPPcPBjnef caused massive stimulation of resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which then produced virus in the absence of extraneous interleukin 2. However, when inoculated into macaques, the virus failed to replicate productively or cause disease. Thus, while these results confirmed that the nef/LTR region of SIVsmmPBj14 played a major role in the activation of resting PBMC, duplication of the cellular activation process in macaques may require a further interaction between nef and the envelope glycoprotein of simian immunodeficiency virus because SHIV, containing the envelope of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, failed to cause activation in vivo.

scholarly journals Methanolic Extract of Teucrium Polium Exerts Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Matic ◽  
Suzana Popovic ◽  
Dejan Baskic ◽  
Danijela Todorovic ◽  
Nenad Vukovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Mtt Test ◽  
Cd25 Expression ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Teucrium Polium

AbstractTeucrium polium has been used in traditional medicine around the world for centuries in treatment of various conditions and diseases. Many studies have confirmed pharmacological effects of its extracts, although the immunomodulatory effect has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the immunomodulatory effect of methanolic extract of T. polium (TPE) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from healthy donors and patients with HCV infection. We analyzed the effect of the extract on PBMCs viability using the MTT test. The cell death type was determined using Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD staining. Immunophenotyping using anti-CD8 FITC, anti-CD4 PE, anti-CD3 ECD, anti-CD20 PC5, anti-CD14 FITC and anti-CD25 PC7 was performed by flow cytometry. Results of the MTT test indicate that TPE stimulates proliferation of healthy PBMCs, while the HCV PBMCs viability was slightly reduced.The percentage of apoptotic HCV PBMCs was higher after TPE treatment compared to the control. The proportion of CD25-expressing cells was higher among the untreated HCV PBMCs than in the untreated healthy PBMCs. TPE treatment significantly and gradually increased CD25 expression in healthy PBMCs, whereas CD25 expression on HCV PBMCs increased only at the highest TPE concentration. The upregulation of double-positive CD3+CD25+, CD20+CD25+ and CD14+CD25+ cells was significant in TPE treated healthy PBMCs, while only the highest concentration was effective on HCV PBMCs. In summary, TPE exerts a strong immunomodulatory effect on healthy PBMCs and, only at the highest concentration, on HCV PBMNCs.

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